Predicting the Invasion Risk by Anastrepha sororcula (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Distinct Geographic Regions.

The movement of endemic fruit flies to new habitats represents a major biological and economic threat. Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, 1979 is widely distributed in Brazil and also in Colombia, Ecuador, and Paraguay. Here, we present the potential distribution of A. sororcula in endemic areas and project this model into other regions such as part of sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, and Asia to show areas around the world that this species can potentially establish. We combined geographic coordinates with climate data. The models were built using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Many mango- and guava-producing countries exhibited climatic suitability for A. sororcula in the regions studied including the nine largest world producers: India, Brazil, Malawi, Kenya, Haiti, Cuba, Colombia, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Many of these countries showed ideal host plant availability and climatic conditions for the entry and establishment of A. sororcula. This study is a pioneer in the identification of representative areas in the world with climatic suitability for A. sororcula, which shows the importance of predicting areas at risk of invasion to monitor the movement and establishment of fruit fly species in new regions, which is fundamental to area-wide integrated pest management programs.

Fertility life table and biology of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the larvae of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Tetrastichus giffardianus is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of tephritids, including Ceratitis capitata, which is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of constant temperatures on the biology and development of the egg-adult period of T. giffardianus in larvae/pupae of C. capitata to construct a fertility life table. The study was carried out in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photophase of 12 h. Complete egg and larval development occurred only at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. The mean longevity of males and females was inversely proportional to temperature. The time of development of the pre-imaginal period was influenced by temperature and ranged from 41 days at 20°C to 11 days at 25°C. The best T. giffardianus performance occurred at 25°C when the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.21, the mean generation time was 20.43 days, the time required to double the population was 3.33 days, and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.23. The results of this study provided information for the establishment of mass rearing and an evaluation of the adaptability of T. giffardianus to different environments, which is necessary for the use of this parasitoid in the biological control of tephritid pests, particularly C. capitata.

Implementation of clinical pharmacy services using problematization with Maguerez Arc: A quasi-experimental before-after study.

RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES: The growth of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) has positively impacted clinical, economic, and humanistic health outcomes. However, detailed studies on the process of implementing CPS in healthcare systems are incipient. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the CPS implementation in certain public health units in a metropolis in northeast Brazil. METHODS: A quasi-experimental before-and-after study was carried out in Recife City, from July 2015 to March 2016. The study was carried out using the Methodology of Problematization with Maguerez Arc and was divided into: initial evaluation (before), planning, interventions, and preliminary evaluation (after). The participants were pharmacists, patients, health professionals, and local health managers. Descriptive statistics were used to report data. The statistical significance of the comparison between variables was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test (95% CI; P ≤ .05). RESULTS: Initial evaluation: Identified incipient CPS, a lack of structure and work process of pharmacists. Planning: Sixteen brainstorming meetings were held with the different actors resulting in a strategic plan. INTERVENTION: Twenty-two political-administrative meetings were held with managers and health teams and 768 hours of theoretical and practical training with mentoring for pharmacists. Preliminary evaluation: Structure indicators presented a statistically significant difference, differently from the process indicators. Pharmacists attended 842 patients and performed 1465 pharmaceutical consultations in 6 months. Regarding the outcome indicators, it was possible to identify changes in the clinical status of the most prevalent diseases among those patients who attended three pharmaceutical consultations. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to evaluate the CPS implementation in certain public health units in a metropolis in Brazil, through the Methodology of Problematization with Maguerez Arc. This methodology may be part of models for future implementations of CPS in health systems.

First report of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the parasitoid Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil

ABSTRACT We recorded for the first time the presence of the two fruit flies pests, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the parasitoid Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil. The specimens were collected in traps installed during June/2019 to February/2020. The fruit flies and the parasitoid species are widespread in the Brazilian mainland and have most likely been introduced accidentally in the archipelago.

