Bloqueo de la fascia transversalis versus bloqueo plano transverso del abdomen anterior ecoguiados en cirugía ambulatoria de hernia inguinal / Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block versus anterior transversus abdominis plane block in outpatient inguinal hernia repair

Introducción. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar la eficacia del bloqueo de la fascia transversalis (TFP) guiado por ultrasonografía en comparación con el bloqueo del plano transverso del abdomen (TAP anterior) para analgesia postoperatoria en pacientes programados para cirugía ambulatoria unilateral de hernia inguinal. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional de naturaleza retrospectiva en pacientes ASA I-II. Se establecieron 2 grupos (TAP-A y TFP), a los que se les administró 30ml de levobupivacaína 0,25% previamente a la incisión quirúrgica. La variable principal evaluada fue el dolor postoperatorio mediante la escala verbal numérica (EVN), en reposo y movimiento, a los 10, 30, 60, 90 min coincidiendo con la deambulación y a las 24 h mediante llamada telefónica. También se evaluó el nivel sensitivo de bloqueo alcanzado previamente a la cirugía, las necesidades de analgesia adicional requeridas, los efectos secundarios, la facilidad de realización de la técnica y el grado de satisfación de los pacientes con la técnica anestésica-analgésica. Resultados. Se incluyó a 61 pacientes: 30 pacientes en el grupo TAP-A y 31 en el grupo TFP. La eficacia analgésica obtenida en ambos grupos fue similar, aunque encontramos unos valores más altos de EVN en movimiento en el grupo TAP-A, que alcanzó la diferencia estadística a los 10 min (p=0,014) y 30 min (p=0,013) del postoperatorio. En el grupo TFP se alcanzó un nivel de bloqueo sensitivo más alto que en el grupo TAP-A (p<0,01). No hubo diferencias significativas en los requerimientos de analgesia adicional; la dosis acumulada de cloruro mórfico fue similar en ambos grupos en el periodo postoperatorio. Tampoco hubo diferencias en efectos secundarios ni en complicaciones. La facilidad técnica de realización del bloqueo fue similar en ambos grupos y el grado de satisfación de los pacientes, muy elevado. Conclusiones. Ambos bloqueos dentro de una estrategia multimodal proporcionan buena analgesia postoperatoria para cirugía de hernia inguinal, son fáciles de realizar y presentan escasas complicaciones. El TFP alcanza un nivel sensitivo más alto, pero no existen diferencias en los requerimientos de analgesia adicional (AU)

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block (TFP) compared to anterior transversus abdominis plane block (TAP-A) for post-operative analgesia in outpatient unilateral inguinal hernia repair. Materials and methods. Retrospective observational study conducted on ASA I-II patients. Two groups (TAP-A and TFP), which were given 30ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine prior to surgical incision. The primary endpoint was the post-operative pain evaluated by verbal numerical scale (VRN at rest and movement) at 10, 30, 60, 90min, coinciding with ambulation, and 24hours by telephone. An evaluation was also made of the sensory block level reached prior to surgery, the need for additional analgesia, side effects, ease of performing the technique, and the level of satisfaction of patients with the anaesthetic-analgesic technique. Results. A total of 61 patients were included, 30 patients in the TAP-A group and 31 in the TFP group. The analgesic efficacy obtained in both groups was similar, although some higher values were found in the VNR on moving in the TAP-A group, reaching statistical difference at 10minutes (P=.014) and 30minutes (P=.013) post-operatively. A higher level of sensory block was achieved in the TFP group than in the TAP-A group (P<.01). There were no significant differences in additional analgesia requirements, and the cumulative dose of morphine was similar in both groups in the post-operative period. There were no differences in side effects or complications. The technical ease of the block was similar in both groups and the level of satisfaction of patients very high. Conclusions. Both blocks with a multimodal approach achieve good post-operative analgesia of inguinal hernia repair, are easy to perform and have few complications. TFP achieves the highest sensory level, but there are no differences in the requirements for additional analgesia (AU)

Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block versus anterior transversus abdominis plane block in outpatient inguinal hernia repair. / Bloqueo de la fascia transversalis versus bloqueo plano transverso del abdomen anterior ecoguiados en cirugía ambulatoria de hernia inguinal.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block (TFP) compared to anterior transversus abdominis plane block (TAP-A) for post-operative analgesia in outpatient unilateral inguinal hernia repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study conducted on ASA I-II patients. Two groups (TAP-A and TFP), which were given 30ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine prior to surgical incision. The primary endpoint was the post-operative pain evaluated by verbal numerical scale (VRN at rest and movement) at 10, 30, 60, 90min, coinciding with ambulation, and 24hours by telephone. An evaluation was also made of the sensory block level reached prior to surgery, the need for additional analgesia, side effects, ease of performing the technique, and the level of satisfaction of patients with the anaesthetic-analgesic technique. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients were included, 30 patients in the TAP-A group and 31 in the TFP group. The analgesic efficacy obtained in both groups was similar, although some higher values were found in the VNR on moving in the TAP-A group, reaching statistical difference at 10minutes (P=.014) and 30minutes (P=.013) post-operatively. A higher level of sensory block was achieved in the TFP group than in the TAP-A group (P<.01). There were no significant differences in additional analgesia requirements, and the cumulative dose of morphine was similar in both groups in the post-operative period. There were no differences in side effects or complications. The technical ease of the block was similar in both groups and the level of satisfaction of patients very high. CONCLUSIONS: Both blocks with a multimodal approach achieve good post-operative analgesia of inguinal hernia repair, are easy to perform and have few complications. TFP achieves the highest sensory level, but there are no differences in the requirements for additional analgesia.

Utilidad del bloqueo canal aductor ecoguiado en cirugía ambulatoria de artroscopia de rodilla / Usefulness of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block in outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery

Introducción: Se han descrito numerosas modalidades analgésicas para el control del dolor postoperatorio en cirugía de rodilla, sin embargo no se ha encontrado la técnica analgésica ideal que proporcione una analgesia adecuada, preservando la función muscular y que permita una rápida recuperación funcional con escasos efectos secundarios. El bloqueo del nervio safeno a nivel del canal aductor ha mostrado su utilidad para reducir el dolor y los requerimientos analgésicos en cirugía de rodilla. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar la eficacia y seguridad del bloqueo canal aductor ecoguiado en pacientes programados para cirugía de artroscopia de rodilla en régimen ambulatorio. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, simple ciego, en pacientes ASA I y II, divididos en dos grupos: grupo ACB a los que se les realizó un bloqueo del canal aductor ecoguiado con 20 ml levobupivacaína 0,5 %, previo a la cirugía; grupo ID a los que se les realizó una anestesia intradural con bupivacaína hiperbara 0,5 %. Se evaluó la eficacia analgésica mediante la escala verbal numérica (en reposo y movimiento) a su llegada a URPA, a la 1ª, 2ª horas del postoperatorio, al alta de la unidad coincidiendo con el inicio de la deambulación y en domicilio a las 24 horas mediante llamada telefónica, se registró la analgesia de rescate administrada, los efectos secundarios, el bloqueo sensitivo, el grado de bloqueo motor y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes con la técnica anestésica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 pacientes, 10 en el grupo ID. La eficacia analgésica obtenida en ambos grupos fue similar, encontrándose diferencias significativas en los valores de EVN en movimiento a la llegada a la URPA y a las 24 horas en domicilio. El grupo ACB presentó valores de EVN en movimiento más altos a su llegada a la URPA, sin embargo el grupo ID presentó valores más altos a las 24 horas en el domicilio. Los requerimientos de analgesia adicional fueron ligeramente superiores en el grupo ID a partir de la 1ª hora del postoperatorio, llegando a ser estadísticamente significativo a la 2ª hora del postoperatorio. Mediante llamada telefónica a domicilio, a las 24 horas se encontró un mayor consumo de analgesia de rescate en este grupo (p < 0,05). No hubo diferencias en los efectos secundarios ni complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica regional ecoguiada. El grado de satisfacción de los pacientes con respecto a la técnica anestésica fue similar para ambos grupos.Conclusiones: El bloqueo del canal aductor es un bloqueo principalmente sensitivo, que puede ser de utilidad como adyuvante analgésico para el dolor postoperatorio de la cirugía ambulatoria de artroscopia de rodilla. Es una técnica novedosa, sencilla de realizar, con escasas complicaciones descritas y serán necesarios más estudios para investigar cuál es la concentración óptima y volumen de anestésico local necesario para realizar el bloqueo (AU)

