Autoetnografia crítica na educação física escolar: do estudo da experiência cultural à reconstrução da prática docente / Critical autoetnography in physical education classes: from the study of cultural experience to the reconstruction of teaching practice / Autoetnografía crítica en la educación física escolar: del estudio de la experiencia cultural a la reconstrucción de la práctica docente

A discussão deste texto, elaborada a partir de uma pesquisa de doutorado realizada em uma escola pública municipal do Rio Grande do Sul, tem por objetivo compreender como a autoetnografia crítica constitui um processo teórico-metodológico de pesquisa que permite reconstruir a prática docente. Para isso, apresentamos o aporte teórico-metodológico da autoetnografia crítica ao relacionar a pesquisa autoetnográfica com a fundamentação conceitual da teoria crítica. Na sequência, utilizamos narrativas de experiências docentes para identificar como os processos recursivos e reflexivos, ambos sustentados na reflexão crítica, têm implicações diretas na formação e na prática docente do pesquisador. Nas considerações finais, dialogamos sobre a autoetnografia crítica como experiência duplamente transformadora, pois envolve processos gradativos e simultâneos de leituras de mundo e reconstrução da prática docente que ocorrem ao longo da própria investigação. (AU)

The discussion of this text, elaborated from a doctoral research project carried out in a municipal public school in Rio Grande do Sul, aims to understand how critical autoethnography constitutes a theoretical-methodological research process that allows the reconstruction of the teaching practice. For this, we present the theoretical-methodological contribution of critical autoethnography by relating autoethnographic research with the conceptual foundation of critical theory. , We then use narratives of teaching experiences to identify how recursive and reflective processes, both supported by critical reflection, have direct implications for the researcher's teaching training and practice. In the final considerations, we discuss critical autoethnography as a doubly transforming experience, as it involves gradual and simultaneous processes of reading the world and reconstructing the teaching practice that occurred throughout the investigation itself. (AU)

La discusión de este texto, elaborado a partir de una investigación doctoral realizada en una escuela pública municipal de Rio Grande do Sul, pretende comprender cómo la autoetnografía crítica constituye un proceso de investigación teórico-metodológico que permite la reconstrucción de la práctica docente. Para ello, presentamos el aporte teórico-metodológico de la autoetnografía crítica al relacionar la investigación autoetnográfica con la fundamentación conceptual de la teoría crítica. En la secuencia, utilizamos narrativas de experiencias docentes para identificar cómo los procesos recursivos y reflexivos, ambos sustentados en la reflexión crítica, tienen implicaciones directas en la formación y práctica docente del investigador. En las consideraciones finales, nosotros discutimos la autoetnografía crítica como una experiencia doblemente transformadora, en tanto implica procesos graduales y simultáneos de lectura del mundo y de reconstrucción de la práctica docente que se dan a lo largo de la propia investigación. (AU)

Acute Cellular Rejection in Heart Transplant Patients: Insights of Global Longitudinal Strain, Myocardial Work, and an Exclusive Group of Chagas Disease.

Background: Echocardiographic markers associated with asymptomatic acute cellular rejection (ACR) in patients with orthotopic heart transplant (HT) are still under investigation. The aim of our study was to determine clinical and myocardial strain imaging (MSI) variables evaluated by echocardiography associated with ACR in the first year of HT. A separate analysis was performed to compare variables during the first 6 months of HT, when ACR has a prevalence in 60% of patients. Another analysis evaluated an exclusive population with Chagas disease as the cause of HT. Methods: We prospectively studied 67 patients with less than 1 year of HT, 36 patients without ACR (41% men, age 49 ± 12 years, 52% Chagas disease as the cause of heart failure), and 31 patients with ACR (59% men, age 55 ± 8 years, 74% Chagas disease as the cause of heart failure). Conventional echocardiographic measurements and MSI by global longitudinal strain (GLS) from the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle free wall (RV-FWLS) and myocardial work (MW) from the left ventricle were obtained by experienced echocardiologists. Clinical variables, such as the presence of diabetes, hypertension, and immunosuppressant drugs, were compared between groups. Results: HT patients with ACR were older and used more cyclosporine for immunosuppression. The positive ACR group had an increased relative wall thickness and LV mass index and similar LVGLS and RV-FWLS compared to the negative ACR group. Nevertheless, MW analysis observed increased global work efficiency (GWE) in positive ACR. Multivariate analysis identified older age, cyclosporine use, LV mass index, and GWE as independent predictors for detecting rejection. A separate analysis was performed for patients with less than 6 months of HT. Similar MSI was observed in both groups, with a trend for increased GWE in patients with ACR and significantly increased LV mass index in the ACR group. An exclusive group of Chagas patients as the primary cause of HT was analyzed, and similar MSI results for LVGLS, RV-FWLS, and MW were observed for both ACR and the no rejection groups. Additionally, the survival rates at 2 years were similar between the Chagas disease groups. Conclusion: LVGLS and RV-FWLS were similar between patients with or without ACR in the first year after HT. Conversely, GWE, a derivative of LVGLS, and LV mass index were increased in positive ACR and could be markers for rejection. Increased LV mass index was also found in a subgroup analysis of patients less than 6 months after HT; however, MSI was similar regardless of ACR. For chagasic patients, rejection in the first year did not increase mortality at the 2-year follow-up, and MSI parameters were similar between patients with or without ACR. In a multivariate analysis to predict ACR, the independent parameters in this study were older age, cyclosporine use, LV mass index, and GWE.

