mtDNA haplogroup A enhances the effect of obesity on the risk of knee OA in a Mexican population.

To evaluate the influence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the risk of knee OA in terms of their interaction with obesity, in a population from Mexico. Samples were obtained from (n = 353) knee OA patients (KL grade ≥ I) and (n = 364) healthy controls (KL grade = 0) from Mexico city and Torreon (Mexico). Both Caucasian and Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were assigned by single base extension assay. A set of clinical and demographic variables, including obesity status, were considered to perform appropriate statistical approaches, including chi-square contingency tables, regression models and interaction analyses. To ensure the robustness of the predictive model, a statistical cross-validation strategy of B = 1000 iterations was used. All the analyses were performed using boot, GmAMisc and epiR package from R software v4.0.2 and SPSS software v24. The frequency distribution of the mtDNA haplogroups between OA patients and healthy controls for obese and non-obese groups showed the haplogroup A as significantly over-represented in knee OA patients within the obese group (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.22-4.05; p-value = 0.008). The subsequent logistic regression analysis, including as covariate the interaction between obesity and mtDNA haplogroup A, supported the significant association of this interaction (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.24-5.32; p-value = 0.011). The statistical cross-validation strategy confirmed the robustness of the regression model. The data presented here indicate a link between obesity in knee OA patients and mtDNA haplogroup A.

Coccidioidomycosis Osteomyelitis of Distal Tibia in a Preschool Girl: A Case Report.

Introduction: Coccidioides immitis is a fungus that develops in endemic areas characterized by dry climates, with little rainfall and easy aerial dissemination. The most common form of infection is pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, although it is often asymptomatic. There are non-respiratory forms of this disease. Osteomyelitis is an extrapulmonary manifestation of C. immitis infection. Symptoms are usually nonspecific and radiographic findings are often confused with bone tumors. Treatment of coccidioidal osteomyelitis is often challenging. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 3-year-old preschool girl from an endemic area for coccidioidomycosis who presented with pain and swelling on her left ankle. Initially, antibiotic treatment is administered for a suspected insect bite. However, her symptoms worsened and X-rays showed a lytic-like lesión. She was admitted to the hospital for biopsy and drainage surgery. The histopathological study confirms coccidioidomycosis osteomyelitis. She was started on long-term anti-fungal treatment. At 6-month follow-up, symptoms and signs of infection have been solved and X-ray image shows evidence of bone healing. Conclusion: It is important to take into account aspects related to exposure to this fungus, such as the patient's place of residence and recent trips so that the diagnostic and therapeutic approach is appropriate. Coccidioidal osteomyelitis is an infrequent pathology, especially in patients without other comorbidities. Treatment is complex and often requires not only antifungal drugs but also surgical debridement.

Differential expression of mast cell granules in samples of metastatic and non-metastatic colorectal cancer in patients.

Various cell types participate in the tumor process, in which the mast cells have been described; however, the role they play in colorectal adenocarcinoma has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, the present work aimed to compare employing histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, the number of mast cells and the content of some cytoplasmic granules in moderately differentiated non-metastatic and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, analyzing tissue samples from patients. Histochemical techniques with Toluidine Blue (TBO), Periodic Schiff Acid (PAS), Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAB) and Alcian Blue/Safranin (ABS); as well as immunohistochemical reactions with anti-antibodies anti-Tryptase and anti-Chymase were applied to quantify total mast cells and content of some cytoplasmic granules. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V22.0 software (p ≤ 0.05). The degree of positivity of the reaction and degranulation of mast cells was reported in percentages. In our results, we observed that there are differences in the quantity and histochemical composition of the granules of mast cells (metastatic group PAS and ABS comparing the TBO reaction), as well as in the immunohistochemical composition between Tryptase and Chymase and the number of degranulated cells in both study groups (74 % degranulated mast cells in the metastatic group, 66 % integrate mast cells in the non-metastatic group). Therefore, we consider that the differences may be some of the probable factors that lead to metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Analyses of the Genetic Polymorphisms rs3740199 and rs1871054 of the ADAM12 Gene and the Alleles at the rs2073508 Loci of the TGFB1 Gene and Their Contribution to Susceptibility to Primary Knee Osteoarthritis.

