Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Bronchiectasis: Association with Clinical and Functional Features.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) states of adults with bronchiectasis with those of healthy controls and correlate inflammatory and OS levels with lung function and physical capacity. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design. Seventy-four adults with bronchiectasis (age: 49±15 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]: 52.5±25.6%) and 42 healthy controls (age: 44±17 years, FEV1: 95.9±14.0%) performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests and incremental shuttle walking tests. Their physical activity in daily life, inflammatory cytokine, and antioxidant levels in plasma were measured. RESULTS: Compared to that of the controls, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (p<0.001), IL-10 (p<0.001), carbonylated proteins (p=0.001), and superoxide anions (p=0.046) were significantly increased in adults with bronchiectasis. Catalase activity was also reduced in this group (p<0.001). The inflammatory markers IL-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α correlated negatively with aerobic capacity (r=-0.408, r=-0.308, and r=-0.207, respectively). We observed similar correlations with OS markers (thiobarbituric acid and carbonyls; r=-0.290 and r=0.379, respectively), and these markers also significantly correlated with the aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with bronchiectasis presented an increased systemic inflammatory response that correlated negatively with physical capacity.

Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in adults with bronchiectasis: association with clinical and functional features

OBJECTIVES: To compare the inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) states of adults with bronchiectasis with those of healthy controls and correlate inflammatory and OS levels with lung function and physical capacity. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design. Seventy-four adults with bronchiectasis (age: 49±15 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]: 52.5±25.6%) and 42 healthy controls (age: 44±17 years, FEV1: 95.9±14.0%) performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests and incremental shuttle walking tests. Their physical activity in daily life, inflammatory cytokine, and antioxidant levels in plasma were measured. RESULTS: Compared to that of the controls, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (p<0.001), IL-10 (p<0.001), carbonylated proteins (p=0.001), and superoxide anions (p=0.046) were significantly increased in adults with bronchiectasis. Catalase activity was also reduced in this group (p<0.001). The inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α correlated negatively with aerobic capacity (r=-0.408, r=-0.308, and r=-0.207, respectively). We observed similar correlations with OS markers (thiobarbituric acid and carbonyls; r=-0.290 and r=0.379, respectively), and these markers also significantly correlated with the aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with bronchiectasis presented an increased systemic inflammatory response that correlated negatively with physical capacity.

Uma sessão de exercício resistido dinâmico não induz hipotensão pós-exercício em ratas shr / A dynamic resistance exercise session does not induce post-exercise hypotension in female shr rats / Una sesión de ejercicio resistido dinámico no induce hipotensión post-ejercicio en ratas shr hembras

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício resistido dinâmico tem sido recomendado como complemento do aeróbico em indivíduos hipertensos. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliaram os efeitos do exercício resistido nessa população, principalmente em mulheres. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de uma sessão de exercício resistido dinâmico sobre a pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca e sobre o duplo produto em ratas SHR com hipertensão espontânea. Métodos: Foram utilizadas oito ratas SHR em fase não ovulatória do ciclo estral. Dois dias depois da canulação de artéria carótida, a pressão arterial foi diretamente registrada por 20 minutos no período basal e durante 60 minutos (5 min., 15-30 min., 30-45 min. e 45-60min.) após uma sessão de exercício resistido dinâmico em escada (20%-40% da carga máxima). Resultados: Não foram observadas mudanças na pressão arterial sistólica (basal 191 ± 6,1 vs. recuperação 45-60 min. 191 ± 7,8 mmHg), diastólica (basal 157 ± 2,6 vs. recuperação 45-60 min. 156 ± 3,7 mmHg) e média (basal 174 ± 2,5 vs. recuperação 45-60 min. 173 ± 4,9 mmHg) durante os 60 minutos pós-exercício. No entanto, houve redução da frequência cardíaca (45-60 min. 330 ± 10 vs. 379 ± 15 bpm) e normalização do duplo produto (64390 ± 3529 mmHg.bpm) no período de recuperação com relação ao período basal. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que o exercício resistido dinâmico de moderada intensidade induz redução da frequência cardíaca associada à normalização do duplo produto em ratas SHR apesar de não ter sido observada hipotensão pós-exercício. Tais resultados sugerem um bom controle do risco cardiovascular depois uma sessão de exercício resistido dinâmico de moderada intensidade em pacientes hipertensos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dynamic resistance exercise has been recommended as an aerobic complement in hypertensive individuals. However, few studies evaluated the effects of resistance exercise in this population, especially in women. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a session of dynamic resistance exercise on blood pressure, heart rate and the double product in SHR female rats with spontaneous hypertension. Methods: We used 8 female SHR rats in the non-ovulatory phases of estrous cycle. Two days after the carotid artery cannulation, blood pressure was recorded for 20 minutes at baseline and for 60 minutes (5 min.; 15-30 min.; 30-45 min. and 45-60min.) after one session of dynamic resistance exercise in a ladder (20-40% of maximum load). Results: There were no changes in systolic blood pressure (baseline: 191±6.1 vs. recovery 45-60min., 191±7.8 mmHg), diastolic (baseline: 157±2.6 vs. recovery 45-60min., 156±3.7 mmHg) and mean blood pressure (baseline: 174±2.5 vs. recovery 45-60min., 173±4.9 mmHg) during the 60 minutes post-exercise. However, there was a reduction in heart rate (45-60min. 330±10 vs. 379±15 bpm) and normalization of the double product (64390±3529 mmHg.bpm) in the recovery period compared to the baseline. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that moderate-intensity dynamic resistance exercise induces reduced heart rate associated with normalization of the double product in female SHR rats, despite the absence of post-exercise hypotension. These results suggest good control of cardiovascular risk after a dynamic resistance exercise of moderate intensity in hypertensive patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio resistido dinámico ha sido recomendado como complemento del aeróbico en individuos hipertensos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han evaluado los efectos del ejercicio resistido en esa población, principalmente en mujeres. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de una sesión de ejercicio resistido dinámico sobre la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardiaca y sobre el doble producto en ratas SHR hembras con hipertensión espontánea. Métodos: Se utilizaron ocho ratas SHR hembras en fase no ovulatoria del ciclo estral. Dos días después de la canulación de la arteria carótida, la presión arterial fue registrada directamente durante 20 minutos en el período basal y durante 60 minutos (5 min., 15-30 min., 30-45 min. y 45-60 min.) después de una sesión de ejercicio resistido dinámico en escalera (20%-40% de la carga máxima). Resultados: No se observaron cambios en la presión arterial sistólica (basal 191 ± 6,1 vs. recuperación 45-60 min, 191 ± 7,8 mmHg), diastólica (basal 157 ± 2,6 vs. recuperación 45-60 min., 156 ± 3,7 mmHg) y media (basal 174 ±2 ,5 vs. recuperación 45-60 min, 173 ± 4,9 mmHg) durante los 60 minutos posteriores al ejercicio. Sin embargo, hubo reducción de la frecuencia cardiaca (45-60 min. 330 ± 10 vs. 379 ± 15 bpm) y normalización del doble producto (64390 ± 3529 mmHg.bpm) en el período de recuperación con relación al período basal. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran que el ejercicio resistido dinámico de intensidad moderada induce reducción de la frecuencia cardiaca asociada a la normalización del doble producto en ratas SHR hembras, a pesar de no haber sido observada hipotensión post-ejercicio. Estos resultados indican un buen control del riesgo cardiovascular después de una sesión de ejercicio resistido dinámico de intensidad moderada en pacientes hipertensos.