Hemostatic changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Differences between central venous catheters and arterio-venous fistulas.

BACKGROUND: Failure to mature the fistula in patients undergoing hemodialysis leads to prolonged use of the central venous catheter (CVC) and can compromise the patency of the catheter and the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) due to thrombus development. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hemostatic changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis with prolonged use of CVC or AVF. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with a total of 200 adult participants who were divided into the following groups: I:control; II: patients who had 5-8 months of CVC insertion; III: patients who had 9-36 months of insertion; IV patients who had 5-8 months of AVF; and V: patients who had 9-36 months of AVF. Platelet activation was investigated by expressions of GPIIb/IIIa and p-selectin using flow cytometry. The Elisa-thrombomodulin (TM) test was used to compare groups III and V. RESULTS: The p-selectin percentage expression of group I was 15.30 (12.30-16.80), II 23.25 (20.75-30.55); and III 54.00 (44.75-59.29) were significant (p < 0.001). Groups I, IV, and V were also significant (p < 0.001). The median fluorescence for GPIIb/IIIa for groups I, II, and III were significant (p < 0.0001). As for the Elisa test, an increased absorbance of TM was verified in patients who used the CVC 4372 (3951-4733) compared with those patients who used the AVF 2162 (1932-2485) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that CVC patients had a larger platelet expression of GPIIb/IIIa and p-selectin than AVF patients. The high concentration of TM in CVC patients may suggest a greater stimulation of the intrinsic than extrinsic coagulation pathways.

Multicomponent exercise training is effective in improving health and behavior indicators in Brazilian elderly women: A non-randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effects of a supervised 12-week Multicomponent exercise training on elderly women health and behavior indicators. METHODS: Anthropometric characteristics and body composition, functional capacity, sedentary behavior, physical activity level and biochemical profile were evaluated in the control group (67.2 ± 5.2 years, n = 14) and in the experimental group (67.4 ± 6.1 years, n = 41). The experimental group were composed by 41 elderly women who performed 12 weeks of Multicomponent exercise training involving strength, aerobic, flexibility and balance exercises. The inclusion criteria for the study were women aged 60 years or more and presentation of a medical certificate authorizing the practice of physical exercise. RESULTS: Maintenance of anthropometric characteristics and body composition was observed in both groups (p > 0.05). There was an improvement in aerobic capacity, lower and upper limb strength in the experimental group (p < 0.01), while the control group showed a reduction in aerobic capacity, lower limb strength, agility and dynamic balance (p < 0.01), as shown in Fi.gure 3. There was a reduction in sedentary behavior and an increase in physical activity level in experimental group (p < 0.05), but not in control group. Experimental group showed an improvement in glucose levels and lipid profile (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Multicomponent exercise training was efficient to improve health and behavior indicators of the elderly women.

Educação Física escolar e mediação pedagógica: uma revisão sobre a produção do conhecimento / School Physical Education and pedagogical mediation: a review of knowledge production / Educación Física escolar y mediación pedagógica: una revisión de la producción de conocimiento

Este artigo de revisão sistemática buscou compreender como a mediação pedagógica vem sendo compreendida pela literatura científica da Educação Física Escolar quanto à produção do conhecimento. Para tal, consultamos duas bases de dados nas quais identificamos 9 artigos que atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. Identificamos que a mediação pedagógica se apresenta fundamentada, com expressiva referência, nos estudos de Vygotsky, destacando-se a teoria sobre a zona de desenvolvimento proximal como suporte teóricometodológico aos processos de ensino e aprendizagens da Educação Física Escolar. Em vista disso, localizamos 3 palavraschave transversais aos estudos analisados (Comportamento, Sistematização do Conhecimento e Intervenção), a partir das quais estabelecemos categorias de análise e apresentamos as sínteses de nossas interpretações. Para esse diálogo, buscamos suporte na Educação Libertadora de Paulo Freire, o que nos permitiu sugerir pelo reposicionamento da mediação pedagógica na Educação Física Escolar na perspectiva da pedagogia do oprimido

This systematic review article sought to understand how pedagogical mediation has been understood by the scientific literature of Physical Education in terms of knowledge production. For this, we consulted two databases in which we identified 9 articles that met the established criteria. We identified that pedagogical mediation is based, with expressive reference, on Vygotsky's studies, highlighting the theory about the zone of proximal development as a theoreticalmethodological support to the teaching and learning processes of Physical Education at School. In view of this, we located 3 keywords transversal to the analyzed studies (Behavior, Systematization of Knowledge and Intervention), from which we established analysis categories and presented the summaries of our interpretations. For this dialogue, we sought support in the Liberating Education of Paulo Freire, which allowed us to suggest the repositioning of the pedagogical mediation in the School Physical Education in the perspective of the pedagogy of the oppressed.