Aims: To analyze the association of polymorphisms in the ADAM12 (rs3740199 and rs1871054) and TGFB1 (rs2073508) genes with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a population from northern Mexico. Methods: A total of 296 individuals were included in the study. Primary KOA was confirmed according to the criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. A real-time PCR-based DNA genotyping method was used to evaluate the rs3740199, rs1871054, and rs2073508 polymorphisms in 132 cases and 164 controls. Results: Our results demonstrate that the ADAM12 rs3740199 polymorphism was significantly associated with primary KOA under the recessive model (p = 0.036). However, after performing a multinomial logistic regression model, no significant association was found (p = 0.722). Furthermore, no associations for the rs1871054 and rs2073508 polymorphisms were observed in this study. Conclusion: These findings suggest that polymorphisms within the ADAM12 and TGFB1 genes may not have a significant influence on primary KOA susceptibility in the Mexican Mestizo population; however, inclusion of other ethnic groups and a larger sample size are needed to more fully analyze the role of these polymorphisms with KOA risk.

Analysis of Polymorphisms in the MATN3 and DOT1L Genes and CTX-II Urinary Levels in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in a Northeast Mexican-Mestizo Population.

Aims: To investigate the possible roles of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) MATN3 (rs77245812) and DOT1L (rs12982744) with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) among mestizos from the northeast region of Mexico. In addition, we analyzed the relationship of their urinary levels of carboxy terminal telopeptide of collagen type II (CTX-II) and the radiological grade of disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 223 individuals from a Northeast Mexico Mestizo population were included in this study: 110 patients with primary KOA and 113 healthy controls. Genotyping of the MATN3 (rs77245812) and DOT1L (rs12982744) SNPs was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: No association was found between the polymorphisms MATN3 (rs77245812), DOT1L (rs12982744), and the risk of developing KOA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42-6.48, p = 0.621) (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.35-11.5, p = 0.422). However, urinary CTX-II levels were considerably higher by radiographic grade. Conclusions: An increase in CTX-II per radiographic grade was observed in the case group, but no association was found between MATN3 and DOT1L genes and the risk of KOA in Mexican mestizos.

Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Primary Knee Osteoarthritis Patients.

AIMS: (1) To evaluate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA); and (2) to compare synovial fluid (SF) cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentrations and glycemic control parameters in patients with T2D, with and without primary KOA. METHODS: A total of 231 individuals were included in this study. Primary KOA was confirmed according to the criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. The presence of T2D was determined by medical history. In addition, fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed to confirm diabetic and nondiabetic status. RESULTS: Our results showed an association between T2D and primary KOA after covariate adjustments (OR = 3.755, p = 0.000024, 95% CI: 2.033-6.934). In addition, SF COMP levels were significantly higher in T2D groups with and without primary KOA (p = 0.00035; p = 0.001 respectively) when compared to nonT2D controls. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a strong association between T2D and primary KOA; in addition, the presence of T2D may have an influence in SF COMP levels in subjects with and without primary KOA. The glycemic control parameters and duration of diabetes may be useful as an indirect indicator of SF COMP levels to prevent the effects of chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and subsequent damage to the articular cartilage.

Factores de riesgo en osteoartritis de rodilla en una población mexicana de casos y controles / Facteurs de risque d'ostéoarthrite de genou dans une population mexicaine / Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in a Mexican population

