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1.
Viruses ; 16(2)2024 01 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38399957

RESUMO

In 2019-2020, dengue virus (DENV) type 4 emerged to cause the largest DENV outbreak in Paraguay's history. This study sought to characterize dengue relative to other acute illness cases and use phylogenetic analysis to understand the outbreak's origin. Individuals with an acute illness (≤7 days) were enrolled and tested for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR. Near-complete genome sequences were obtained from 62 DENV-4 positive samples. From January 2019 to March 2020, 799 participants were enrolled: 253 dengue (14 severe dengue, 5.5%) and 546 other acute illness cases. DENV-4 was detected in 238 dengue cases (94.1%). NS1 detection by rapid test was 52.5% sensitive (53/101) and 96.5% specific (387/401) for dengue compared to rRT-PCR. DENV-4 sequences were grouped into two clades within genotype II. No clustering was observed based on dengue severity, location, or date. Sequences obtained here were most closely related to 2018 DENV-4 sequences from Paraguay, followed by a 2013 sequence from southern Brazil. DENV-4 can result in large outbreaks, including severe cases, and is poorly detected with available rapid diagnostics. Outbreak strains seem to have been circulating in Paraguay and Brazil prior to 2018, highlighting the importance of sustained DENV genomic surveillance.


Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Doença Aguda , Genótipo , Surtos de Doenças
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422116

RESUMO

En Paraguay la enfermedad de Chagas es endémica, siendo el número de personas infectadas de aproximadamente 165.000 y la población expuesta del 30% según registros del 2012. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el ELISA Chagas test IICS V2.0 para tamizaje de la enfermedad en muestras de donantes de sangre. Se realizó un estudio transversal de pruebas diagnósticas, para lo que se incluyeron 775 muestras de suero provenientes de dos bancos de sangre, a partir de cuyos resultados se calculó la sensibilidad, valores predictivos positivo, negativo y la curva ROC. También se determinó la concordancia y correlación entre el ELISA Chagas test IICS V2.0 y un ELISA comercial. De las 775 muestras de bancos de sangre analizadas se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 99%, especificidad de 96%, VPP 96%, VPN 99% y un índice kappa igual a 0,95 (0,93-0,97) Error Estándar (EE) 0.01 y p>00001 y el área ROC igual a 0,9835. Con respecto a la concordancia con el test comercial, el índice kappa fue de 0,926 IC95% (0,888-0,976), p=0,00001 y el coeficiente de correlación r=0,971 IC95% (0,962-0.978) p=0,0001. Las concordancias obtenidas fueron muy buenas con respecto a la serología de las muestras de banco de sangre como la comparada con el test comercial, pudiendo utilizarse el kit de Chagas IICS V2 para el tamizaje de la enfermedad.


In Paraguay, Chagas disease is endemic, with approximately 165,000 infected people and 30% of the exposed population according to 2012 records. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ELISA Chagas test IICS V2.0 for screening of the disease in blood donor samples. We carried out a cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests, including 775 serum samples from two blood banks, and then calculating sensitivity, positive and negative values and the ROC curve. We also determined the concordance and correlation between the ELISA Chagas test IICS V2.0 and commercial ELISA. In the 775 blood bank samples analyzed, the Chagas ELISA test IICS V2.0 obtained a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 96%, PPV 96%, NPV 99% and a kappa index equal to 0.95 (0.93-0.97) Standard Error (SE) 0.01 and p>0.0001 and the ROC area equal to 0.9835. Regarding the concordance with the commercial test, the kappa index was 0.926 CI95% (0.888-0.976), p=0.00001 and the correlation coefficient r=0.971 CI95%(0.962-0.978) p=0.0001.The concordances obtained were very good with respect to the serology of the blood bank samples as compared to the commercial test, allowing the use of the Chagas IICS V2 kit for the disease screening.

