Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of a questionnaire to evaluate clinical simulation in Health Sciences degrees.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Jeffries questionnaire to assess perception, satisfaction and learning results in Clinical Simulation (QJSC) for students of Health Science degrees. METHOD: For the transcultural adaptation to the Spanish language of the QJSC questionnaire, the inverse method was applied with a back translation. Internal consistency analysis was performed to assess reliability, analysed with Cronbach's alpha, a value between 0.90 and 0.95 was considered acceptable. To establish the content validity, a factor analysis was performed, only items with factor saturations greater than 0.60 were considered for interpretation. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 19 programme. The administration of the questionnaire was carried out in 10-12 clinical simulation training sessions according to the subject programme with 10-12 students per session, for high-fidelity clinical simulation between 2017 and 2018, in a sample of 443 undergraduate students of the Health Sciences degrees corresponding to Nursing, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical Technology and Kinesiology in the Clinical Simulation Centres (CSC) of the Coquimbo region, La Serena, Chile RESULTS: The internal consistency level for QJSC was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.963. The data fulfilled the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria for adequate sample MSA (measure of sampling adequacy) of 0.981 with an acceptable minimum of 0.500. The data also met the requirements of the Bartlett sphericity test (χ2 = 53971, df = 561, p < .0001). The questionnaire showed a factorial structure of two factors which were named Active-Participatory Learning and Perception of Autonomy in learning. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the evidence on the validity and reliability of the scores for the Spanish version of the QJSC indicates that it is an adequate tool to evaluate the perception, satisfaction and learning outcomes of students in this teaching and learning methodology.

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de un cuestionario para evaluar la simulación clínica en titulaciones de Ciencias de la Salud / Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of a questionnaire to evaluate clinical simulation in Health Sciences degrees

Objetivo:Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del cuestionario de Jeffries para evaluar la percepción, satisfacción y resultados de aprendizaje en simulación clínica (QJSC) para estudiantes de titulaciones de Ciencia de la Salud.Método:Para la adaptación transcultural a lengua castellana del cuestionario QJSC, se aplicó el método inverso con una traducción-retraducción. Se efectuó el análisis de consistencia interna para evaluar la fiabilidad, analizada con el alfa de Cronbach, se consideró aceptable un valor entre 0,90 y 0,95. Para establecer la validez de contenido se efectuó un análisis factorial, solo se consideraron para la interpretación los ítems con saturaciones factoriales mayores a 0,60. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el programa SPSS 19. La administración del cuestionario se llevó a cabo en 10 a 12 sesiones formativas de simulación clínica de acuerdo con el programa de asignatura con 10 a 12 estudiantes por sesión, para simulación clínica de alta fidelidad entre 2017 y 2018, en una muestra de 443 estudiantes de pregrado de las titulaciones de Ciencias de la Salud correspondientes a Enfermería, Nutrición y Dietética, Tecnología Médica y Kinesiología en los Centros de Simulación Clínica de la región de Coquimbo, La Serena, Chile.Resultados:El nivel de consistencia interna para QJSC fue de un alfa de Cronbach= 0,963. Los datos cumplieron con los criterios de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin para muestra adecuada (measure of sampling adequacy) de 0,981 con un mínimo aceptable de 0,500. Los datos también cumplieron los requisitos de la prueba de esfericidad de Batlett (χ2 = 53971, df = 561, P <0,0001). El cuestionario mostró una estructura factorial de dos factores los cuales fueron nombrados aprendizaje activo-participativo y percepción de autonomía en el aprendizaje.

