Effects of Mindful Eating in Patients with Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Binge eating disorder (BED) is a psychiatric illness related to a high frequency of episodes of binge eating, loss of control, body image dissatisfaction, and suffering caused by overeating. It is estimated that 30% of patients with BED are affected by obesity. "Mindful eating" (ME) is a promising new eating technique that can improve self-control and good food choices, helping to increase awareness about the triggers of binge eating episodes and intuitive eating training. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of ME on episodes of binge eating, body image dissatisfaction, quality of life, eating habits, and anthropometric data [weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference] in patients with obesity and BED. METHOD: This quantitative, prospective, longitudinal, and experimental study recruited 82 patients diagnosed with obesity and BED. The intervention was divided into eight individual weekly meetings, guided by ME sessions, nutritional educational dynamics, cooking workshops, food sensory analyses, and applications of questionnaires [Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); Binge Eating Scale (BES); Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF)]. There was no dietary prescription for calories, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and fiber. Patients were only encouraged to consume fewer ultra-processed foods and more natural and minimally processed foods. The meetings occurred from October to November 2023. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: To carry out inferential statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of variable distribution. All variables were identified as non-normal distribution and were compared between the first and the eighth week using a two-tailed Wilcoxon test. Non-Gaussian data were represented by median ± interquartile range (IQR). Additionally, α < 0.05 and p < 0.05 were adopted. RESULTS: Significant reductions were found from the first to the eighth week for weight, BMI, waist circumference, episodes of binge eating, BSQ scale score, BES score, and total energy value (all p < 0.0001). In contrast, there was a significant increase in the WHOQOL-BREF score and daily water intake (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: ME improved anthropometric data, episodes of binge eating, body image dissatisfaction, eating habits, and quality of life in participants with obesity and BED in the short-term. However, an extension of the project will be necessary to analyze the impact of the intervention in the long-term.

Attitudes of doctors and medical students toward patients with suicidal ideation / Las actitudes de médicos y estudiantes de medicina sobre los pacientes con ideación suicida / Atitudes de médicos e estudantes de medicina com pacientes com ideação suicida

Abstract Considering suicide is a public health problem, this study identified misconceptions about patients at risk of suicide as well as strategies to manage patients and their families, also verifying changes in conceptions and attitudes throughout graduation. We applied a questionnaire with five categories: "medical confidentiality," "deontology," "medical negligence," "graduation," and "myths and conceptions". One hundred and twenty-six subjects participated in the research: 45 (35.7%) first-year medical students, 48 (38.1%) interns, and 33 (26.2%) doctors. The variables were analyzed, and the difference between groups was significant for 15 questions (62.5%). In one question (myths and conceptions) the answers were distant from the expected, and in two questions (myths and conceptions, deontology) the result did not give adequate information. We observed improvements at medical graduation for most of the studied aspects; among the deficiencies, we highlight those related to compulsory notification, electroconvulsive therapy, and the responsibility of doctors.

Resumen Considerando el suicidio como un problema de salud pública, este estudio identificó las concepciones erróneas sobre el tema, las estrategias para atender a los pacientes y sus familias y verificó los cambios en los conceptos y actitudes de estudiantes de medicina durante la graduación. Se elaboró un cuestionario con cinco categorías: "confidencialidad médica", "deontología", "mala praxis médica", "graduación", y "mitos y conceptos". De los 126 participantes 45 (35,7%) eran estudiantes del primer año de medicina, 48 (38,1%) becarios, y 33 (26,2%) médicos. Las variables se analizaron estadísticamente, y la diferencia entre grupos fue significativa para 15 preguntas (62,5%). Una pregunta (mitos y conceptos) tuvo una respuesta inesperada, y dos preguntas (mitos y conceptos, deontología) no presentaron un resultado adecuado. Se observaron mejoras durante la graduación en la mayoría de los aspectos estudiados; entre las deficiencias, se destacaron la notificación obligatoria, la terapia electroconvulsiva y la responsabilidad del profesional médico.