Este artículo de revisión sistemática buscó comprender cómo la mediación pedagógica ha sido entendida por la literatura científica de la Educación Física en términos de producción de conocimiento. Para ello consultamos dos bases de datos en las que identificamos 9 artículos que cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Identificamos que la mediación pedagógica se fundamenta, con referencia expresiva, en los estudios de Vygotsky, destacando la teoría sobre la zona de desarrollo próximo como soporte teórico-metodológico a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Educación Física en la Escuela. Ante esto, ubicamos 3 palabras clave transversales a los estudios analizados (Comportamiento, Sistematización del Conocimiento e Intervención), a partir de las cuales establecimos categorías de análisis y presentamos los resúmenes de nuestras interpretaciones. Para este diálogo, buscamos apoyo en la Educación Liberadora de Paulo Freire, que nos permitió proponer el reposicionamiento de la.

Reconectar a educação física à escola: um desafio pós-pandêmico / Reconnecting physical education to school: a post pandemic challenge / Reconectar la educación física a la escuela: un reto post pandemia

Neste texto partimos da reflexão sobre os discursos higienistas atualmente utilizados no contexto social para legitimar a presença da Educação Física na escola em função de um cenário pandêmico. Por conseguinte, evidenciamos que tal discurso é incoerente com o que se espera da formação escolar, principalmente se observarmos os ataques sofridos pela Educação Física na escola e o fato de que esses discursos demonstram o retrocesso da área, marcado pela noção de Educação Física apenas como momento de fazer atividade física. Defendemos uma Educação Física escolar crítica, como possibilidade viável de reconectar a Educação Física, como área de conhecimento, à escola ­ objetivo deste ensaio.

The discussion in this article starts from the reflection on the hygienist discourses which are currently used in the social context and it mains to legitimize the presence of Physical Education at school in a pandemic scenario. We evidence that such discourse is inconsistent in relation to what is expected by school education, especially if we observe the the attacks suffered by Physical Education at school and the fact that these discourses demonstrate a step backwards, marked by the notion which consider Physical Education as time to practice a physical activity. The aim of this essay is defending critical school Physical Education as a viable possibility to reconnect this area of knowledge to the school.

Este estudio forma parte de la reflexión de los discursos higienistas actualmente utilizados en el contexto social para legitimar la presencia de la Educación Física en la escuela ante un escenario de pandemia. Por lo tanto, evidenciamos que tal discurso es incoherente con lo que esperamos de la formación escolar sobre todo si se observan los ataques sufridos por la Educación Físicaen la escuela y demostramos que estos discursos la regresión del área, marcada por la noción de Educación Física como tiempo para hacer actividad física. Defendemos la Educación Física escolar crítica como una posibilidad viable para reconectar la Educación Física, como área de conocimiento, a la escuela ­ objetivo de este ensayo.

Reconectar a educação física à escola: um desafio pós-pandêmico / Reconnecting physical education to school: a post pandemic challenge / Reconectar la educación física a la escuela: un reto post pandemia

Neste texto partimos da reflexão sobre os discursos higienistas atualmente utilizados no contexto social para legitimar a presença da Educação Física na escola em função de um cenário pandêmico. Por conseguinte, evidenciamos que tal discurso é incoerente com o que se espera da formação escolar, principalmente se observarmos os ataques sofridos pela Educação Física na escola e o fato de que esses discursos demostram o retrocesso da área, marcado pela noção de Educação Física apenas como momento de fazer atividade física. Defendemos uma Educação Física escolar crítica, como possibilidade viável de reconectar a Educação Física, como área de conhecimento, à escola ­ objetivo deste ensaio-

The discussion in this article starts from the reflection on the hygienist discourses which are currently used in the social context and it mains to legitimize the presence of Physical Education at school in a pandemic scenario. We evidence that such discourse is inconsistent in relation to what is expected by school education, especially if we observe the the attacks suffered by Physical Education at school and the fact that these discourses demonstrate a step backwards, marked by the notion which consider Physical Education as time to practice a physical activity. The aim of this essay is defending critical school Physical Education as a viable possibility to reconnect this area of knowledge to the school (AU).