Objective:To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Jeffries questionnaire to assess perception, satisfaction and learning results in Clinical Simulation (QJSC) for students of Health Science degrees.Method:For the transcultural adaptation to the Spanish language of the QJSC questionnaire, the inverse method was applied with a back translation. Internal consistency analysis was performed to assess reliability, analysed with Cronbach's alpha, a value between 0.90 and 0.95 was considered acceptable. To establish the content validity, a factor analysis was performed, only items with factor saturations greater than 0.60 were considered for interpretation. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 19 programme. The administration of the questionnaire was carried out in 10 to 12 clinical simulation training sessions according to the subject programme with 10 to 12 students per session, for high-fidelity clinical simulation between 2017 and 2018, in a sample of 443 undergraduate students of the Health Sciences degrees corresponding to Nursing, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical Technology and Kinesiology in the Clinical Simulation Centres of the Coquimbo region, La Serena, Chile.Results:The internal consistency level for QJSC was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.963. The data fulfilled the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria for adequate sample MSA (measure of sampling adequacy) of 0.981 with an acceptable minimum of 0.500. The data also met the requirements of the Bartlett sphericity test (χ2 = 53971, df = 561, p <.0001). The questionnaire showed a factorial structure of two factors which were named Active-Participatory Learning and Perception of Autonomy in learning.Conclusions:It was concluded that the evidence on the validity and reliability of the scores for the Spanish version of the QJSC indicates that it is an adequate tool to evaluate the perception, satisfaction and learning outcomes of students in this teaching and learning methodology.

Ecophysiological Features Shape the Distribution of Prophages and CRISPR in Sulfate Reducing Prokaryotes.

Sulfate reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a phylogenetically and physiologically diverse group of microorganisms that use sulfate as an electron acceptor. SRP have long been recognized as key players of the carbon and sulfur cycles, and more recently, they have been identified to play a relevant role as part of syntrophic and symbiotic relations and the human microbiome. Despite their environmental relevance, there is a poor understanding about the prevalence of prophages and CRISPR arrays and how their distribution and dynamic affect the ecological role of SRP. We addressed this question by analyzing the results of a comprehensive survey of prophages and CRISPR in a total of 91 genomes of SRP with several genotypic, phenotypic, and physiological traits, including genome size, cell volume, minimum doubling time, cell wall, and habitat, among others. Our analysis discovered 81 prophages in 51 strains, representing the 56% of the total evaluated strains. Prophages are non-uniformly distributed across the SRP phylogeny, where prophage-rich lineages belonged to Desulfovibrionaceae and Peptococcaceae. Furthermore, our study found 160 CRISPR arrays in 71 SRP, which is more abundant and widely spread than previously expected. Although there is no correlation between presence and abundance of prophages and CRISPR arrays at the strain level, our analysis showed that there is a directly proportional relation between cellular volumes and number of prophages per cell. This result suggests that there is an additional selective pressure for strains with smaller cells to get rid of foreign DNA, such as prophages, but not CRISPR, due to less availability of cellular resources. Analysis of the prophage genes encoding viral structural proteins reported that 44% of SRP prophages are classified as Myoviridae, and comparative analysis showed high level of homology, but not synteny, among prophages belonging to the Family Desulfovibrionaceae. We further recovered viral-like particles and structures that resemble outer membrane vesicles from D. vulgaris str. Hildenborough. The results of this study improved the current understanding of dynamic interactions between prophages and CRISPR with their hosts in both cultured and hitherto-uncultured SRP strains, and how their distribution affects the microbial community dynamics in several sulfidogenic natural and engineered environments.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of a questionnaire to evaluate clinical simulation in Health Sciences degrees. / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de un cuestionario para evaluar la simulación clínica en titulaciones de Ciencias de la Salud.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Jeffries questionnaire to assess perception, satisfaction and learning results in Clinical Simulation (QJSC) for students of Health Science degrees. METHOD: For the transcultural adaptation to the Spanish language of the QJSC questionnaire, the inverse method was applied with a back translation. Internal consistency analysis was performed to assess reliability, analysed with Cronbach's alpha, a value between 0.90 and 0.95 was considered acceptable. To establish the content validity, a factor analysis was performed, only items with factor saturations greater than 0.60 were considered for interpretation. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 19 programme. The administration of the questionnaire was carried out in 10 to 12 clinical simulation training sessions according to the subject programme with 10 to 12 students per session, for high-fidelity clinical simulation between 2017 and 2018, in a sample of 443 undergraduate students of the Health Sciences degrees corresponding to Nursing, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical Technology and Kinesiology in the Clinical Simulation Centres of the Coquimbo region, La Serena, Chile. RESULTS: The internal consistency level for QJSC was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.963. The data fulfilled the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria for adequate sample MSA (measure of sampling adequacy) of 0.981 with an acceptable minimum of 0.500. The data also met the requirements of the Bartlett sphericity test (χ2 = 53971, df = 561, p <.0001). The questionnaire showed a factorial structure of two factors which were named Active-Participatory Learning and Perception of Autonomy in learning. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the evidence on the validity and reliability of the scores for the Spanish version of the QJSC indicates that it is an adequate tool to evaluate the perception, satisfaction and learning outcomes of students in this teaching and learning methodology.