Pupal parasitoids associated with Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a semiarid environment in Brazil

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests that affect the fruit-growing worldwide. In the northeastern Brazil, where a semiarid climate predominates and the production of tropical fruits for export is concentrated, some fruit flies, including Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are considered pests due to economic damage and quarantine restrictions. In several parts of the world, fruit fly population regulation is carried out with the support of hymenopteran parasitoids. In Brazil, some information exists about larval parasitoids of fruit flies, but little is known about pupal parasitoids of these tephritids, especially in Brazilian semiarid environments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the pupal parasitoids associated with C. capitata in a semiarid environment in Brazil. The parasitoid survey was carried out in a semiarid region in the states of Rio do Norte and Ceará. To obtain the parasitoids, pupae (sentinels) of C. capitata from the laboratory, Applied Entomology Laboratory of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, were exposed to natural parasitism in the field. Six parasitoid (Hymenoptera) species were obtained: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia simplex Perkins, Spalangia gemina Boucek, Spalangia leiopleura Gibson, and Spalangia impunctata Howard (Pteromalidae); Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Diapriidae). These are the first records of pupal parasitoids associated with the fruit fly C. capitata in Brazil.

Development and morphological characterization of the immature stages of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

ABSTRACT The gregarious endoparasitoid Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a natural enemy of fruit flies. This parasitoid was previously used to successfully control Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii, USA. Despite its importance in the control of fruit fly pests, little is known about the development or characteristics of its preimaginal stages. The aim of this study was to observe the development and morphologically characterize the immature stages of Tetrastichus giffardianus. Tetrastichus giffardianus individuals were reared on C. capitata larvae/pupae under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10%, and 12-h photophase. Third-instar C. capitata larvae were exposed to parasitism for 24 h. After parasitism, the pupae were dissected every 24 h to evaluate the stage of development attained by T. giffardianus, and to record their morphological characteristics. A stereomicroscope was used to observe all the immature stages of T. giffardianus. The complete development of T. giffardianus under these conditions was completed within 14 days as follows: egg (duration ≅ 1 day); first (≅ 1 day), second (≅ 1 day), and third (≅ 2 days) larval instars; pre-pupa (≅ 2 days); and pupa (≅ 7 days). The immature stages of T. giffardianus differed sufficiently in their shape, color, and size to allow morphological characterization.

Rearing technique and demographic parameters of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestre (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) / Técnica de criação e parâmetros demográficos de Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestre (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of frugivorous dipterans. In recent years, T. giffardianus has been detected parasitizing Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in different Brazilian semiarid sites. Thus, T. giffardianus has potential to be used in the biological control of C. capitata in semi-arid conditions. However, one of the factors limiting the use of this parasitoid is the lack of detailed information on rearing methods and bioecological aspects. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to demonstrate a rearing technique for T. giffardianus and to determine its population increase potential in laboratory. For this specimens of T. giffardianus were obtained in the field through of the collection of chestnut fruits (Terminalia catappa L. - Combretaceae) infested with C. capitata. The specimens obtained were used to adapt a rearing methodology for T. giffardianus under laboratory conditions (temperature: 25 ± 2ºC; relative humidity: 60 ± 10%; 12 h photophase). Information on demographic parameters for a T. giffardianus population was obtained using the same methodology. Based on the parameters evaluated, we found that the intrinsic rate of population increase of T. giffardianus was 0.34, the average time of one generation was 19.7 days, the population doubling time was 2.03 days and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.41. The demographic parameters obtained demonstrated that, with the rearing technique used, it is possible to maintain populations of T. giffardianus and enable them to multiply in laboratory.(AU)

Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é um endoparasitoide coinobionte gregário de dípteros frugívoros. Nos últimos anos, T. giffardianus tem sido detectado parasitando Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em diferentes locais do semiárido brasileiro. Assim, T. giffardianus tem potencial para ser utilizado no controle biológico de C. capitata nas condições do semiárido. Entretanto, um dos fatores limitantes para uso deste parasitoide é a falta de informações detalhadas sobre sua metodologia de criação e seus aspectos bioecológicos. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar uma técnica de criação para T. giffardianus e determinar seu potencial de crescimento populacional, em laboratório. Para isto, espécimens de T. giffardianus foram obtidos em campo, através da coleta de frutos de castanhola (Terminalia catappa - Combretaceae) infestados com C. capitata. Os exemplares obtidos foram utilizados para adaptar uma metodologia de criação para T. giffardianus em condições de laboratório (temperatura de 25 ± 2ºC, umidade relativa de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas). As informações sobre os parâmetros demográficos para uma populacional de T. giffardianus foram obtidas usando a mesma metodologia. Com base nos parâmetros avaliados foi constatado que a taxa intrínseca de aumento populacional de T. giffardianus foi de 0,34, o tempo médio de uma geração foi de 19,7 dias, o tempo de duplicação da população foi de 2,03 dias e a taxa finita de aumento populacional (λ) foi de 1,41. Os parâmetros demográficos obtidos demonstraram que, com a técnica de criação utilizada, é possível manter populações de T. giffardianus e multiplicá-las em laboratório.(AU)