Este estudio forma parte de la reflexión de los discursos higienistas actualmente utilizados en el contexto social para legitimar la presencia de la Educación Física en la escuela ante un escenario de pandemia. Por lo tanto, evidenciamos que tal discurso es incoherente con lo que esperamos de la formación escolar sobre todo si se observan los ataques sufridos por la Educación Físicaen la escuela y demostramos que estos discursos la regresión del área, marcada por la noción de Educación Física como tiempo para hacer actividad física. Defendemos la Educación Física escolar crítica como una posibilidad viable para reconectar la Educación Física, como área de conocimiento, a la escuela ­ objetivo de este ensayo (AU).

Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute limb ischaemia (ALI), the sudden and significant reduction of blood flow to the limb, is considered a vascular emergency. In the general population, the incidence is estimated as 14 per 100,000. Prognosis depends on the time it takes to diagnose the condition and begin appropriate treatment. Standard initial interventional treatments include conventional open surgery and endovascular interventions such as catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). Percutaneous interventions, such as percutaneous thrombectomy (PT, including mechanical thrombectomy or pharmomechanical thrombectomy) and ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT), are also performed as alternative endovascular techniques. The proposed advantages of PT and USAT include reduced time to revascularisation and when combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis, a reduction in dose of thrombolytic agents and infusion time. The benefits of PT or USAT versus open surgery or thrombolysis alone are still uncertain. In this review, we compared PT or USAT against standard treatment for ALI, in an attempt to determine if any technique is comparatively safer and more effective. OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for the initial management of acute limb ischaemia in adults. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov to 3 March 2021. We searched reference lists of relevant studies and papers. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared PT (any modality, including mechanical thrombectomy (aspiration, rheolysis, rotation) or pharmomechanical thrombectomy) or USAT with open surgery, thrombolysis alone, no treatment, or another PT modality for the treatment of ALI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected the studies, assessed risk of bias, extracted data, performed data analysis, and assessed the certainty of evidence according to GRADE. Outcomes of interest were primary patency, amputation rate, major bleeding, clinical success, secondary patency, and adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS: We included one RCT in this review. This study had a total of 60 participants and compared USAT with standard treatment (CDT). The study included 32 participants in the CDT group and 28 participants in the USAT group. We found no evidence of a difference between USAT and CDT alone for the following evaluated outcomes: amputation rate (risk ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 7.59); major bleeding (RR 1.71, 95% CI 0.31 to 9.53); clinical success (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.07); and adverse effects (RR 5.69, 95% CI 0.28 to 113.72). We rated the certainty of the evidence as very low for these outcomes. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence for amputation rate, major bleeding, clinical success, and adverse effects by two levels due to serious limitations in the design (there was a high risk of bias in critical domains) and by two further levels due to imprecision (a small number of participants and only one study included). The study authors reported 30-day patency, but did not report primary and secondary patency separately. The patency rate in the successfully lysed participants was 71% (15/21) in the USAT group and 82% (22/27) in the CDT group. The study authors did not directly report secondary patency, which is patency after secondary procedures, but they did report on secondary procedures. Secondary procedures were subdivided into embolectomy and bypass grafting. Embolectomy was performed on 14% (4/28) of participants in the USAT group versus 3% (1/32) of participants in the CDT group. Bypass grafting was performed on 4% (1/28) of participants in the USAT group versus 0% in the CDT group. As we did not have access to the specific participant data, it was not possible to assess these outcomes further. We did not identify studies comparing the other planned interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to assess the safety and effectiveness of USAT versus CDT alone for ALI for our evaluated outcomes: amputation rate, major bleeding, clinical success, and adverse effects. Primary and secondary patency were not reported separately. There was no RCT evidence for PT. Limitations of this systematic review derive from the single included study, small sample size, short clinical follow-up period, and high risk of bias in critical domains. For this reason, the applicability of the results is limited. There is a need for high-quality studies to compare PT or USAT against open surgery, thrombolysis alone, no treatment, or other PT modalities for ALI. Future trials should assess outcomes, such as primary patency, amputation rate, major bleeding, clinical success, secondary patency, and adverse effects.

The effects of zoledronic acid on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats: histological and microtomographic analyses.