Release of formaldehyde during the biofiltration of methanol vapors in a peat biofilter inoculated with Pichia pastoris GS115

BACKGROUND: Methanol can be effectively removed from air by biofiltration (Shareefdeen et al., 1993; Babbitt et al., 2009 [1,2]). However, formaldehyde is one of the first metabolic intermediates in the consumption of methanol in methylotrophic microorganisms (Negruta et al., 2010 [3]), and it can be released out of the cell constituting a secondary emission. RESULTS: The total removal of methanol was achieved up to input loads of 263 g m−3 h−1 and the maximum elimination capacity of the system was obtained at an empty bed residence times of 90 s and reached 330 g m−3 h−1 at an input methanol load of 414 g m−3 h−1 and 80% of removal efficiency. Formaldehyde was detected inside the biofilter when the input methanol load was above 212 g m−3 h−1 . Biomass in the filter bed was able to degrade the formaldehyde generated, but with the increase of the methanol input load, the unconsumed formaldehyde was released outside the biofilter. The maximum concentration registered at the output of the system was 3.98 g m−3 when the methanol load was 672 g m−3 h−1 in an empty bed residence times of 60 s. CONCLUSIONS: Formaldehyde is produced inside a biofilter when methanol is treated in a biofiltration system inoculated with Pichia pastoris. Biomass present in the reactor is capable of degrading the formaldehyde generated as the concentration of methanol decreases. However, high methanol loads can lead to the generation and release of formaldehyde into the environment.

Release of formaldehyde during the biofiltration of methanol vapors in a peat biofilter inoculated with Pichia pastoris GS115

Background: Methanol can be effectively removed from air by biofiltration. However, formaldehyde is one of the first metabolic intermediates in the consumption of methanol in methylotrophic microorganisms, and it can be released out of the cell constituting a secondary emission. Results: The total removal of methanol was achieved up to input loads of 263 g m−3 h−1 and the maximum elimination capacity of the system was obtained at an empty bed residence times of 90 s and reached 330 g m− 3 h−1 at an input methanol load of 414 g m−3 h−1 and 80% of removal efficiency. Formaldehyde was detected inside the biofilter when the input methanol load was above 212 g m−3 h−1 . Biomass in the filter bed was able to degrade the formaldehyde generated, but with the increase of the methanol input load, the unconsumed formaldehyde was released outside the biofilter. The maximum concentration registered at the output of the system was 3.98 g m−3 when the methanol load was 672 g m−3 h−1 in an empty bed residence times of 60 s. Conclusions: Formaldehyde is produced inside a biofilter when methanol is treated in a biofiltration system inoculated with Pichia pastoris. Biomass present in the reactor is capable of degrading the formaldehyde generated as the concentration of methanol decreases. However, high methanol loads can lead to the generation and release of formaldehyde into the environment

Influence of intermittent aerobic performance on the variables of static and dynamic apnea performances / Influencia del rendimiento aeróbico intermitente sobre las variables de rendimiento de la apnea estática y dinámica