Rearing technique and demographic parameters of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestre (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) / Técnica de criação e parâmetros demográficos de Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestre (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of frugivorous dipterans. In recent years, T. giffardianus has been detected parasitizing Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in different Brazilian semiarid sites. Thus, T. giffardianus has potential to be used in the biological control of C. capitata in semi-arid conditions. However, one of the factors limiting the use of this parasitoid is the lack of detailed information on rearing methods and bioecological aspects. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to demonstrate a rearing technique for T. giffardianus and to determine its population increase potential in laboratory. For this specimens of T. giffardianus were obtained in the field through of the collection of chestnut fruits (Terminalia catappa L. - Combretaceae) infested with C. capitata. The specimens obtained were used to adapt a rearing methodology for T. giffardianus under laboratory conditions (temperature: 25 ± 2ºC; relative humidity: 60 ± 10%; 12 h photophase). Information on demographic parameters for a T. giffardianus population was obtained using the same methodology. Based on the parameters evaluated, we found that the intrinsic rate of population increase of T. giffardianus was 0.34, the average time of one generation was 19.7 days, the population doubling time was 2.03 days and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.41. The demographic parameters obtained demonstrated that, with the rearing technique used, it is possible to maintain populations of T. giffardianus and enable them to multiply in laboratory.

Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é um endoparasitoide coinobionte gregário de dípteros frugívoros. Nos últimos anos, T. giffardianus tem sido detectado parasitando Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em diferentes locais do semiárido brasileiro. Assim, T. giffardianus tem potencial para ser utilizado no controle biológico de C. capitata nas condições do semiárido. Entretanto, um dos fatores limitantes para uso deste parasitoide é a falta de informações detalhadas sobre sua metodologia de criação e seus aspectos bioecológicos. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar uma técnica de criação para T. giffardianus e determinar seu potencial de crescimento populacional, em laboratório. Para isto, espécimens de T. giffardianus foram obtidos em campo, através da coleta de frutos de castanhola (Terminalia catappa - Combretaceae) infestados com C. capitata. Os exemplares obtidos foram utilizados para adaptar uma metodologia de criação para T. giffardianus em condições de laboratório (temperatura de 25 ± 2ºC, umidade relativa de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas). As informações sobre os parâmetros demográficos para uma populacional de T. giffardianus foram obtidas usando a mesma metodologia. Com base nos parâmetros avaliados foi constatado que a taxa intrínseca de aumento populacional de T. giffardianus foi de 0,34, o tempo médio de uma geração foi de 19,7 dias, o tempo de duplicação da população foi de 2,03 dias e a taxa finita de aumento populacional (λ) foi de 1,41. Os parâmetros demográficos obtidos demonstraram que, com a técnica de criação utilizada, é possível manter populações de T. giffardianus e multiplicá-las em laboratório.

Genetic structure and diversity in Brazilian populations of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), the West Indian fruit fly, is one of the most economically important pest species in the Neotropical region. It infests an extensive range of host plants that include over 60 species. The geographic range of A. obliqua is from northern Mexico to southern Brazil and includes the Caribbean Islands. Previous molecular studies have revealed significant genetic structure among populations. We used sequences from a fragment of the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase I to estimate structure and genetic diversity of A. obliqua populations from Brazil. We analyzed a total of 153 specimens from the Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes. Our study revealed weak genetic structure among the A. obliqua Brazilian populations sampled. Collections from the Amazon Forest had similar haplotype diversity compared to previously reported estimates for collections from the Caribbean and both populations are also closely related to each other, thus challenging the hypothesis that A. obliqua originated in the Caribbean and then moved to other regions of the Americas. Therefore, further evidence is necessary to draw a definite conclusion about the putative center of origin for A. obliqua. Additionally, we suggest a putative historical migration from the west to the east for the A. obliqua Brazilian populations, which could explain the high genetic diversity for this fly in the Amazon Forest and low genetic diversity in the other Brazilian biomes.