Resumo Partindo do princípio de que o suicídio é problema de saúde pública, este estudo identificou concepções equivocadas sobre o assunto, estratégias de manejo dos pacientes e familiares, e verificou se há mudanças nessas concepções e atitudes ao longo da graduação. Foi elaborado questionário com cinco categorias: "confidencialidade médica", "deontologia", "negligência médica", "graduação", e "mitos e conceitos". Cento e vinte e seis sujeitos participaram da pesquisa: 45 (35,7%) alunos do primeiro ano de medicina, 48 (38,1%) estagiários e 33 (26,2%) doutores. As variáveis foram analisadas, e a diferença entre os grupos foi significativa para 15 questões (62,5%). Em uma questão (mitos e conceitos) houve distanciamento da resposta esperada e em duas questões (mitos e conceitos, deontologia), o resultado não deu a informação adequada. Verificamos melhoras durante a graduação para a maioria dos aspectos considerados; dentre as deficiências, destacaram-se as relacionadas à notificação compulsória, eletroconvulsoterapia e responsabilização do profissional médico.

Perfil sociodemográfico e comorbidades psiquiátricas em dependentes químicos acompanhados em comunidades terapêuticas / Sociodemographic profile and psychiatric comorbidities in chemical dependent patients accompanied in therapeutic communities

RESUMO Objetivos Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, antecedentes pessoais/familiares e a prevalência de comorbidades psiquiátricas em uma amostra de dependentes de álcool e/ou substâncias psicoativas (SPAs) acompanhados em duas comunidades terapêuticas. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de prevalência, com coleta de dados realizada em uma amostra de 90 entrevistados por meio da aplicação de uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos/antecedentes pessoais e familiares e do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview versão Plus (MINI Plus). Os entrevistados foram divididos em três grupos: etilistas (grupo A), dependentes de SPAs ilícitas (Grupo B) e dependentes de álcool e SPAs ilícitas (grupo C). Resultados Observou-se prevalência elevada de comorbidades psiquiátricas (88,8%) e, em específico, do transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) no grupo A (36,7%) e do transtorno de personalidade antissocial nos grupos B e C (46,7% e 30%, respectivamente). Foi possível traçar perfis próprios para cada grupo, havendo convergência quanto aos dados sociodemográficos para os grupos A e C e entre os grupos B e C para as comorbidades psiquiátricas. Conclusão A vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica e a alta prevalência de comorbidades psiquiátricas denotam a fragilidade da população de dependentes químicos. Os perfis próprios de cada grupo evidenciam a importância de tratamento individualizado.

ABSTRACT Objectives Analyze the sociodemographic profile, personal/family antecedents and the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in a sample of alcohol and/or psychoactive substances (PAS) accompanied in two therapeutic communities. Methods This is a prevalence study, having gathered data from a sample with 90 interviewee through a form with sociodemographic/personal/family antecedents data and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus). The interviewee were divided in three groups: alcohol dependent (group A), illicit PAS dependents (group B) and alcohol and illicit PAS (group C). Results A high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (88.8%) and, specifically, the major depressive disorder (MDD) in group A (36.7%) and antisocial personality disorder in groups B and C (46.7% and 30%, respectively) was found. It was possible to track characteristic profile for each group, having found a convergence of sociodemographic data for groups A and C, and between groups B and C, for psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion The sociodemographic vulnerability and the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities denote the fragility of the population of chemical dependents. The characteristic profiles for each group demonstrate the importance of an individualized treatment.