3.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 769, 2021 Aug 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34364380

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dengue is one of the most important re-emerging viral diseases and the most common human arthropod-borne viral infection worldwide. Any of the four Dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to 4) can cause asymptomatic infections or clinical manifestations that range in severity from a mild, self-limited illness, to a severe disease characterized by a shock syndrome that can lead to death. Paraguay suffers periodic epidemic outbreaks of dengue since 1988 when the DENV-1 was introduced in the country. Epidemics caused by all four serotypes have been reported and the country. Although dengue is endemic in Paraguay, few studies have described the molecular epidemiology of DENV in the country, which is important to understand the local and global spread, as well as the evolution of this pathogen. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample. Suspected dengue patients of any age were recruited from the Emergency Laboratory of the Central Hospital of the Institute of Social Welfare, Asuncion, Paraguay, from February to June of 2011. A DENV antigen test was used to confirm the infection. The protein E gene sequences of isolated viruses were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Dengue was confirmed in 55.1% of the participants (n = 98/178). The most frequent clinical findings were fever, headache, and myalgia. Identity analyses of the protein E gene sequence of 56 viruses isolated showed the circulation of DENV-1 (n = 45) and DENV-2 (n = 11) in the Asuncion metropolitan area in 2011. Molecular epidemiology analyses suggest that DENV-1 was introduced into Paraguay from Argentina, while the DENV-2 from Brazil, replacing previous virus lineages. CONCLUSIONS: We have analyzed the molecular epidemiology of DENV-1 and DENV-2 isolated in Paraguay in 2011. We found strong evidence that DENV-1 was introduced into Paraguay from Argentina, while the DENV-2 from Brazil, replacing previous virus lineages. Molecular epidemiology studies are of great interest to analyze the dynamic of DENV spread, which are useful for early implementation of containment measures to reduce the risk of explosive epidemics caused by this virus.


Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Epidemias , Estudos Transversais , Dengue/epidemiologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Filogenia
5.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 102(3): 625-628, 2020 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31933462

RESUMO

Arboviral diagnosis has been complicated throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas by the recent co-circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). The aim of this study was to implement a multiplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV in Paraguay to test patients who were clinically suspected of having dengue. We tested 110 sera from patients who presented to the Hospital de Clínicas in 2016 and had testing for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1; 40 positive and 70 negative). Using a composite reference standard, we confirmed 51 dengue cases (46.4%): 38/40 NS1 positive and 13/70 NS1 negative. Chikungunya virus and ZIKV were detected in one sample each, both were DENV NS1 negative. The NS1 test demonstrated good agreement with rRT-PCR for DENV. However, multiplex rRT-PCR identified a subset of dengue cases and additional arboviral infections that would not be detected if NS1 assays are relied upon for diagnosis.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Dengue/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Criança , Dengue/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia
6.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 16(3): 35-43, dic. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-998341

RESUMO

La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad endémica con prevalencia mundial variable, cuyo agente causal es el parásito Toxoplasma gondii. Para un diagnóstico certero de la infección por T. gondii son necesarias combinaciones de métodos serológicos. Estudios recientes han reportado que la técnica de Western Blot permite evidenciar proteínas antigénicas como marcadores de la infección, así como ciertos perfiles proteicos como posibles indicadores de las fases de la infección, aguda y crónica. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el perfil antigénico específico asociado a las diferentes fases de la toxoplasmosis. Fueron incluidos en el estudio 55 sueros de embarazadas con toxoplasmosis, diferenciados en fase aguda y crónica de la enfermedad por medio del método de ELISA de Avidez de IgG. Mediante el método de Western Blot se observó que las proteínas antigénicas p35, p43, p45, p56 y p107 fueron reconocidas por el 20- 60% de los sueros de pacientes en fase aguda, mientras que p65, p95, p98 y p113 fueron reconocidas por el 17-35% de sueros de pacientes en fase crónica. Se observó que seis proteínas antigénicas, p32, p38, p41, p48, p59 y p72, fueron reconocidas por más del 60% de los sueros de pacientes tanto en fase aguda como crónica. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que estas seis proteínas podrían ser consideradas como marcadores diagnósticos de la enfermedad(AU)


Toxoplasmosis is an endemic disease with variable global prevalence, being the causative agent the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. For an accurate diagnosis of a T. gondii infection, combinations of serological methods are required. Recent studies have reported that the Western Blot technique allows the detection of antigenic proteins as markers of infection, as well as certain protein profiles as possible indicators of acute and chronic phases of infection. The objective of the study was to identify the specific antigenic profile associated with different phases of toxoplasmosis. Fifty five sera from pregnant women with toxoplasmosis were included in the study, differentiated in acute and chronic phase of the disease by an IgG Avidity ELISA. By using the Western Blot method it was observed that antigenic proteins p35, p43, p45, p56 and p107 were recognized by 20-60% of sera from patients in acute phase, while p65, p95, p98 and p113 were recognized by 17-35% of sera from patients in chronic phase. It was observed that six antigenic proteins, p32, p38, p41, p48, p59 and p72, were recognized by more than 60% of sera from patients in both acute and chronic phases. The results obtained in this study suggest that these six proteins could be considered as diagnostic markers of the disease(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Toxoplasmose/imunologia , Western Blotting , Antígenos de Protozoários , Ratos Endogâmicos , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Proteínas de Protozoários , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Doença Crônica , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida
7.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 15(3): 83-88, Dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-907830