Perceived barriers to the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: CLinical pharmacy services (CPS) are professional services provided by pharmacists, who use their skills and knowledge to take an active role in patient health. These services have expanded in health systems around the world. However, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of factors that may hinder the implementation of CPS in health systems. OBJECTIVE: To identify pharmacists' and managers' perceptions of barriers regarding the implementation of CPS in some public health units in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: This is a qualitative study based on focus groups and semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews. Participants were health-system pharmacists and managers, selected based on their direct participation in the implementation process. Focus groups were carried out with the pharmacists, and interviews were carried out with managers. The audio and videos were transcribed verbatim in full, and were independently analyzed using content analysis. This study was approved by the Brazilian Committee of Ethics in Research and all participants signed informed consent forms. FINDINGS: There were two focus groups and five interviews. The discussions generated 240 minutes of recordings. The health-system pharmacists and managers expressed barriers were allocated into five categories to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of CPS; these barriers were related to: the local healthcare networks, the healthcare team, the pharmacists, the implementation process, and the patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the perceptions of barriers associated with the participants involved in the implementation of CPS in some public health units in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil. The barriers reflect the challenges to be overcome in the CPS implementation process in the health systems.

Does the high density of trichomes influence the parasitism of Liriomyza sativae by Opius scabriventris on melon cultivars? / A alta densidade de tricomas influencia no parasitismo de Liriomyza sativae por Opius scabriventris em cultivares de meloeiro?

Opius scabriventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is considered an important parasitoid of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the main melon (Cucumis melo L.) producing areas in Brazil. However, there is no information on the influence of trichomes on melon plant leaves on the parasitoids' actions. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to relate the influence of columnar trichome density on melon cultivars in the parasitism of L. sativae larvae by O. scabriventris. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions, in which melon cultivars were infested and the leafminer larvae were subjected to the parasitism. The results demonstrated that trichome density can influence the parasitism of L. sativae larvae by O. scabriventris. Among the studied materials, Piel de Sapo cultivar showed the highest density of trichomes in the leaves (534 trichomes/cm2) and the lowest parasitism (20%).(AU)

Opius scabriventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) é considerado um importante parasitoide da mosca-minadora Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) nas principais áreas de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, no entanto, não há informações se a densidade de tricomas das folhas do meloeiro pode influenciar a ação desses parasitoides. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a influência da densidade de tricomas colunares de cultivares de meloeiro no parasitismo de L. sativae por O. scabriventris. O trabalho foi realizado em condições de laboratório, em que os cultivares foram infestados e as larvas da mosca-minadora submetidas ao parasitismo. Os resultados demonstraram que a densidade dos tricomas pode influenciar no parasitismo de larvas de L. sativae por O. scabriventris. Entre os materiais estudados, o cultivar pele-de-sapo apresentou a maior densidade de tricomas nas folhas (534 tricomas/cm2) e o menor parasitismo (20%).(AU)

Does the high density of trichomes influence the parasitism of Liriomyza sativae by Opius scabriventris on melon cultivars? / A alta densidade de tricomas influencia no parasitismo de Liriomyza sativae por Opius scabriventris em cultivares de meloeiro?

Opius scabriventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is considered an important parasitoid of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the main melon (Cucumis melo L.) producing areas in Brazil. However, there is no information on the influence of trichomes on melon plant leaves on the parasitoids' actions. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to relate the influence of columnar trichome density on melon cultivars in the parasitism of L. sativae larvae by O. scabriventris. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions, in which melon cultivars were infested and the leafminer larvae were subjected to the parasitism. The results demonstrated that trichome density can influence the parasitism of L. sativae larvae by O. scabriventris. Among the studied materials, Piel de Sapo cultivar showed the highest density of trichomes in the leaves (534 trichomes/cm2) and the lowest parasitism (20%).(AU)

Opius scabriventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) é considerado um importante parasitoide da mosca-minadora Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) nas principais áreas de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, no entanto, não há informações se a densidade de tricomas das folhas do meloeiro pode influenciar a ação desses parasitoides. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a influência da densidade de tricomas colunares de cultivares de meloeiro no parasitismo de L. sativae por O. scabriventris. O trabalho foi realizado em condições de laboratório, em que os cultivares foram infestados e as larvas da mosca-minadora submetidas ao parasitismo. Os resultados demonstraram que a densidade dos tricomas pode influenciar no parasitismo de larvas de L. sativae por O. scabriventris. Entre os materiais estudados, o cultivar pele-de-sapo apresentou a maior densidade de tricomas nas folhas (534 tricomas/cm2) e o menor parasitismo (20%).(AU)

First record of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoids of African fig fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in the Caatinga biome / Primeiro registro de Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoides da Mosca-africana-do-figo Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), no bioma Caatinga

This study records the occurrence of eucoilines (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoids of the African fig fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in the Brazilian semi-arid Caatinga biome. We obtained from mango (Mangifera indica L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits Drosophilidae pupae, which developed into Z. indianus and two species of Eucoilinae parasitoids, Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead and Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton & Kelner-Pillaut). This is the first record of the parasitoids D. grenadensis and L. boulardi in the Caatinga biome.