Introduction: Numerous analgesic varieties have been described at the management of postoperative acute pain in knee surgery, however no regional anaesthetic techniques has so far been demonstrated to be ideal to provide sufficient analgesia with preserved muscle function and to enhance a quick functional recovery with minimal side effects. Saphenous nerve block at level on the adductor canal, it is a predominant sensory blockade, has proven useful in reducing pain and analgesic requirements in knee surgery. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block in patients scheduled for arthroscopic Knee surgery in outpatients. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, ASA I and II patients, divided into two groups: the ACB group who underwent ultrasound-guided adductor canal block with levobupivacaine 0.5 % 20 ml prior to surgery; and a ID group who realized a spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5 %. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated by a numeric verbal scale (at rest and in movement) at arrived URPA, at 1ª and 2ª hour post surgery, before return home coinciding with ambulation and through a telephone call to the patients home 24 hours post surgery, recording the rescue analgesia administered, the side effects, the sensory and motor blockade and degree of patient satisfaction with the anesthetic technique. Results: 20 patients were included, 10 in the ACB group and 10 in the ID group. The analgesic efficacy obtained in both groups was similar, finding statistically significant in the values of EVN in movement at arrived URPA and at 24 hours at home. The ACB group presented higher values of EVN in movement at arrived URPA, however the ID group presented higher values at 24 hours at home. The additional analgesia requirements were higher in the ID group from 1ª hour post surgery, becoming statistically significant at 2ª hour post surgery. The telephone call to the patients home, 24 hours post surgery evidenced an increased consumption of rescue analgesia in this group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the side effects or complications related to the regional ultrasound-guided technique. The degree of patient satisfaction regarding the anesthetic technique was similar in both groups.Conclusions: The adductor canal block is a predominant sensory blockade, it may be useful how adjuvant analgesia in reducing pain and analgesic require-ments in outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery. It is a novelty technique, a simple block to perform, with few complications, and future studies will be needed to investigate the optimal volume and concentration of local anesthetic necessary to perform the blockade (AU)

Total intravenous anesthesia for aortic aneurysm replacement surgery in a patient with limb-girdle dystrophy / Anestesia total intravenosa para sustitución de aorta ascendente por aneurisma en paciente con distrofia muscular de cinturas

We report the anesthetic management with total intravenous anesthesia of a 61-year-old male diagnosed with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy admitted for replacement of ascending aorta due to an aortic aneurysm. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy belongs to a genetically heterogeneous group of muscular dystrophies involving shoulder and hip girdles. Although the risk of malignant hyperthermia does not seem to be increased in these patients compared with the general population, the exposure to inhaled anesthetics and succinylcholine should probably be avoided because these patients have a predisposition to hyperkalemia and rhabdomyolysis. We chose to use total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil and muscle relaxants to reduce oxygen consumption, and later to reduce the doses of propofol and remifentanil. The combination of a carefully planned anesthetic strategy, anesthetic depth, and neuromuscular blockade monitoring is explained (AU)

Presentamos el tratamiento anestésico con anestesia total intravenosa de un varón de 61 años diagnosticado de distrofia muscular de cinturas para sustitución de aorta ascendente por aneurisma aórtico. La distrofia muscular de cinturas es un grupo genéticamente heterogéneo de distrofias musculares que afecta predominantemente la cintura escapular y pélvica. Aunque el riesgo de hipertermia maligna no parece estar aumentado en estos pacientes en comparación con la población general, la exposición a anestésicos inhalatorios y succinilcolina probablemente deba evitarse ya que existe una predisposición a la hiperpotasemia y rabdomiólisis. Utilizamos anestesia intravenosa total con propofol y remifentanilo, además de bloqueanttes musculares durante el procedimiento quirúrgico, para reducir el consumo de oxígeno y minimizar las dosis de propofol y remifentanilo. La combinación de una estrategia anestésica cuidadosa, monitorización de bloqueo neuromuscular y profundidad anestésica se describen a continuación (AU)

Black esophagus (acute esophageal necrosis) after spinal anesthesia / Esófago negro (necrosis esofágica aguda) tras anestesia subaracnoidea