Introducción: la osteoartritis de rodilla es uno de los trastornos articulares más comunes e incapacitantes del sistema musculoesquelético, que afecta a cualquier grupo étnico y ocasiona grados variables de discapacidad. Diversos factores de riesgo se han relacionado con el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad como son la edad, los factores genéticos, factores ocupacionales, traumatismos, la menopausia, diabetes mellitus, obesidad, el género, la mala alineación de las extremidades, entre otros más. La distinción de estos factores en forma individual o conjunta es importante con el fin de prevenir o diagnosticar y tratar en forma temprana la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y asociación de factores de riesgo con la osteoartritis de rodilla en población mexicana de casos y controles. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles analizando la asociación entre diferentes factores de riesgo y la osteoartritis primaria de rodilla, de febrero 2010 a febrero 2012. Se incluyó un total de 440 personas que fueron evaluadas por dos ortopedistas, estableciendo en 218 de ellas el diagnóstico de osteoartritis de rodilla sobre la base de los criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología y los criterios radiológicos de Kellgren y Lawrence. También se incluyeron 222 controles sanos. Resultados: en este estudio, la edad y la menopausia se asociaron como factores de riesgo significativos para el desarrollo de osteoartritis de rodilla (p= 0,00, OR 2,107, IC 95 por ciento 1,338-3,320; p= 0,002, OR 2,722, IC 95 por ciento 1,464-5,060, respectivamente). El tabaquismo se asoció como factor de protección en mujeres (p= 0,025, OR 0,408, IC 95 por ciento 0,186-0,892). Conclusiones: hasta nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer estudio de casos y controles en mexicanos, en el cual los resultados sugieren a la menopausia y a la edad como factores de riesgo en la probabilidad del desarrollo de la osteoartritis de rodilla(AU)

Introduction: knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common and disabling joint disorders of the musculoskeletal system that affects any ethnic group and causes diverse degrees of disability. Different risk factors have been related to the development and progression of the disease such as age, genetic factors, occupational factors, trauma, menopause, diabetes mellitus, obesity, gender and bad alignment of the extremities among others. The distinction of these factors in an individual or group form is important in order to prevent or diagnose and treat the disease and make an early diagnosis of it. Objective: to determine the frequency and association of risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in a case-control study in a Mexican population. Methods: a case-control study was performed by analyzing the association between different risk factors and the primary knee osteoarthritis from February 2010 to February 2012. A total of 440 people that were assessed by Orthopaedics were included establishing, in 218 of them, the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis according to The American College of Rheumatology and Kellgren-Lawrence radiologic criteria. 222 healthy controls were included as well. Results: in this study, age and menopause were associated as significant risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis (p= 0.00, OR 2.107, CI 95 percent 1.338-3.320; p= 0.002, OR 2.722, CI 95 percent 1.464-5.060, respectively). Smoking habit was associated as a protective factor in women (p= 0.025, OR 0.408, CI 95 percent 0.186-0.892). Conclusions: to our knowledge, this is the first case-control study in Mexicans which results suggest menopause and age as risk factors for the probability to develop knee osteoarthritis(AU)

Introduction: l'ostéoarthrite de genou est l'un des troubles articulaires les plus fréquemment trouvés, affectant n'importe quel groupe ethnique et provoquant différents degrés d'infirmité. Plusieurs facteurs de risque sont associés au développement et à la progression de la maladie, telles que l'âge, les facteurs génétiques, les facteurs occupationnels, les traumatismes, la ménopause, le diabète sucré, l'obésité, le sexe, la malformation des membres, etc. La distinction de ces facteurs de façon individuelle ou conjointe est importante, afin de prévenir ou diagnostiquer et traiter opportunément la maladie. But: déterminer la fréquence et la relation des facteurs de risque avec l'ostéoarthrite de genou dans une population mexicaine de cas et de témoins. Méthodes: une étude de cas-témoins pour analyser la relation existant entre différents facteurs de risque et l'ostéoarthrite primaire de genou a été réalisée de février 2010 à février 2012. On a inclus un total de 440 personnes (évaluées par deux orthopédistes), dont 218 ont été diagnostiquées d'ostéoarthrite de genou sur la base des critères du Collège américain de rhumatologie et des critères radiologiques de Kellgren et Lawrence. On a aussi inclus 222 témoins sains. Résultats: dans cette étude, l'âge et la ménopause sont associées comme facteurs de risque significatifs au développement de l'ostéoarthrite de genou (respectivement, p= 0,00, OR 2,107, IC 95% 1,338-3,320; p=0,002, OR 2,722, IC 95 pourcent 1,464-5,060). Le tabagisme est associé comme facteur de protection chez les femmes (p=0,025, OR 0,408, IC 95 pourcent 0,186-0,892). Conclusions: jusqu'à maintenant, c'est la première étude mexicaine de cas-témoins, dans laquelle ses résultats évoquent la ménopause et l'âge comme facteurs de risque de l'ostéoarthrite de genou(AU)