Este trabalho relata a ocorrência de eucoilíneos (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoides da Mosca-africana-do-figo Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), no bioma Caatinga, semiárido Brasileiro. De frutos de manga (Mangifera indica L.) e goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) foram obtidos pupários de Drosophilidae dos quais emergiram Z. indianus e duas espécies de parasitoides Eucoilinae, Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead e Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton & Kelner-Pillaut). Este é o primeiro relato dos parasitoides D. grenadensis e L. boulardi no bioma Caatinga.

First record of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoids of African fig fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in the Caatinga biome / Primeiro registro de Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoides da Mosca-africana-do-figo Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), no bioma Caatinga

This study records the occurrence of eucoilines (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoids of the African fig fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in the Brazilian semi-arid Caatinga biome. We obtained from mango (Mangifera indica L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits Drosophilidae pupae, which developed into Z. indianus and two species of Eucoilinae parasitoids, Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead and Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton & Kelner-Pillaut). This is the first record of the parasitoids D. grenadensis and L. boulardi in the Caatinga biome.(AU)

Este trabalho relata a ocorrência de eucoilíneos (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitoides da Mosca-africana-do-figo Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), no bioma Caatinga, semiárido Brasileiro. De frutos de manga (Mangifera indica L.) e goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) foram obtidos pupários de Drosophilidae dos quais emergiram Z. indianus e duas espécies de parasitoides Eucoilinae, Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead e Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton & Kelner-Pillaut). Este é o primeiro relato dos parasitoides D. grenadensis e L. boulardi no bioma Caatinga.(AU)

Toxicity of insecticides used in melon crops to Opius scabriventris (Hymenoptera: braconidae) / Toxicidade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura do meloeiro para Opius scabriventris (Hymenoptera: braconidae)

Melon cultivation is an important agricultural activity in the Northeastern Region of Brazil. During its commercial cultivation, the melon crop is attacked by pests, mainly leafminers Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). To keep leafminer populations below an economic issue level, it is essential to adopt control measures such as spraying insecticides and biological control. However, there is little information on the toxicity of insecticides used in the melon crop against leafminers' natural enemies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides used in melon crops against the parasitoid Opius scabriventris, a natural enemy of leafminers from the genus Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae). The experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, using two bioassays: I - Contact of parasitoids with a recently sprayed surface; and II - Contact of parasitoids with a surface containing dried residues of the insecticides that were significantly toxic in the bioassay I. In both bioassays, the toxicity of the insecticides was evaluated by observing parasitoid mortality. In bioassay I, from eight insecticides tested, only Cartap hydrochloride and Abamectin + mineral oil were considered harmful (Class 4) and Deltamethrin showed to be slightly harmful (class 2). Only Abamectin + mineral oil was harmful (Class 4) to the parasitoid O. scabriventris in the bioassay II. These are the first results regarding the effect of insecticides used in the management of melon pests on the parasitoid of the leafminer fly O. scabriventris.

O cultivo do meloeiro é uma importante atividade agrícola na região Nordeste do Brasil. Durante seu cultivo comercial, o meloeiro é acometido por pragas, destacando-se as moscas minadoras Liriomyza sativae Blanchard e Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Para manter a população da mosca minadora abaixo do nível de dano econômico, é essencial a adoção de medidas de controle, como a aplicação de inseticidas e o controle biológico. No entanto, são escassas informações sobre a toxicidade dos inseticidas utilizados na cultura do meloeiro sobre os inimigos naturais da mosca minadora. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura do meloeiro sobre o parasitoide Opius scabriventris, inimigo natural de moscas minadoras do gênero Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae). O experimento foi conduzido em condições de laboratório, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando dois bioensaios: I ­ Contato dos parasitoides com superfície recém pulverizada e II ­ Contato dos parasitoides com superfície contendo resíduos secos dos inseticidas que foram tóxicos no bioensaio I. Nos dois bioensaios, a toxicidade dos inseticidas foi avaliada por meio da observação da mortalidade dos parasitoides. No bioensaio I, dentre os oito inseticidas avaliados, somente Cloridrato de Cartap e Abamectina + óleo mineral foram considerados nocivos (classe 4), e Deltametrina mostrou-se levemente nocivo (classe 2). No bioensaio II, apenas Abamectina + óleo mineral foi prejudicial (classe 4) ao parasitoide O. scabriventris. Estes são os primeiros resultados relacionados ao efeito de inseticidas utilizados no manejo de pragas do meloeiro sobre o parasitoide da mosca minadora O. scabriventris.