PURPOSE: Periodontitis is considered a local risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). However, little is known about the progression of periodontitis in the presence of zoledronic acid (ZOL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the systemic use of ZOL on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats, as ZOL could modulate the progression of periodontitis and concomitantly cause MRONJ in individuals with periodontitis. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 6 groups (n=8 each). To induce EP, ligatures were placed around the right first mandibular molars. Three groups were treated with ZOL (0.15 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneal), and 3 with 0.9% saline solution (controls). In the ZOL/Lig30 and ZOL/Lig 15 groups, after 4 weeks of treatment with ZOL, EP was induced and euthanasia was performed after 30 and 15 days of EP induction, respectively. In both groups, the animals continued to receive ZOL after EP until the end of the experiment. In the Lig/ZOL group, EP was induced first, and 15 days later, ZOL was administered for 8 weeks, with euthanasia 1 week after the last dose. After euthanasia, the mandibles were evaluated using micro-computed microtomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry. Bone loss was measured, and the presence of osteonecrosis was evaluated histologically. The data were evaluated using the Student t-test and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: In the Lig/ZOL group, micro-CT revealed less alveolar bone resorption in the distal root (P<0.01) than in the control group (Lig/Con). Histomorphometric analysis confirmed less alveolar bone resorption in the Lig/ZOL group (P=0.001). Histologically, osteonecrosis was more common in the ZOL groups. CONCLUSION: ZOL decreased alveolar bone resorption in rats with EP. However, it presented a higher risk for MRONJ.

Accuracy of non-invasive methods/models for predicting esophageal varices in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease secondary to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

INTRODUCTION: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients can progress to cirrhosis. In these, there is a compensated stage in which esophageal varices can exist. However, no more than 20% of these patients have varices needing treatment (VNT). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy of non-invasive models to predict esophageal varices, as well as their performance to avoid esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with a risk of missing VNT of less than 5%, in Brazilian patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) secondary to NAFLD. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with biopsy-proven cACLD secondary to NAFLD were submitted to liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE), and data were collected to measure platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PSR), LSM-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score (LSPS), varices risk score (VRS), Baveno VI, Expanded Baveno VI and NAFLD cirrhosis criteria. RESULTS: The mean age was 61 (±6.6) years, and 81% were female; 14% presented VNT. For detection of VNT, LSPS and VRS performed excellently, with an area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.961 for both. LSM presented an AUROC of 0.889 and a cutoff point of 21.8 kPa. LSPS and VRS enabled sparing 75-80% of EGDs for VNT, with no risk of missing varices. Expanded Baveno VI enabled sparing 71% of EGDs, with 4.8% risk of missing VNT. CONCLUSION: LSPS and VRS performed excellently in both predicting VNT and sparing EGD, and Expanded Baveno VI showed good performance in sparing EGDs, with acceptable risk of missing VNT. An LSM cutoff point was established and had good performance.

Planejamento de ensino na educação infantil: percepções de professores de Educação Física escolar / Teaching planning in childhood education: perceptions of school Physical Education teachers / Planificación docente en educación infantil: percepciones de maestros de Educación Física escolar

Este estudo discute como professores de Educação Física escolar compreendem e elaboram o planejamento de ensino na Educação Infantil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com cinco professores de Educação Física, diplomados pela mesma instituição de ensino superior, que atuam na Educação Infantil da rede pública de um município da Região do Vale do Taquari/RS. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, cuja análise de conteúdo originou dois pontos de discussão: (i) planejamento de ensino: das dúvidas à desvalorização do plano de trabalho e (ii) planos de aulas: da busca por atividades às críticas sobre o Ensino Superior. Em conclusão, os professores percebem o planejamento de ensino como documento de fins burocráticos, cuja elaboração é marcada pela escolha de objetivos e seleção de atividades práticas e brincadeiras prontas. Nesse caso, desconsiderando o caráter político e utópico do planejamento e reduzindo o curso de graduação a uma formação técnico-instrumental.

This study discusses how school Physical Education teachers understand and elaborate teaching planning in the Childhood Education. It is a qualitative research carried out with five Physical Education teachers, graduated from the same higher education institution, who work in Public Elementary School in a municipality in the Region of Vale do Taquari/RS. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews, whose content analysis led to two points of discussion: (i) teaching planning: from doubts to the devaluation of the work plan and (ii) lesson plans: from the search for activities to criticisms about Higher Education. In conclusion, teachers perceive teaching planning as a document with bureaucratic purposes, whose elaboration is marked by the choice of objectives and the selection of practical activities. In this case, disregarding the political and utopian nature of planning and reducing the undergraduate course to technical and instrumental training.

Este estudio discute cómo los maestros de Educación Física entienden y elaboran la planificación de la enseñanza en la Educación Infantil. Esta es una investigación cualitativa realizada con cinco maestros de educación física, graduados de la misma institución de educación superior, que trabajan en la escuela primaria pública en un municipio de la región Vale do Taquari/RS. Las informaciónes se recopiló a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuyo análisis de contenido condujo a dos puntos de discusión: (i) planificación de la enseñanza y (ii) planes de lecciones. En conclusión, los maestros ven la planificación de la enseñanza como un documento con fines burocráticos, cuya elaboración és marcada por la elección de objectivos y la selección de actividades prácticas; sin tener en cuenta la naturaleza política y utópica de la planificación y la reducción del curso de pregrado para la formación técnica e instrumental.

Is arsenite more toxic than arsenate in plants?