RESUMO

La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad zoonótica de prevalencia mundial, causada por un parásito intracelular Toxoplasma gondii que infecta a los seres vivos y tiene como hospedador definitivo a los felinos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis y factores de riesgo asociados en mujeres en edad reproductiva no embarazadas que asistieron al Hospital Distrital de Lambaré, Paraguay. Se obtuvieron muestras de suero de 185 mujeres y se analizaron mediante ELISA Chagas IICS-UNA para la detección de anticuerpos IgG específicos contra T. gondii. Se utilizaron encuestas diseñadas para recoger datos demográficos y factores de riesgo. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi-cuadrado y OR (odds ratio) para establecer asociación entre las variables higiénicas, alimenticias y de conocimiento con la toxoplasmosis. De las 185 participantes, 117 presentaron IgG anti-T gondii, que representa una prevalencia de 63% IC95 (56,2-69,7%). El nivel de conocimiento fue el único factor de riesgo que se asoció en forma significativa con la serología positiva para toxoplasmosis. Aunque los demás factores de riesgo no alcanzaron significancia estadística, probablemente debido a la alta seroprevalencia en esta población, sin lugar a duda los mismos contribuyen en gran medida a la propagación de la infección.


Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide prevalence, caused by an intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii that infects living beings and has as its final host the felines. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated risk factors in non-pregnant reproductive age women attending the Hospital District of Lambaré, Paraguay. Serum samples were obtained from 185 women and analyzed by ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies specific for T. gondii. Surveys designed to collect demographic data and risk factors were used. Descriptive statistics were applied and chi2 and OR (odds ratio) were calculated for the analysis of hygienic, nutritional and knowledge variables. Of the 185 participants, 117 presented positive serology for anti-T. gondii IgG, yielding a prevalence of 63% IC95 (56,2-69,7). The level of knowledge was The only risk factor significantly related to to positive serology for toxoplasmosis. Although the other risk factors were not statistically significant, probably due to the high seroprevalence in this population, there is no doubt that they contributgreatly to the spread of the disease.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Saúde Pública , Toxoplasmose , Idade Gestacional , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
8.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 14(3): 7-13, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-869109

RESUMO

En Paraguay, el tamizaje serológico para la enfermedad de Chagas en bancos de sangre es necesario, por lo cual es importante un método diagnóstico con alta sensibilidad. El ELISA Chagas test IICS V.1 es un ELISA indirecto sensibilizados con antígeno soluble de epimastigote de T.cruzide la cepa Ypsilon. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño del ELISA Chagas test IICS V.1 en comparación con kits comerciales, ademásanalizar los resultados de la evaluación externa e interna de calidad del kit. En este estudio observacional de prueba diagnóstica se analizaron 56 muestras de suerospositivos y negativos para antígenos de Trypanosoma cruzi, testados por el ELISA BiosChile, obteniéndose una concordancia excelente entre el ELISA Chagas test IICS V.1y los kits comerciales: Chagatest ELISA-Wiener, con Índice kappa: 0,89 IC de 95% (0,76-1) y Test ELISA para Chagas III-Grupo BiosChile con Índice kappa: 0,92 IC 95% (0,82-1).En la evaluación externa de calidad realizada por la Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, Brasil en el periodo 2001 al 2012 se analizaron 450 muestras: 372 negativas y 78 positivas para T. cruzi, obteniéndose en dicha evaluación la calificación "A" que indica ausencia de falsos positivos y negativos. Además, en el mismo periodo los valores del control interno se encontraron dentro del rango permitido de ±2DS. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio demuestran la alta calidad de este test de producción nacional, que sumado al bajo costo del mismo, pueden ser utilizados en trabajos de campo, donde no necesita de instrumentación y las lecturas pueden realizarse a simple vista, constituyendo una herramienta válida y útil para el apoyo al diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas.