Self-perception of quality of life and identification of alexithymia in failed back surgery syndrome patients / Autopercepção da qualidade de vida e identificação da alexitimia em pacientes com síndrome da falha cirúrgica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Failed back surgery syndrome is one of the most frequent nosological entities in a Pain Clinic and is characterized by the persistent maintenance of lumbar and/or lower limbs pain complaints in individuals already submitted to lumbar vertebral surgery. This study aimed at evaluating quality of life and at investigating the presence of alexithymia in a sample of individuals with failed back surgery syndrome, in addition to analyzing correlations between pain intensity and symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHODS: This is a descriptive, exploratory, comparative, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach in a sample of individuals with failed back surgery syndrome (G1) (n=38) and a group with low back pain without surgical intervention (G2) (n=42) of a Teaching Hospital Pain Clinic. Participants were evaluated by the Brief Pain Inventory and the Toronto Alexithymia scale. Emotional factors, such as anxiety and depression, were evaluated by Beck scales and quality of life by the generic WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. RESULTS: There were mean alexithymia, anxiety and depression scores significantly higher for G1 and poorer quality of life in all domains as compared to G2. There were significant correlations between alexithymia and depression (p<0.01) and quality of life (except for the environment domain) and anxiety/depression (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Results have highlighted the negative impact of frequently under-diagnosed psychological variables on quality of life. A better understanding of these emotional reactions may promote a more effective participation of health professionals.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome da falha cirúrgica é uma das mais frequentes entidades nosológicas em uma Clinica de Dor e caracteriza-se pela manutenção persistente de queixas álgicas lombares e/ou nos membros inferiores em indivíduos já submetidos a cirurgia vertebral lombar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida e investigar a presença de alexitimia em uma amostra de indivíduos com síndrome da falha cirúrgica, e analisar as correlações entre intensidade de dor e presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, comparativo, de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa em uma amostra composta de indivíduos com diagnóstico de síndrome da falha cirúrgica (G1) (n=38) e um grupo com dor lombar e sem intervenção cirúrgica (G2) (n=42) pertencentes a uma Clinica da Dor de um hospital escola. Os participantes foram avaliados pelo Inventario Breve de Dor e a escala de Alexitimia de Toronto. Fatores emocionais como ansiedade e depressão foram avaliados pelas escalas Beck e, a qualidade de vida pelo questionário genérico WHOQOL-BREF. RESULTADOS: Apontaram escores médios significativamente mais elevados de alexitimia, ansiedade e depressão no G1 e pior qualidade de vida em todos os domínios, se comparado ao G2. Correlações significativas entre alexitimia e depressão (p<0,01) e qualidade de vida (exceto no domínio ambiente) e ansiedade/ depressão (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados destacam o impacto negativo que as variáveis psicológicas, frequentemente subdiagnosticadas, têm na qualidade vida. A melhor compreensão dessas reações emocionais pode promover uma atuação mais eficaz do profissional de saúde.

Effectiveness of an interdisciplinary program in patients with failed back surgery syndrome / Eficácia de um programa interdisciplinar em pacientes com síndrome pós-laminectomia / Eficacia de un programa interdisciplinario en pacientes con síndrome postlaminectomía

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the results of an interdisciplinary program administered to patients with failed back surgery syndrome, aiming at functional improvement, modulation of pain, reduction of anxiety symptoms and depression, and improvement of quality of life. Method: This is a non-randomized prospective study with a sample of patients with failed back surgery pain syndrome diagnosed with persistent or recurrent pain after surgery to the lumbar spine (laminectomy and arthrodesis) referred to liaison in the Pain Clinic (n= 26). The instruments used were Brief Pain Inventory, Roland-Morris Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. The generic WHOQOL-bref13 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life and the fear of moving was assessed by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Results: There was a predominance of females, the mean age was 42.3 ± 5.8 years, 43% were married and average schooling was 7 ± 4.5 years. The mean time of pain reported was 8 ± 6.8 months in addition to high levels of anxiety, depression and kinesiophobia. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the perception of quality of life and of all parameters evaluated (p<0.05), with functional gains as well as decreased pain threshold. Conclusion: The interdisciplinary intervention in patients with failed back surgery syndrome provides better functional performance, decreases the intensity of pain, anxiety and depression symptoms, and improves quality of life. The inclusion of this intervention associated with drug therapy may the patient develop an active and independent lifestyle.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados de um programa interdisciplinar aplicado a pacientes com síndrome pós-laminectomia, visando melhora funcional, modulação da dor, redução de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e aumento da qualidade de vida. Método: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo não randomizado, com amostra constituída por um grupo de pacientes com síndrome dolorosa pós-laminectomia diagnosticados com dor persistente ou recorrente após cirurgias da coluna lombar (laminectomia e artrodese) encaminhados para interconsultas na Clínica da Dor (n= 26). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário Breve de Dor, Questionário Roland-Morris e Inventários Beck de ansiedade e depressão. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, foi utilizado Questionário Genérico Whoqol-bref13 e o medo de se movimentar foi avaliado pela Escala Tampa para Cinesiofobia. Resultados: Houve predomínio de mulheres, a média de idade foi 42,3 ± 5,8 anos, 43% eram casados e a média de escolaridade foi de 7 ± 4,5 anos. O tempo médio de dor relatado foi de 8 ± 6,8 meses, além de níveis altos de ansiedade, depressão e cinesiofobia. Após a intervenção houve melhora significativa na percepção da qualidade de vida e de todos os parâmetros avaliados (p < 0,05) observando-se ganhos funcionais, assim como a diminuição do limiar de dor. Conclusão: A intervenção interdisciplinar nos pacientes com síndrome pós-laminectomia proporciona melhor desempenho funcional, diminui a intensidade da dor, os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, melhorando a qualidade de vida. A inclusão desta intervenção associada ao tratamento farmacológico pode desenvolver um estilo de vida ativo e independente.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de un programa interdisciplinario subministrado a pacientes con síndrome postlaminectomía que busca la mejora funcional, la modulación del dolor, la reducción de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y calidad de vida. Método: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo no aleatorio de una muestra compuesta por un grupo de pacientes con síndrome doloroso postlaminectomía diagnosticados con dolor persistente o recurrente después de la cirugía de la columna lumbar (laminectomía y fusión) referidos a interconsultas en la Clínica del Dolor (n= 26). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Cuestionario breve del dolor, Cuestionario Roland-Morris e inventarios de ansiedad y depresión de Beck. Para evaluar la calidad de vida se utilizó el cuestionario genérico WHOQOL-BREF13 y el miedo de moverse fue evaluado por la Escala de Tampa de Kinesiofobia. Resultados: Hubo un predominio de mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 42,3 ± 5,8 años, 43% eran casados y la educación promedio fue de 7 ± 4,5 años. Se reportó una duración promedio del dolor de 8 ± 6,8 meses, además de altos niveles de ansiedad, depresión y kinesiofobia. Después de la intervención se observó una mejoría significativa en la percepción de la calidad de vida y de todos los parámetros (p < 0,05), siguiendo las ganancias funcionales, así como la disminución del umbral del dolor. Conclusión: La intervención interdisciplinaria en pacientes con síndrome postlaminectomía mejora la funcionalidad, disminuye la intensidad del dolor, los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y mejora la calidad de vida. La inclusión de esta intervención asociada con el tratamiento farmacológico puede proporcionar una vida activa e independiente.