In order to evaluate the differential absorption and toxicity of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), Lemna valdiviana plants were grown in a nutrient solution and subjected to 0.0 (control); 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0 and 7.5 mg L-1 of AsIII or AsV for three days. Exposure to both chemical forms resulted in As bioaccumulation, although AsIII-grown plants showed higher As content in tissues. In AsV-grown plants, the relative growth rate (RGR) decreased to 50%, at a concentration of 4.0 mg L-1, while for treatments with AsIII, the same decrease was observed at 1.0 mg L-1. The tolerance index decreased with increasing concentrations, with lower values for AsIII. Plants treated with AsIII showed increased superoxide anion levels, whilst higher levels of hydrogen peroxide were present in AsV-treated plants. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher for plants subjected to AsIII when compared to AsV at lower concentrations. Concentrations of 1 mg L-1 of AsIII and 4 mg L-1 of AsV showed equivalent MDA levels. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased at low concentrations and were inhibited at higher concentrations of AsIII and AsV, whereas peroxidase activity was positively modulated by increased AsIII or AsV concentrations. In conclusion, L. valdiviana plants took up and accumulated arsenic as AsIII or AsV, demonstrating the potential for phytoremediation of this metalloid. Furthermore, AsIII-exposed plants showed enhanced toxicity when compared to AsV, at the same applied concentration, although toxicity was more related to internal As concentrations, regardless of the chemical form applied.

Fibrin sealant repair of a double-necked femoral pseudoaneurysm.

OBJECTIVE: Pseudoaneurysms are rare, but femoral artery false aneurysms have increased in recent decades. METHODS: They are related to endovascular procedures performed on patients with increased risk for this complication. Pseudoaneurysms generally present with only one neck. This paper describes a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with two necks that occurred after an endovascular procedure and was successfully treated by duplex-guided fibrin sealant. RESULTS: Pseudoaneurysms are rare, but femoral artery pseudoaneurysms have increased with a discrepant incidence reported from 0.5% to almost 4%, mainly related to the increase of endovascular procedures in recent decades. CONCLUSIONS: The double-necked pseudoaneurysm identification was of utmost importance to guide the clinical decision-making and allowed good outcomes for the patient.

Fibrin sealant repair of a double-necked femoral pseudoaneurysm

SUMMARY Pseudoaneurysms are rare, but femoral artery false aneurysms have increased in recent decades. They are related to endovascular procedures performed on patients with increased risk for this complication. Pseudoaneurysms generally present with only one neck. This paper describes a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with two necks that occurred after an endovascular procedure and was successfully treated by duplex-guided fibrin sealant. Pseudoaneurysms are rare, but femoral artery pseudoaneurysms have increased with a discrepant incidence reported from 0.5% to almost 4%, mainly related to the increase of endovascular procedures in recent decades. The double-necked pseudoaneurysm identification was of utmost importance to guide the clinical decision-making and allowed good outcomes for the patient.

RESUMO Os pseudoaneurismas são raros, mas os aneurismas falsos da artéria femoral aumentaram nas últimas décadas. Eles estão relacionados aos procedimentos endovasculares realizados em pacientes com risco aumentado para esta complicação. Os pseudoaneurismas geralmente apresentam apenas um colo. Este artigo descreve um pseudoaneurisma da artéria femoral com dois colos que ocorreu após um procedimento endovascular e foi tratado com sucesso por selante de fibrina guiado por duplex. Os pseudoaneurismas são raros, mas os pseudoaneurismas da artéria femoral aumentaram com uma incidência discrepante relatada de 0,5% a 4%, principalmente relacionada ao aumento dos procedimentos endovasculares nas últimas décadas. A identificação do pseudoaneurisma de colo duplo foi de extrema importância para orientar a tomada de decisão clínica e permitiu bons resultados para o paciente.

Sobre a monocultura esportiva no ensino da educação física na escola / About the sportive monoculture in the teaching of physical education in school / Acerca de la monocultura esportiva en la enseñanza de la educación física en la escuela

A partir de uma etnografia, em que visamos compreender o processo de seleção dos conteúdos de três professores de Educação Física de uma escola pública gaúcha, emerge, de maneira significativa, o fenômeno do esporte na escola. A etnografia foi realizada durante um ano letivo inteiro, de intensificada observação participante, registros em diário de campo, diálogos, entrevistas e análise de documentos. Identificamos a hegemonia de um modelo esportivista, que privilegia o acesso de determinados grupos, destacando-se a formação de equipes, a representatividade da escola em eventos e a manifestação monocultural do futsal. Trata-se de uma seleção na qual os estudantes, de forma arbitrária, definem uma modalidade, a partir de seu gosto, e que é legitimada pelos professores, pela escola e pela comunidade.