Over the last years, sport diving has become one of the most studied physical activities. Several physiological responses have been described and analyzed during immersions of static, dynamic, and deep apnea sessions. These analyses, and several others, have been focused mainly on the cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes that this activity produces. Objective: To determine the influence of aerobic performance of static and dynamic apnea before and after an out-water training based on the average velocity of a 12-minute test. Material and Method: Eight apnea scuba divers of the Chilean Navy were part of this study. The variables measured were: aerobic performance measured through a 12-minute test, static and dynamic apnea. The protocol used for the aerobic performance development was a study based on the average velocity of a 12-minute test. The statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test and the size of the effect with Cohen's d test. Results: The aerobic performance showed a significant increase between the pre and post-test (p < 0.001; size of the effect = 1.263). The static apnea did not show significant modifications (p > 0.05; size of the effect = 0.025). Lastly, the dynamic apnea showed a significant increase in both measurements (p < 0.05; size of the effect = 0.404). Conclusions: The result of the study showed that increasing the aerobic performance generates a rise in the distance of dynamic apnea. For that reason, it is suggested that apnea scuba divers perform out-water trainings based on the average velocity of 12-minute test as a complement to their immersion training

En los últimos años, el buceo deportivo se ha convertido en una de las actividades físicas más estudiadas. Dentro de estas investigaciones, se han descrito y analizado las respuestas fisiológicas corporales durante las inmersiones de apnea estática y dinámica. De forma específica, los análisis se han centrado principalmente en los cambios cardiovasculares y hemodinámicos que esta actividad deportiva produce. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del rendimiento aeróbico en la apnea estática y dinámica antes y después de un entrenamiento fuera del agua basado en la velocidad promedio obtenida a través del test de 12 minutos. Material y Método: Ocho buceadores de apnea perteneciente a la Escuela Naval de la Armada de Chile fueron parte del estudio. Las variables medidas fueron: rendimiento aeróbico a través del test de 12 minutos, apnea estática y dinámica. El protocolo usado para el desarrollo del rendimiento aeróbico fue basado en la velocidad promedio del test de 12 minutos. El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través de una t de Student y el tamaño del efecto con una d de Cohen. Resultados: El rendimiento aeróbico mostró incrementos significativos entre el pre test y el post test (p < 0,001; tamaño del efecto = 1,263). La apnea estática no mostró cambios significativos (p > 0,05; tamaño del efecto = 0,025). Finalmente, la apnea dinámica mostró incrementos significativos entre ambas mediciones (p < 0,05; tamaño del efecto = 0,404). Conclusiones: El resultado del estudio mostró que un incremento en el rendimiento aeróbico genera un aumento en la distancia alcanzada en apnea dinámica. Por tal razón, se sugiere que los buceadores de apnea realicen entrenamientos fuera del agua. Por último, los entrenamientos pedestres basados en la velocidad promedio de la prueba de 12 minutos, son un buen complemento del entrenamiento de inmersión

Comparison on the removal of hydrogen sulfide in biotrickling filters inoculated with Thiobacillus thioparus and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Emissions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by industrial activities is frequent cause of corrosion and unpleasant odours. Treatment of gaseous emissions contaminated with H2S by biotrickling filters inoculated with single cultures of sulfur oxidizer bacteria exhibit several advantages over physicochemical methods, such as shorter adaptation times and higher removal ability. Biofilms of Thiobacillus thioparus and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans have proved to exhibit high removal capacities, yet no comparative studies between them have been reported. This article reports the efficiency of biotrickling filters inoculated with T. thioparus and A. thiooxidans under similar conditions excepting the pH, that was the optimal for the bacterial growth, for the removal of H2S. The support was selected by determining the respirometric coefficients of the biomass. The maximum removal capacity of the biofilter inoculated with T. thioparus, operating within the range of pH (5.5-7.0) was 14 gS m-3 h-1, lower the value obtained for the biotrickling filter inoculated with A. thiooxidans; 370 gS m-3 h-1. Therefore, it is concluded that acid biotrickling filter inoculated with A. thiooxidans constitute the best strategy to remove H2S, with the advantage that the system not require an exhaustive pH control of the liquid media.