Acute esophagic necrosis or black esophagus is an uncommon clinical entity that owes its name to the endoscopic view of the necrotic esophageal mucosa. It is always related with a critical medical condition and usually has an ischemic etiology. We report the first case of acute esophageal necrosis after a spinal anesthetic for partial hip joint arthroplasty. We discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms (AU)

La necrosis esofágica aguda o esófago negro es una entidad clínica infrecuente que debe su nombre al aspecto necrótico de la mucosa esofágica observado durante una endoscopia digestiva alta. Se relaciona siempre con estados clínicos de gravedad y su etiología es habitualmente isquémica. Presentamos el primer caso de necrosis esofágica aguda tras anestesia subaracnoidea para la realización de una artroplastia parcial de cadera. Se discuten los mecanismos fisiopatológicos subyacentes (AU)

Total intravenous anesthesia for aortic aneurysm replacement surgery in a patient with limb-girdle dystrophy.

We report the anesthetic management with total intravenous anesthesia of a 61-year-old male diagnosed with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy admitted for replacement of ascending aorta due to an aortic aneurysm. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy belongs to a genetically heterogeneous group of muscular dystrophies involving shoulder and hip girdles. Although the risk of malignant hyperthermia does not seem to be increased in these patients compared with the general population, the exposure to inhaled anesthetics and succinylcholine should probably be avoided because these patients have a predisposition to hyperkalemia and rhabdomyolysis. We chose to use total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil and muscle relaxants to reduce oxygen consumption, and later to reduce the doses of propofol and remifentanil. The combination of a carefully planned anesthetic strategy, anesthetic depth, and neuromuscular blockade monitoring is explained.

Black esophagus (acute esophageal necrosis) after spinal anesthesia.

Acute esophagic necrosis or black esophagus is an uncommon clinical entity that owes its name to the endoscopic view of the necrotic esophageal mucosa. It is always related with a critical medical condition and usually has an ischemic etiology. We report the first case of acute esophageal necrosis after a spinal anesthetic for partial hip joint arthroplasty. We discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Bloqueo transverso abdominal ecoguiado vs. infiltración de herida quirúrgica en cirugía ambulatoria de hernia inguinal / Transversus abdominis plane block ultrasound-guided vs. surgical wound infiltration in outpatient inguinal hernia repair

Introducción: recientemente se han descrito numerosos bloqueos periféricos a nivel abdominal. El bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal (TAP) ha mostrado su utilidad para reducir el dolor y los requerimientos analgésicos en cirugía de pared abdominal. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar la eficacia y seguridad del bloqueo TAP ecoguiado en comparación con la infiltración de la herida quirúrgica en pacientes programados para cirugía de hernia inguinal unilateral en régimen ambulatorio. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, simple ciego, en pacientes ASA I y II, divididos en dos grupos: grupo TAP a los que se les realizó un bloqueo TAP ecoguiado con 30 ml levobupivacaína 0,25 %, previo a la cirugía; grupo IH con infiltración de la herida quirúrgica con levobupivacaína 0,25 %. Se evaluó la eficacia analgésica mediante la escala verbal numérica (en reposo y movimiento) a los 10, 30, 60 y 90 min del postoperatorio, coincidiendo con la deambulación y en domicilio a las 24 h mediante llamada telefónica. Se registró la analgesia de rescate administrada, los efectos secundarios y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes con la técnica anestésica. Resultados: se incluyeron 41 pacientes, 20 en el grupo TAP y 21 en el grupo IH. La eficacia analgésica obtenida en ambos grupos fue similar, con mayor demanda de analgesia adicional en postoperatorio en el grupo IH a los 10, 30 y 60 min, llegando a ser estadísticamente significativo a los 60 min. Mediante llamada telefónica a domicilio, a las 24 h se encontró un mayor consumo deo (..) (AU)

Introduction: Recently numerous peripheral blocks have been described at abdominal wall. The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP), has proven useful in reducing pain and analgesic requirements in abdominal wall surgery. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ultrasound-guided TAP block compared to surgical wound infiltration in patients scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia surgery in outpatients. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, ASA I and II patients, divided into two groups: the TAP group who underwent ultrasound guided TAP block with 30 ml levobupivacaine 0.25% prior to surgery; and a IH group with surgical wound infiltration with levobupivacaine 0.25%. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated by a numerical verbal scale (at rest and in movement) in 10, 30, 60, 90 minutes post surgery, coinciding with ambulation and through (..) (AU)