From an ethnography where we intend to understand the process of selection of the contents of three Physical Education teachers of a public school in Rio Grande do Sul, the phenomenon of sports in the school emerge in a significant way. The ethnography was conducted in an entire school year, intensified participant observation, field diary records, dialogues, interviews and document analysis. We identified the hegemony of a sports model that privileges the access of certain groups, highlighting the formation of teams and the representativeness of the school in events and the monocultural manifestation of futsal. It is a selection where students, in an arbitrary way, define a modality, from their taste, and that is legitimized by the teachers, school and community.

A partir de una etnografía pretendemos comprender el proceso de selección de los contenidos de tres profesores de Educación Física de una escuela pública gaúcha, emergen de manera significativa el fenómeno del deporte en la escuela. La etnografía fue realizada en un año lectivo entero, de intensificada observación participante, registros en diario de campo, diálogos, entrevistas y análisis de documentos. Identificamos la hegemonía de un modelo deportivista que privilegia el acceso de determinados grupos, destacándose la formación de equipos y la representatividad de la escuela en eventos y la manifestación monocultural del futsal. Se trata de una selección donde los estudiantes definen una modalidad a partir de su gusto que es legitimada por los profesores, escuela y comunidad.

Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) results from an anomalous relationship between the popliteal artery and the myofascial structures of the popliteal fossa. The most common presenting symptoms include intermittent pain in the feet and calves on exercise, resulting in lameness. PAES can lead to popliteal artery thrombosis, stenosis, distal arterial thromboembolism, or arterial aneurysm. The treatment of PAES includes surgical exploration with fasciotomy, myotomy, or sectioning of fibrous band formation, to release the popliteal artery. However, in cases with thrombotic occlusion, thromboendarterectomy with venous patch arterioplasty, or venous graft arterial bypass surgery may be required. This report describes the presentation and surgical management of a case of PAES presenting with limb pain and includes a review of the literature on this condition. CASE REPORT A previously healthy 47-year-old woman presented with a 20-day history of sudden pain in the left lower limb, associated with pallor and a loss of arterial pulses below the knee. Angiography of the affected limb showed occlusion of the left supragenicular popliteal artery, with arterial occlusion, suggestive of arterial thrombus. Imaging of the right popliteal artery, which was not occluded, showed that it was medially deviated. An ipsilateral saphenous vein graft was used to bypass the left supragenicular popliteal artery to the infragenicular popliteal artery, resulting in resolution of the patient's symptoms. CONCLUSIONS PAES is rare and can be under-diagnosed, possibly due to lack of knowledge of this condition. However, if the diagnosis is made early, the prognosis is usually favorable, following appropriate surgical treatment.

Os conteúdos de ensino da Educação Física Escolar: um estudo de revisão nos periódicos nacionais da área 21 / Teaching content in physical education school: a review study in the area of 21 national journals / Contenido de la enseñanza en educación física escolar: un estudio de revisión en el área de 21 revistas nacionales

Este estudo de revisão teve como objetivo analisar a produção de acadêmica sobre o tema conteúdos de ensino da educação física escolar. Foram revisados periódicos da área 21 com extrato Qualis Capes de A2 a B4, postados até novembro de 2015, e selecionados 28 artigos que discutiam os conteúdos nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio de modo central. Mesmo propondo novas justificativas para confirmar a presença dos esportes na escola, bem como a importância de práticas corporais inovadoras, é fundamental atentar para o modo como os conteúdos são ­ ou não são ­ problematizados e analisar criticamente porque alguns conteúdos são selecionados em detrimento de outros. Ao final, são apresentados o multiculturalismo e as bases teóricas da pedagogia crítica como possibilidade de promover aprendizagens significativas e formalizar a cultura dos estudantes na escola.

This review study aimed to analyze the academic production on the subject of teaching content of school physical education. They reviewed journals in the field 21 with Qualis Capes extract from A2 to B4, posted until November 2015, and selected 28 articles that discussed the content in the final years of elementary school and high school in central mode. Even proposing new justifications to confirm the presence of sports in school, and the importance of innovative body practices, it is essential to pay attention to how the contents are - or are not - problematized and critically analyze why some contents are selected over others. At the end, we present multiculturalism and the theoretical basis of critical pedagogy as a possibility to promote meaningful learning and formalize the culture of students in school.

Este estudio de revisión tuvo como objetivo analizar la producción académica sobre el tema del contenido de la enseñanza de la educación física escolar. Se revisaron las revistas en el campo 21 con extracto de Qualis Capes de A2 a B4, publicados hasta noviembre de 2015, y se seleccionaron 28 artículos que discuten el contenido en los últimos años de la escuela primaria y la secundaria en el modo central. Incluso proponer nuevas justificaciones para confirmar la presencia del deporte en la escuela, y la importancia de las prácticas innovadoras del cuerpo, es esencial prestar atención a cómo los contenidos son - o no son - problematizada y analizar críticamente por qué algunos contenidos son seleccionados sobre los demás . Al final, presentamos el multiculturalismo y la base teórica de la pedagogía crítica como una posibilidad para promover el aprendizaje significativo y la formalización de la cultura de los estudiantes en la escuela.