Longer epilepsy duration and multiple lobe involvement predict worse seizure outcomes for patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy associated with neurocysticercosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) and neurocysticercosis (NCC). METHODS: A retrospective investigation of patients with TLE-HS was conducted in a tertiary center. RESULTS: Seventy-nine (62.2%), 37 (29.1%), 6 (4.7%), and 5 (3.9%) patients were Engel class I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Fifty-two (71.2%) patients with epilepsy durations ≤ 10 years prior to surgery were seizure-free 1 year after the operation compared to 27 (50.0%) patients with epilepsy durations > 10 years (p = 0.0121). Forty-three (72.9%) patients with three or fewer lobes affected by NCC were seizure-free one year after the operation, and 36 (52.9%) patients with more than three involved lobes were seizure-free after surgery (p = 0.0163). CONCLUSIONS: Longer epilepsy durations and multiple lobe involvement predicted worse seizure outcomes in TLE-HS plus NCC patients.

Longer epilepsy duration and multiple lobe involvement predict worse seizure outcomes for patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy associated with neurocysticercosis / Longa duração de epilepsia e envolvimento de múltiplos lobos são fatores preditivos de pior controle das crises convulsivas em pacientes com epilepsia refratária do lobo temporal associada a neurocisticercose

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) and neurocysticercosis (NCC). Methods A retrospective investigation of patients with TLE-HS was conducted in a tertiary center. Results Seventy-nine (62.2%), 37 (29.1%), 6 (4.7%), and 5 (3.9%) patients were Engel class I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Fifty-two (71.2%) patients with epilepsy durations ≤ 10 years prior to surgery were seizure-free 1 year after the operation compared to 27 (50.0%) patients with epilepsy durations > 10 years (p = 0.0121). Forty-three (72.9%) patients with three or fewer lobes affected by NCC were seizure-free one year after the operation, and 36 (52.9%) patients with more than three involved lobes were seizure-free after surgery (p = 0.0163). Conclusions Longer epilepsy durations and multiple lobe involvement predicted worse seizure outcomes in TLE-HS plus NCC patients.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o resultado cirúrgico da epilepsia do lobo temporal associada à esclerose hipocampal (TLE-HS) e neurocisticercose (NCC). Métodos Estudo retrospectivo realizado em um centro de epilepsia. Resultados Cinqüenta e dois pacientes (71,2%) com 10 anos ou menos de epilepsia antes da cirurgia tornaram-se livres de crises após um ano da operação, enquanto que 27 (50,0%) com mais de dez anos tornaram-se livres de crises após a cirurgia (p = 0,0121). Quarenta e três pacientes (72,9%), com três ou menos lobos afetados pela NCC tornaram-se livres de crises após um ano de operação, enquanto que 36 pacientes (52,9%) com mais de três lobos envolvidos estavam livres de crises após a cirurgia (p = 0,0163). Conclusão A duração mais longa da epilepsia e o envolvimento de múltiplos lobos prevê pior resultado após a cirurgia para TLE-HS mais NCC.