[Evaluation of 2 invasive techniques for treating myofascial pain]. / Evaluación de dos técnicas invasivas en el tratamiento del dolor miofascial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of 2 invasive techniques for treating myofascial pain: trigger point acupuncture and 1% lidocaine infiltration of trigger points. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to 2 groups for evaluation at our pain clinic over a period of 7 months. Each patient had 4 treatment sessions. Response was evaluated on a visual analog scale (VAS) and by means of the Lattinen test. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled. Eleven underwent acupuncture and 10 received lidocaine infiltrations. When post-treatment pain was assessed, the mean (SD) VAS scores fell from 5.50 (2.08) to 2.45 (2.05) in the acupuncture group and from 4.8 (2.03) to 2.2 (1.91) in the lidocaine group. Lattinen test scores also fell, from 10.63 (2.69) to 8.54 (3.14) in the acupuncture group and from 10.9 (1.59) to 8.60 (2.63) in the lidocaine group. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Both acupuncture and lidocaine infiltration of trigger points were effective in reducing pain intensity after treatment and in improving quality of life. One method could not be shown to be better than the other for treating myofascial pain.

Evaluación de dos técnicas invasivas en el tratamiento del dolor miofascial / Evaluation of 2 invasive techniques for treating myofascial pain

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de dos técnicas invasivasen el tratamiento del dolor miofascial: punción depuntos gatillo con aguja de acupuntura e infiltración delos mismos con lidocaína al 1%.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se distribuyó a los pacientesaleatoriamente en ambos grupos, de los evaluados duranteun periodo de 7 meses en la Unidad del Dolor y quecumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se practicaron cuatrosesiones por paciente, evaluando la respuesta mediante laEscala Visual Analógica (EVA) y el test de Lattinen.RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes. Once fueronpinchados con aguja de acupuntura y 10 se infiltraroncon lidocaína. Se objetivó una disminución en la puntuaciónen la EVA al final de ambos tratamientos. Los valoresfueron 5,50 ± 2,08 disminuyendo a 2,45 ± 2,05 en elgrupo acupuntura, y 4,8 ± 2,03 disminuyendo a 2,20 ±1,91 en el grupo lidocaína. También se redujo la puntuaciónen el test de Lattinen de 10,63 ± 2,69 a 8,54 ± 3,14con aguja de acupuntura y de 10,9 ± 1,59 a 8,60 ± 2,63con lidocaína. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativaen ambas escalas (visual analógica y test deLattinen) entre ambas técnicas.CONCLUSIÓN: Tanto la punción con aguja de acupunturacomo la infiltración con lidocaína demostraron sereficaces en la disminución de la intensidad del dolor alfinal del tratamiento, así como en su influencia en lacalidad de vida, no pudiendo determinar en este grupode pacientes que un método sea superior a otro en el tratamientodel dolor miofascial(AU)

OBJETIVE: To assess the efficacy of 2 invasivetechniques for treating myofascial pain: trigger pointacupuncture and 1% lidocaine infiltration of triggerpoints.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who met theinclusion criteria were randomized to 2 groups forevaluation at our pain clinic over a period of 7 months.Each patient had 4 treatment sessions. Response wasevaluated on a visual analog scale (VAS) and by meansof the Lattinen test.RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled. Elevenunderwent acupuncture and 10 received lidocaineinfiltrations. When post-treatment pain was assessed,the mean (SD) VAS scores fell from 5.50 (2.08) to 2.45(2.05) in the acupuncture group and from 4.8 (2.03) to2.2 (1.91) in the lidocaine group. Lattinen test scoresalso fell, from 10.63 (2.69) to 8.54 (3.14) in theacupuncture group and from 10.9 (1.59) to 8.60 (2.63) inthe lidocaine group. There were no statisticallysignificant differences between the 2 treatment groups.CONCLUSION: Both acupuncture and lidocaineinfiltration of trigger points were effective in reducingpain intensity after treatment and in improving qualityof life. One method could not be shown to be better thanthe other for treating myofascial pain(AU)