Anestesia peridural: vantagens e desvantagens na prática anestésica atual / Epidural anesthesia: advantages and disadvantages in the current anesthesia practice

Estudos recentes foram realizados com o intuito de evidenciar vantagens no uso da anestesia peridural em diversas especialidades. Na cirurgia cardíaca, ela reduziu o risco de arritmias supraventriculares e complicações pulmonares sem influenciar diretamente na mortalidade, na incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio e de acidente cerebrovascular. Em procedimentos ortopédicos promoveu bom controle da dor pós-operatória, principalmente em cirurgias de correção de escoliose. Todavia, não teve impacto significativo em desfechos pós-operatórios. Nas cirurgias urológicas oncológicas não foi encontrada associação entre o uso do bloqueio peridural e a diminuição da recorrência tumoral. Houve redução do sangramento perioperatório e controle adequado da dor sem ocorrer, no entanto, alteração no tempo de internação hospitalar. Nas cirurgias torácicas, atualmente tem perdido espaço para o bloqueio paravertebral, que se mostrou igualmente eficaz e com melhor perfil de efeitos colaterais. Na população pediátrica, o bloqueio peridural se destaca frente às outras modalidades analgésicas, sobretudo em cirurgias de grande porte. O risco de complicações associadas diminui progressivamente com o aumento da idade e a execução da técnica sob anestesia geral ou sedação profunda é aparentemente segura. Em gestantes, a analgesia peridural permite alívio da dor e não há evidência de que aumenta a incidência de cesáreas, porém em situações de urgência o bloqueio subaracnóideo é preferido. Estudos que avaliaram a anestesia peridural em cirurgias abdominais verificaram retorno precoce do trânsito gastrintestinal, sem aumento na incidência de deiscência anastomótica. O uso do bloqueio em cirurgias laparoscópicas ainda é controverso.

Recent studies have been conducted to elucidate the advantages of using epidural anesthesia in several specialties. In cardiac surgery, it was shown to reduce supraventricular arrhythmias and pulmonary complications risk, without having a direct effect on mortality,myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events. Epidural anesthesia produced better pain control after orthopedic procedures, especially after scoliosis correction, however it has no significant impact in postoperative outcomes. No correlation between the use of epidural block and tumor recurrence could be found in urological oncological surgeries. Reduced bleeding and good pain control has been achieved without reduction on hospitalization duration. In thoracic surgeries, recently, it is being replaced by paravertebral block, which can be equally effective and with better collateral profile. Epidural anesthesia is preferable over the other analgesic modalities, in the pediatric population, especially for major procedures. The complications risk with its use reduces progressively with increasing age and the execution of the technique under general anesthesia or deep sedation is apparently safe. Epidural analgesia in parturients relief pain and there is no evidence on increasing cesarean rate, but in the emergency scenarios subarachnoid spinal anesthesia is still preferred. Studies have evaluated the epidural blockade in abdominal surgeries, it was shown to allow fast return of bowel movements without increasing the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Its use in laparoscopic surgery is still controversial.

Uterine cavity calcifications: a report of 7 cases and a systematic literature review.

We report 7 uterine cavity calcification cases and systematically review the literature on cases presenting this finding. In our series of cases, the mean age of patients was 31.6 ± 5.4 years, with an infertility period ranging from 2 to 8 years. None of our patients had a history of intrauterine contraceptive device use, and 3 had undergone operative termination of pregnancy. Diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy with complete removal of the calcifications was performed in all patients with fertility restoration in 5 of them. Our review included 35 articles published from 1989 to 2013 reporting endometrial calcification cases, with a total of 85 cases. Analyzed variables included patient age, abortion antecedents, clinical presentation, diagnostic method, treatment, and outcome. The mean age of the analyzed cases was 34.3 years, ranging from 19 to 62 years. Abortion antecedents were present in most patients (76.5%). The most frequently used diagnostic methods were ultrasound (88.5% of articles) and hysteroscopy (85.7%). Regarding the clinical presentation, infertility was the most common feature (72.9% of cases) followed by menstrual abnormalities (30.3%). Hysteroscopic removal, whether alone or combined with other techniques, was the most used method for the removal of osseous tissue (70.6% of cases) followed by curettage (27.1%). After removal of the bony fragments, 55.6% of the infertile patients achieved a pregnancy. A total of 14 cases reported relief of symptoms other than infertility. All of the data concerning outcome were stratified according to the treatment modality used. We conclude that endometrial calcifications in the uterine cavity are a relevant cause of secondary infertility, which can generally be properly diagnosed and treated through hysteroscopy, with successful restoration of fertility in most cases.