Gross-total resection of temporal low grade gliomas is a critically important factor in achieving seizure-freedom / A ressecção total de gliomas temporais de baixo grau é um importante fator no controle das crises convulsivas

Objective To present a surgical series of patients with low grade temporal gliomas causing intractable epilepsy, focusing on long-term seizure outcome.Method A retrospective study was conducted with patients with temporal low-grade gliomas (LGG).Results Sixty five patients with were operated in our institution. Males were more affected than females and the mean age at surgery was 32.3 ± 8.4 (9-68 years). The mean age at seizure onset was 25.7 ± 9.2 (11-66 years). Seizure outcome was classified according with Engel classification. After one year of follow up, forty two patients (64.6%) were Engel I; seventeen (26.2%) Engel II; four (6.2%) Engel III and two (3.1%) Engel IV. Statistically significant difference in seizure outcome was obtained when comparing the extension of resection. Engel I was observed in 39 patients (69.6%) with total resection and in only 3 (33.3%) patients with partial resection.Conclusion Gross-total resection of temporal LGGs is a critically important factor in achieving seizure-freedom.

Objetivo Apresentar uma série cirúrgica de pacientes com gliomas temporais de baixo grau, causando epilepsia de difícil controle.Método Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de glioma temporal de baixo grau temporais.Resultados 65 pacientes com foram operados em nossa instituição. A média de idade de início das crises foi de 25,7 ± 9,2 (11-66 anos). Após um ano de acompanhamento, quarenta e dois pacientes (64,6%) estavam Engel I; dezessete (26,2%) Engel II; quatro (6,2%) Engel III e dois (3,1%) Engel IV. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no resultado do controle das crises quando se compara a extensão da ressecção. Engel I foi observada em 39 pacientes (69,6%) com a ressecção total e em apenas 3 (33,3%) pacientes com ressecção parcial.Conclusão A ressecção total de glioma temporal de baixo grau temporais é um fator extremamente importante no controle das crises.

Gross-total resection of temporal low grade gliomas is a critically important factor in achieving seizure-freedom.

OBJECTIVE: To present a surgical series of patients with low grade temporal gliomas causing intractable epilepsy, focusing on long-term seizure outcome. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted with patients with temporal low-grade gliomas (LGG). RESULTS: Sixty five patients with were operated in our institution. Males were more affected than females and the mean age at surgery was 32.3 ± 8.4 (9-68 years). The mean age at seizure onset was 25.7 ± 9.2 (11-66 years). Seizure outcome was classified according with Engel classification. After one year of follow up, forty two patients (64.6%) were Engel I; seventeen (26.2%) Engel II; four (6.2%) Engel III and two (3.1%) Engel IV. Statistically significant difference in seizure outcome was obtained when comparing the extension of resection. Engel I was observed in 39 patients (69.6%) with total resection and in only 3 (33.3%) patients with partial resection. CONCLUSION: Gross-total resection of temporal LGGs is a critically important factor in achieving seizure-freedom.

Shorter epilepsy duration is associated with better seizure outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of patient's age and seizure onset on surgical outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHOD: A retrospective observational investigation performed from a cohort of patients from 2000 to 2012. RESULTS: A total of 229 patients were included. One-hundred and eleven of 179 patients (62%) were classified as Engel I in the group with < 50 years old, whereas 33 of 50 (66%) in the group with ≥ 50 years old group (p = 0.82). From those Engel I, 88 (61%) reported epilepsy duration inferior to 10 years and 56 (39%) superior to 10 years (p < 0.01). From the total of patients not seizure free, 36 (42%) reported epilepsy duration inferior to 10 years and 49 (58%) superior to 10 years (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with shorter duration of epilepsy before surgery had better postoperative seizure control than patients with longer duration of seizures.