Thrips collected in watermelon crops in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Tripes coletados na cultura da melancia no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

The aim of this research was to report the occurrence of two species of thrips in watermelon crops in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. From August to September 2011, we performed weekly sampling of thrips in a commercial watermelon production area with 10,000m2, using 20 Moericke traps. We captured a total of 431 thrips, belonging to Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thripidae) and Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) (Phlaeothripidae). This is the first report of H. gowdeyi in watermelon crops in Brazil.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de duas espécies de tripes na cultura da melancia na região do semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Durante os meses de agosto e setembro de 2011 foram realizadas coletas de tripes semanalmente, em uma área de produção comercial de melancia de 10.000m2, utilizando-se 20 armadilhas Moericke. Foram capturados um total de 431 tripes, pertencente às espécies Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thripidae) e Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) (Phlaeothripidae). Este é o primeiro relato de ocorrência destas espécies no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte e o primeiro registro de H. gowdeyi na cultura da melancia no Brasil.(AU)

Thrips collected in watermelon crops in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Tripes coletados na cultura da melancia no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

The aim of this research was to report the occurrence of two species of thrips in watermelon crops in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. From August to September 2011, we performed weekly sampling of thrips in a commercial watermelon production area with 10,000m2, using 20 Moericke traps. We captured a total of 431 thrips, belonging to Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thripidae) and Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) (Phlaeothripidae). This is the first report of H. gowdeyi in watermelon crops in Brazil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de duas espécies de tripes na cultura da melancia na região do semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Durante os meses de agosto e setembro de 2011 foram realizadas coletas de tripes semanalmente, em uma área de produção comercial de melancia de 10.000m2, utilizando-se 20 armadilhas Moericke. Foram capturados um total de 431 tripes, pertencente às espécies Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thripidae) e Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) (Phlaeothripidae). Este é o primeiro relato de ocorrência destas espécies no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte e o primeiro registro de H. gowdeyi na cultura da melancia no Brasil.

Bioatividade de pós de espécies vegetais sobre a reprodução de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr. 1775) (Coleoptera: bruchidae) / Bioactivity of powders from plant species on reproduction of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr. 1775) (Coleoptera: bruchidae)

Os inseticidas de origem botânica têm-se mostrado uma alternativa promissora na redução de insetos que atacam grãos armazenados. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial inseticida de nove espécies vegetais na reprodução de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Folhas e ramos das plantas cumaru (Amburana cearensis), marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus), mussambê (Cleome spinosa), jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), angico (Anadenanthera macrocarpa), pereiro (Aspidosperma pyrifolium), mangirioba (Senna occidentalis), alfazema-brava (Hyptis suaveolens) e juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) foram secos e moídos, separadamente, até obter um pó fino e, posteriormente, aplicados sobre amostras de grãos de feijão-caupi (45 g) contidas em copos plásticos (100 mL). Cada amostra foi infestada com um casal recém-emergido de C. maculatus e registrada a oviposição de cada fêmea. Grãos infestados, mas sem adição de pó foram utilizados como testemunha. O estudo foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, em arranjo fatorial 9 x 2 + 1, correspondente às espécies de plantas, tipos de pó e testemunha, respectivamente. Para cada tratamento foi avaliado o número total de ovos por fêmea, o número de adultos emergidos e a razão sexual de C. maculatus. A sobrevivência dos adultos não foi afetada pela presença de pó quando comparada à testemunha. A média total de ovos variou entre 68,7 e 85,3 e não foi diferente entre os tratamentos. Contudo, grãos tratados com pó de folhas de mussambê e pó de ramos de juazeiro e pereiro tiveram a menor emergência de adultos (entre 68,1 e 70,9%). De forma semelhante, a razão sexual de C. maculatus foi reduzida em grãos tratados com pó de folhas de mussambê e pó de ramos das espécies jurema-preta, angico e pereiro com, aproximadamente, 40% de fêmeas a menos.