In Paraguay, the serological screening for Chagas disease is mandatory in pregnant women and blood banks, therefore a high sensitivity diagnostic method is required. The aimof this study was to evaluate the ELISA Chagas test IICS V.1 by comparison with commercial kits and to analyze the external and internal quality evaluation results. In this descriptive observational study, 56 seropositive and seronegative to Trypanosoma cruzisamples were analyzed, obtaining an excellent concordance between the ELISA Chagas test IICS V.1 and these commercial kits: Chagatest ELISA-Wiener, Argentina (kappa index:0.89) and Test ELISA Chagas III-Grupo Bios, Chile (kappa index: 0.92).In the externalquality assessment carried out by the Fundação Pró-Sangue /Blood Center of São Paulo,Brazil in the period 2001 to 2012, 450 samples were analyzed: 372 seronegative and 78seropositive for T. cruzi. In this evaluation, an “A” score was obtained indicating theabsence of false positives and negatives. Additionally, in the same period of time theinternal control values were within the accepted range of ± 2SD, with a confidence intervalof 95%. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the high quality of this locally produced test which added to its low cost, making it a valid and useful tool tosupport the diagnosis of Chagas disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Chagas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática
9.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 14(2): 68-74, ago. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-869087

RESUMO

El dengue constituye una de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos más importante a nivel mundial. La enfermedad puede cursar con un cuadro asintomático, presentarse con un amplio rango de manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas o cierto porcentaje puede derivar en casos graves. Este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transverso tuvo como objetivo determinar las características clínicas, parámetros hematológicos y presencia de IgM en 92 pacientes que acudieron al IICS-UNA con sospecha clínica de dengue en el periodo 2009 al 2013. Se utilizó el MAC-ELISA desarrollado en el IICS-UNA, se registraron los datos clínicos-epidemiológicos a través de una encuesta y se determinaron los parámetros hematológicos. Se obtuvieron resultados positivos para IgM en 51/92 (55%) pacientes y resultados negativos en 41/92 (45%). Las características clínicas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre, cefalea, mialgias y artralgias. Entre los pacientes con IgM positiva, 14/51 (27%) manifestaron dolores abdominales, 19/51 (37%) reportaron letargo o postración y 20/51 (39%) declararon tener náuseas y/o vómitos, 4/51 (8%) presentaron leucopenia, 10/51 (20%) valores de hematocrito disminuido y 6/51 (12%) plaquetopenia. Sólo 13/92 (14%) pacientes declararon haber cursado con la enfermedad anteriormente. Del total de pacientes, 4/92 (4%) manifestaron haber presentado algún tipo de hemorragia. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio refuerzan la importancia de integrar todos los parámetros posibles: detección de IgM, perfil hematológico y la clínica del paciente con sospecha de dengue para brindar un mejor diagnóstico. Así también, es necesario resaltar en cuanto a los signos de alarma para una intervención rápida a fin de evitar complicaciones.


Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. The disease may present as asymptomatic, with a wide range of non-specific clinical manifestations or acertain percentage can result in severe cases. This observational, descriptive, crosssectional study aimed to determine the clinical features, hematological parameters and the presence of IgM in 92 patients who attended to IICS-UNA with clinical suspicion of denguefrom 2009 to 2013. The MAC-ELISA developed at IICS-UNA was used, clinical and epidemiological data were recorded through a survey and hematological parameters were determined. Positive results for IgM in 51/92 (55%) patients were obtained and negative results in 41/92 (45%). The most frequent clinical features were fever, headache, muscleand joint pains. Among patients with positive IgM, 14/51 (27%) reported abdominal pain,19/51 (37%) reported lethargy or prostration and 20/51 (39%) reported having nausea and/or vomiting, 4/51(8%) had leucopenia, 10/51 (20%) decreased hematocrit values and6/51 (12%) presented thrombocytopenia. Only 13/92 (14%) patients reported a previous DENV infection. Of the total, 4/92 (4%) presented some type of bleeding. The results of thestudy reinforce the importance of integrating all possible parameters: IgM detection, hematological and clinical profile of patients with suspected dengue to provide better diagnosis. It is also necessary to emphasize warning signs for a quick intervention to avoid complications.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Dengue/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Saúde Pública , Sinais e Sintomas
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 32(6): 658-663, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-773272