Shorter epilepsy duration is associated with better seizure outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery / Curta duração de epilepsia está associada à melhor controle de crises na cirurgia de epilepsia do lobo temporal

Objective To investigate the influence of patient’s age and seizure onset on surgical outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method A retrospective observational investigation performed from a cohort of patients from 2000 to 2012. Results A total of 229 patients were included. One-hundred and eleven of 179 patients (62%) were classified as Engel I in the group with < 50 years old, whereas 33 of 50 (66%) in the group with ≥ 50 years old group (p = 0.82). From those Engel I, 88 (61%) reported epilepsy duration inferior to 10 years and 56 (39%) superior to 10 years (p < 0.01). From the total of patients not seizure free, 36 (42%) reported epilepsy duration inferior to 10 years and 49 (58%) superior to 10 years (p < 0.01). Conclusion Patients with shorter duration of epilepsy before surgery had better postoperative seizure control than patients with longer duration of seizures. .

Objetivo Investigar a influência da idade no momento da cirurgia e duração das crises no resultado cirúrgico da epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Método Estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma coorte de pacientes de 2000 a 2012. Resultados Um total de 229 pacientes foram incluídos. Cento e onze de 179 pacientes (62%) foram classificados como Engel I no grupo com < 50 anos de idade, ao passo que 33 de 50 (66%) no grupo com ≥ 50 anos grupo de idade (p = 0,82). Daqueles Engel I, 88 (61%) relataram a duração da epilepsia inferior a 10 anos e 56 (39%) superiores a 10 anos (p < 0,01). Do total de pacientes não sem crises, 36 (42%) relataram a duração da epilepsia inferior a 10 anos e 49 (58%) superior a 10 anos (p < 0,01). Conclusão Pacientes com menor duração da epilepsia antes da cirurgia tem melhor controle das crises pós-operatório. .

Perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária tratados em um centro terciário / Clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients with refractory schizophrenia treated in a tertiary center

Objetivos A esquizofrenia está associada a alto grau de incapacidade e importantes déficits neuropsicológicos, sociais e vocacionais. Pesquisas têm sido realizadas com o objetivo de identificar fatores preditivos para refratariedade, a fim de melhorar o tratamento e a qualidade de vida do paciente com esquizofrenia. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a frequência de pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária acompanhados em serviço terciário, estabelecer o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico e analisar possíveis fatores associados à refratariedade clínica. Métodos Sessenta e oito pacientes com esquizofrenia foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 36 refratários ao tratamento (52,9%). Os dados clínicos e sociodemográficos de ambos os grupos foram coletados, analisados e comparados. Um modelo de regressão logística foi elaborado com o objetivo de analisar possíveis fatores associados à refratariedade clínica. Resultados Entre o grupo refratário, houve maior frequência do sexo masculino (p = 0,03), número de antipsicóticos em uso (p < 0,01), internações ao longo da vida (p < 0,01) e de polifarmácia (p < 0,01). Escolaridade, estado civil, história familiar de esquizofrenia e uso de substâncias não foram confirmados como associados à refratariedade. Observou-se atraso temporal entre o estabelecimento da refratariedade clínica e a introdução da clozapina, indicado como o melhor antipsicótico para o tratamento de esquizofrenia refratária. Conclusão É importante e necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas a fim de investigar possíveis fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos preditores de refratariedade em pacientes com esquizofrenia, objetivando o início mais precoce de ações terapêuticas. .

Objectives Schizophrenia is associated with a high degree of disability and significant neuropsychological, social and vocational deficits. Studies have been undertaken to identify the predictive factors for refractoriness in order to improve the treatment and quality of life of such patients. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of patients with schizophrenia who are refractory and non-refractory treated in a tertiary center, the clinical and sociodemographic profile of such population and to analyze the associated factors of clinical refractoriness. Methods Sixty-eight patients with schizophrenia were included, and 36 were refractory to treatment (52.9%). Clinical and sociodemographic data of both groups were collected, analyzed and compared. A logistic regression model was elaborated in order to verify possible associations with clinical refractoriness. Results The refractory group had a higher prevalence of males (p = 0.03), antipsychotic use (p < 0.01), hospitalizations during lifetime (p < 0.01) and polypharmacy (p < 0.01). Educational level, marital status, family history of schizophrenia and substance use, were not associated to refractoriness. A delay between the diagnostic of refractoriness and the initiation of clozapine, the best antipsychotic for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, was also observed. Conclusion The importance of further research in disclosing possible clinical and socio-demographic predictors of refractoriness in schizophrenia is therefore necessary. .