Botanical insecticides have been employed successfully against some stored product insects. In this study, the insecticidal potential of nine plant species was evaluated on the reproduction of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Leaves and stems of "cumaru" (Amburana cearensis), "marmeleiro" (Croton sonderianus), "mussambê" (Cleome spinosa), "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora), "angico" (Anadenanthera macrocarpa), "pereiro" (Aspidosperma pyrifolium), "mangirioba" (Senna occidentalis), "alfazema-brava" (Hyptis suaveolens) and "juazeiro" (Ziziphus joazeiro) were dried and ground, separately, into a fine powder which was thoroughly mixed with 45 g of cowpea beans in a plastic cup (100 mL). Each sample was infested with a pair of newly emerged C. maculatus and the numbers of eggs and emerged adults and sex ratio were registered. Infested cowpea grains without any powder were used as a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with five replicates in a factorial arrangement of 9 x 2 + 1, corresponding to plant species, types of powders and control treatment, respectively. Powders from different plant species have not significant effect on survival of C. maculatus adults when compared with the control. Similarly, the total number of eggs was not different between plant species studied and this number ranged between 68.7 and 85.3 eggs per female. However, powder from "mussambê" leaves or "juazeiro" and "pereiro" stems had the lowest adult emergence between 68.1% and 70.9%. With regard to sex ratio of C. maculatus, powder from "mussambê" leaves and that from "jurema-preta", "angico" and "pereiro" stems reduced the number of female emerged in approximately 40%.

First report of the infestation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss by Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Brazil / Primeiro relato da infestação de Azadirachta indica A. Juss por Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) no BrasilPrimeiro relato da infestação de Azadirachta indica A. Juss por Aonidiella orientalis (Newestead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) no Brasil

The infestation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) by scale insects of the species Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is reported for the first time. Leaves and twigs exhibiting signs of wilting were collected from the basal-interior parts of the canopy of neem trees that had been planted in the city of Limoeiro do Norte, located in the northeastern state of Ceará, Brazil. The identity of the oriental scale insect A. orientalis was confirmed by microscopic examination. The insect pest has not been observed previously in the northern states of Brazil, hence the present report is significant in that it focuses attention on the mobility of A. orientalis and on its potential to infest other plant species in that region.

A infestação de Azadiractha indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) pela cochonilha da espécie Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) é relatada pela primeira vez. Folhas e galhos exibindo sinais de murcha foram obtidos da parte basal interna da copa de árvores que haviam sido plantadas na cidade de Limoeiro do Norte localizada no estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil. A identidade dos insetos foi confirmada através de exame microscópico. Visto que esse inseto não havia sido observado antes nos estados do norte do Brasil, o presente artigo é importante, pois desperta a atenção para a mobilidade de A. orientalis e seu potencial para infestar outras espécies nesta região.

Biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on melon (Cucumis melo L.)

The leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is an important insect pest on melon crops in Brazil. However, the information about its biology on melon (Cucumis melo L.) is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this research was to know some biological aspects of this pest, reared on melon plants, under laboratory conditions at 25°C. Our results showed that the biological cycle of L. sativae lasts 15.9±0.04 days (egg-adult), namely: egg (2.7±0.01 days), larva (4.1±0.03 days) and pupa (9.1±0.03 days). The sex ratio is 0.51 and the females live (19.3±1.09 days) longer than males (16.2±0.96 days). These results can help in the integrated management of L. sativae on melon crops and improve the systems for rearing this leafminer in laboratory.

A mosca-minadora Liriomyza sativae Blanchard é uma praga importante em cultivos de meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) no Brasil. No entanto, as suas informações sobre biologia, em meloeiro, são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer alguns aspectos biológicos dessa praga, criada em plantas de meloeiro, em condições de laboratório a 25°C. As informações obtidas mostram que o ciclo biológico de L. sativae é de 15,9±0,04 dias (ovo-adulto), sendo: ovo (2,7±0,01 dias), larva (4,1±0,03 dias) e pupa (9,1±0,03 dias). A razão sexual é de 0,51 e as fêmeas vivem mais tempo (19,3±1,09 dias) que os machos (16,2±0,96 dias). Essas informações podem auxiliar na adoção de medidas de manejo integrado de L. sativae em cultivos de meloeiro e melhorar os sistemas de criação da mosca minadora em laboratório.