Neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal como hallazgo en paciente con pancreatitis / Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm as a finding in a patient with pancreatitis

Introducción: La neoplasia mucinosa intraductal papilar (NMIP) del páncreas es una masa quística dependiente del sistema ductal pancreático. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 65 años, femenino, antecedentes mórbidos de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sin tratamiento e hipertensión arterial esencial en tratamiento. Consulta por cuadro clínico de 9 horas caracterizado por epigastralgia opresiva/urente de inicio súbito, con irradiación en faja a dorso, intensidad EVA 10/10, asociado a náuseas, sin vómitos, diarrea ni fiebre. Ingresa hemodinámicamente estable, afebril, hidratada, sin signos de irritación peritoneal, sin masas palpables y con ruidos hidroaéreos presentes. Destaca en exámenes de laboratorio: amilasa 390 UI/L, lipasa 1760.9 U/L.Se diagnostica pancreatitis aguda y por sospecha de etiología biliar se realiza colangiopancreatografia por resonancia magnética (CPRM). Como hallazgo se describe formación quística de 13mm a nivel de la transición entre cuerpo y cola del páncreas, compatible con NMIP de rama secundaria y se diagnostica pancreatitis aguda leve Balthazar B de etiología litiásica. Se realiza manejo de la pancreatitis y debido a las características del NMIP encontrado el plan es seguimiento tomográfico en 2 a 3 años. Discusión: Las NMIP son hallazgos imagenológicos frecuentemente incidentales, pues la mayoría de los pacientes se mantienen asintomáticos. La característica imagenológica habitual corresponde a una lesión quística multilocular lobulada situada en el proceso unciforme y en contigüidad con el conducto pancreático principal dilatado. Según las características de la lesión, el manejo puede ser quirúrgico o seguimiento. Las tasas de supervivencia global a 5 años se acercan a 61-87%

Introduction: Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a cystic mass dependent on the pancreatic ductal system. Case report: Female, 65 years old, with morbid history of type 2 diabetes without treatment and essential hypertension under treatment. Consults by clinical profile of 9 hours characterized by oppressive/ burning epigastralgia of sudden onset, with irradiation in sash to back, intensity EVA 10/10, associated with nausea, without vomiting, diarrhea or fever. Is hemodynamically stable, afebrile, hydrated, with no signs of peritoneal irritation, with no palpable masses and with bowel sounds present. Highlights in laboratory tests: amylase 390 UI / L, lipase 1760.9 U / L. Acute pancreatitis is diagnosed and due the suspicion of biliary etiology a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is performed. A cystic formation of 13mm is described at the transition level between body and tail of the pancreas, compatible with branch duct type IPMN and acute mild pancreatitis Balthazar B of lithiasic etiology is diagnosed. Management of pancreatitis is performed and because of the characteristics of the IPMN found the plan is tomographic follow-up in 2 to 3 years. Discussion: IPMN are frequently incidental imaging findings, as most patients remain asymptomatic. The usual imaging characteristic corresponds to a lobulated multilocular cystic lesion located in the unicular process and in contiguity with the main dilated pancreatic duct. Depending on the characteristics of the lesion, the management may be surgical or follow-up. The 5-year survival rates approach 61-87%.

Persistent sepsis-induced hypotension without hyperlactatemia: is it really septic shock?

PURPOSE: The prognostic value of hyperlactatemia in septic shock is unquestionable. However, as current definitions do not include hyperlactatemia as a mandatory criterion, some hypotensive patients may be diagnosed as having septic shock despite exhibiting normolactatemia. The significance of persistent sepsis-induced hypotension without hyperlactatemia is unclear. Is it really septic shock? Our aim was to determine differences in outcome between patients diagnosed as having septic shock but exhibiting normal vs elevated lactate levels during evolution. We also explored the potential implications of including hyperlactatemia as an obligatory diagnostic criterion. METHODS: We performed retrospective analyses on a cohort of 302 septic shock patients. RESULTS: When we divided patients according to the presence of hyperlactatemia, 34% evolved without hyperlactatemia and exhibited a very low mortality risk (7.7% compared with 42.9% of those with hyperlactatemia). These patients also presented less severe organ dysfunctions and higher central venous O(2) saturation values, and required lower norepinephrine doses. The potential inclusion of hyperlactatemia in septic shock definition would reduce incidence in 34% but increase absolute mortality risk in 11%. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent sepsis-induced hypotension without hyperlactatemia may not constitute a real septic shock. Our results support the need to review the current definition of septic shock. Hyperlactatemia could represent an objective parameter worth to be explored as a potential diagnostic criterion for septic shock.

Impact of emergency intubation on central venous oxygen saturation in critically ill patients: a multicenter observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) has emerged as an important resuscitation goal for critically ill patients. Nevertheless, growing concerns about its limitations as a perfusion parameter have been expressed recently, including the uncommon finding of low ScvO2 values in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Emergency intubation may induce strong and eventually divergent effects on the physiologic determinants of oxygen transport (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) and, thus, on ScvO2. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the impact of emergency intubation on ScvO2. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter observational study, we included 103 septic and non-septic patients with a central venous catheter in place and in whom emergency intubation was required. A common intubation protocol was used and we evaluated several parameters including ScvO2 before and 15 minutes after emergency intubation. Statistical analysis included chi-square test and t test. RESULTS: ScvO2 increased from 61.8 +/- 12.6% to 68.9 +/- 12.2%, with no difference between septic and non-septic patients. ScvO2 increased in 84 patients (81.6%) without correlation to changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). Seventy eight (75.7%) patients were intubated with ScvO2 less than 70% and 21 (26.9%) normalized the parameter after the intervention. Only patients with pre-intubation ScvO2 more than 70% failed to increase the parameter after intubation. CONCLUSIONS: ScvO2 increases significantly in response to emergency intubation in the majority of septic and non-septic patients. When interpreting ScvO2 during early resuscitation, it is crucial to consider whether the patient has been recently intubated or is spontaneously breathing.