Is disorganized schizophrenia a predictor of treatment resistance? Evidence from an observational study

Objective: To investigate whether inpatients with disorganized schizophrenia are more resistant to treatment. Method: Eighty-five inpatients were assessed at admission and at discharge for schizophrenia subtype, symptom severity, and treatment resistance criteria. Results: Disorganized patients were significantly more treatment-resistant than paranoid patients (60%, p = 0.001), and presented worse scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S), and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (p < 0.001). Although the difference was not significant, 80% of treatment-resistant patients with disorganized schizophrenia responded to clozapine. Conclusion: Patients with the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia should benefit from clozapine as a second-line agent. .

Interictal dysphoric disorder: a frequent psychiatric comorbidity among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary centers / Transtorno disforico interictal: uma comorbidade psiquiatrica frequente entre pacientes com epilepsia acompanhados em dois servicos terciarios

Psychiatric disorders are frequent among patients with epilepsy. Data in the literature have shown a heterogeneous clinical presentation of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy. Interictal dysphoric disorder could be a specific psychiatric comorbidity associated with epilepsy, primarily in patients treated in tertiary centers. Objective The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of interictal dysphoric disorder among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary epilepsy services in Brazil. Method Sixty-five patients with epilepsy completed the Portuguese version of the Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory. Results Thirty-three (50.7%) patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for interictal dysphoric disorder, although all participants answered positively to having at least one key symptom. Conclusion The high rate of patients with epilepsy who fulfilled the diagnosis of interictal dysphoric disorder confirms an association between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. However, there is clearly a need to improve diagnostic tools to allow better differentiation between interictal dysphoric disorder and other psychiatric disorders. .

Transtornos psiquiátricos são frequentes entre pacientes com epilepsia. Estudos evidenciam apresentações clínicas heterogêneas neste grupo. O transtorno disfórico interictal pode um transtorno específico destes pacientes, particularmente naqueles acompanhados em centros terciários. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de transtorno disfórico interictal entre pacientes com epilepsia atendidos em dois serviços terciários de epilepsia do Brasil. Método Sessenta e cinco pacientes foram convidados a responder a versão brasileira do Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory adaptado e validado para o Português. Resultados Trinta e três pacientes (50,7%) preencheram critérios para transtorno disfórico interictal, embora todos os entrevistados tenham afirmado que são acometidos por ao menos um dos sintomas-chave. Conclusão A alta prevalência de transtorno disfórico interictal em pacientes com epilepsia pode ser um indício da associação entre epilepsia e transtornos psiquiátricos. No entanto, é necessário melhorar a acurácia dos instrumentos de diagnóstico para poder diferenciar casos de transtorno disfórico interictal de outros transtornos psiquiátricos. .

The impacts of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Functional neuroimaging techniques represent fundamental tools in the context of translational research integrating neurobiology, psychopathology, neuropsychology, and therapeutics. In addition, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of anxiety disorders and may be useful in phobias. The literature has shown that feelings and behaviors are mediated by specific brain circuits, and changes in patterns of interaction should be associated with cerebral alterations. Based on these concepts, a systematic review was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of CBT on phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including studies published between January 1980 and April 2012. Studies written in English, Spanish or Portuguese evaluating changes in the pattern of functional neuroimaging before and after CBT in patients with phobic disorders were included. RESULTS: The initial search strategy retrieved 45 studies. Six of these studies met all inclusion criteria. Significant deactivations in the amygdala, insula, thalamus and hippocampus, as well as activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, were observed after CBT in phobic patients when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: In spite of their technical limitations, neuroimaging techniques provide neurobiological support for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of phobic disorders. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

The impacts of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques: a systematic review

Objective: Functional neuroimaging techniques represent fundamental tools in the context of translational research integrating neurobiology, psychopathology, neuropsychology, and therapeutics. In addition, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of anxiety disorders and may be useful in phobias. The literature has shown that feelings and behaviors are mediated by specific brain circuits, and changes in patterns of interaction should be associated with cerebral alterations. Based on these concepts, a systematic review was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of CBT on phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including studies published between January 1980 and April 2012. Studies written in English, Spanish or Portuguese evaluating changes in the pattern of functional neuroimaging before and after CBT in patients with phobic disorders were included. Results: The initial search strategy retrieved 45 studies. Six of these studies met all inclusion criteria. Significant deactivations in the amygdala, insula, thalamus and hippocampus, as well as activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, were observed after CBT in phobic patients when compared with controls. Conclusion: In spite of their technical limitations, neuroimaging techniques provide neurobiological support for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of phobic disorders. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. .

Is disorganized schizophrenia a predictor of treatment resistance? Evidence from an observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether inpatients with disorganized schizophrenia are more resistant to treatment. METHOD: Eighty-five inpatients were assessed at admission and at discharge for schizophrenia subtype, symptom severity, and treatment resistance criteria. RESULTS: Disorganized patients were significantly more treatment-resistant than paranoid patients (60%, p = 0.001), and presented worse scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S), and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (p < 0.001). Although the difference was not significant, 80% of treatment-resistant patients with disorganized schizophrenia responded to clozapine. CONCLUSION: Patients with the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia should benefit from clozapine as a second-line agent.

Interictal dysphoric disorder: a frequent psychiatric comorbidity among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary centers.

UNLABELLED: Psychiatric disorders are frequent among patients with epilepsy. Data in the literature have shown a heterogeneous clinical presentation of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy. Interictal dysphoric disorder could be a specific psychiatric comorbidity associated with epilepsy, primarily in patients treated in tertiary centers. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of interictal dysphoric disorder among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary epilepsy services in Brazil. METHOD: Sixty-five patients with epilepsy completed the Portuguese version of the Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory. RESULTS: Thirty-three (50.7%) patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for interictal dysphoric disorder, although all participants answered positively to having at least one key symptom. CONCLUSION: The high rate of patients with epilepsy who fulfilled the diagnosis of interictal dysphoric disorder confirms an association between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. However, there is clearly a need to improve diagnostic tools to allow better differentiation between interictal dysphoric disorder and other psychiatric disorders.

The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in psychiatric disorders: an update of neuroimaging findings.

OBJECTIVE: To report structural and functional neuroimaging studies exploring the potential role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders (PD). METHOD: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by means of MEDLINE using the following terms as parameters: "orbitofrontal cortex", "schizophrenia", "bipolar disorder", "major depression", "anxiety disorders", "personality disorders" and "drug addiction". The electronic search was done up to July 2011. DISCUSSION: Structural and functional OFC abnormalities have been reported in many PD, namely schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and drug addiction. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported reduced OFC volume in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, PTSD, panic disorder, cluster B personality disorders and drug addiction. Furthermore, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using cognitive paradigms have shown impaired OFC activity in all PD listed above. CONCLUSION: Neuroimaging studies have observed an important OFC involvement in a number of PD. However, future studies are clearly needed to characterize the specific role of OFC on each PD as well as understanding its role in both normal and pathological behavior, mood regulation and cognitive functioning.

Pre-surgical mood disorders associated to worse post-surgical seizure outcome in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis / Transtornos de humor pré-cirúrgicos associados ao prognóstico pós-cirúrgico desfavorável em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal e esclerose mesial temporal

OBJECTIVES: This study aims at verifying the impact of pre-surgical PD on seizure outcome in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS). METHODS: After previous consent, retrospective data from 115 surgically treated (corticoamygdalohyppocampectomy) TLE-MTS patients (65 females; 56.5%) were analyzed. Psychiatric evaluations were performed through DSM-IV criteria. Engel IA was established as a favorable prognosis. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (41.6%) were classified as Engel IA, while 47 (40.8%) presented pre-surgical PD. Depression (OR=5.11; p=0.004) appeared as a risk factor associated to a non-favorable seizure outcome. CONCLUSION: In patients with refractory TLE-MTS, the presence of depression predicts an unfavorable outcome.

OBJETIVO: No presente trabalho avaliamos o impacto da presença de transtorno psiquiátrico pré-cirúrgico sobre o prognóstico cirúrgico em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal e esclerose mesial temporal (ELT-EMT). METODOLOGIA: Analisamos, retrospectivamente, os dados de 115 pacientes com ELT-EMT (65 mulheres, 56,5%) tratados cirurgicamente (corticoamigdalohipocampectomia). As avaliações psiquiátricas foram feitas de acordo com os critérios DSM-IV. O prognóstico favorável foi definido como ausência de crises desde a cirurgia (Engel IA). RESULTADOS: Dos 115 pacientes tratados, 45 (42,6%) tiveram prognóstico favorável e 47 (40,8%) apresentavam transtorno psiquiátrico pré-operatório. A presença de depressão (OR=5,11; p=0,004) foi associada ao prognóstico cirúrgico desfavorável. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de depressão durante a avaliação psiquiátrica pré-operatória é um fator preditivo de prognóstico desfavorável em pacientes com ELT-EMT.