RESUMO

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease; it can cause decreased vision or even blindness. The route of transmission in humans may vary according to the habits of the region; probably the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat is the main source of infection. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in an eye clinic, the frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and risk habits for acquiring the infection. Materials and Methods: Adult patients consulting in the Retina Department of the Teaching Hospital of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguay between August and September, 2014 were included. Prior informed consent, socio-demographic and epidemiological data related to T. gondii infection were obtained. In addition a blood sample for the determination of anti T. gondii IgG antibodies by the ELISA method was taken and ophthalmologic evaluation for the diagnosis of OT was made. Results: A total of 80 patients with mean ± SD age of 53 ± 20 years were studied, with slight predominance of women (55%). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 84% (67/80) and OT was detected in 8.9% of the 67 seropositive persons. The habit of not washing vegetables with sodium hypochlorite and eat meat from wild animals was related to higher risk of infection in this population. Conclusion: It is important to conduct research at the population level to establish the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in our country. Information on prophylactic measures to prevent infection by T. gondii should be given to the population.


Introducción: La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad de distribución mundial, que puede ocasionar disminución de la visión hasta ceguera. La vía de transmisión en el hombre puede variar de acuerdo a los hábitos de cada región, siendo probablemente la ingestión de carne cruda o mal cocida la principal vía de contagio. Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis en una clínica oftalmológica, la frecuencia de toxoplasmosis ocular (TO) y los hábitos de riesgo para adquirir la enfermedad. Pacientes y Métodos: Fueron incluidos 80 pacientes adultos que consultaron en el Departamento de Retina de la Cátedra de Oftalmología del Hospital de Clínicas entre agosto y septiembre de 2014. Previo consentimiento informado, se obtuvieron los datos socio-demográficos y epidemiológicos relacionados a la infección por Toxoplasma gondii. Además se tomó una muestra de sangre para la determinación de anticuerpos del tipo IgG anti T. gondii por el método de ELISA y se realizó la evaluación oftalmológica para el diagnóstico de TO. Resultados: La edad promedio ± DE fue de 53 ± 20 años, con leve predominio de mujeres (55%). La seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis fue de 84% (67/80) y la TO se detectó en 8,9% de los 67 seropositivos. Se observó que el hábito de no lavar las verduras con hipoclorito de sodio y comer carne silvestre presentó mayor riesgo de contraer la infección en esta población. Conclusión: Es importante realizar trabajos de investigación a nivel poblacional para establecer la epidemiología de la toxoplasmosis en nuestro país. Se debe dar a conocer a la población las medidas de profilaxis para evitar la infección por T. gondii.


Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Ocular/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmose Ocular/epidemiologia
11.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 32(6): 658-63, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26928502

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease; it can cause decreased vision or even blindness. The route of transmission in humans may vary according to the habits of the region; probably the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat is the main source of infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in an eye clinic, the frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and risk habits for acquiring the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients consulting in the Retina Department of the Teaching Hospital of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguay between August and September, 2014 were included. Prior informed consent, socio-demographic and epidemiological data related to T. gondii infection were obtained. In addition a blood sample for the determination of anti T. gondii IgG antibodies by the ELISA method was taken and ophthalmologic evaluation for the diagnosis of OT was made. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients with mean ± SD age of 53 ± 20 years were studied, with slight predominance of women (55%). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 84% (67/80) and OT was detected in 8.9% of the 67 seropositive persons. The habit of not washing vegetables with sodium hypochlorite and eat meat from wild animals was related to higher risk of infection in this population. CONCLUSION: It is important to conduct research at the population level to establish the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in our country. Information on prophylactic measures to prevent infection by T. gondii should be given to the population.


Assuntos
Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Ocular/diagnóstico , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmose Ocular/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
12.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 10(1): 70-75, jun. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: lil-663631

RESUMO

La leishmaniosis visceral es una enfermedad causada por protozoos del género Leishmania, afecta fundamentalmente al hombre y a los caninos, englobando un amplio espectro de procesos patológicos que parten desde cuadros cutáneos autocurables a viscerales con desenlace fatal. La leishmaniosis se conoce en Paraguay desde los años 1913; y se observa un aumento de los casos en paralelo al proceso de deforestación y expansión agrícola. La infección en los caninos es causada por parásitos del género Leishmania complejo L. donovani, especies L. infantum en el viejo mundo y L. chagasi en el nuevo mundo. Entre las técnicas de diagnóstico serológico se destacan la aglutinación directa (DAT), la inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI), el ELISA, la inmunocromatografía y el inmunoblotting. La sensibilidad y especificidad de cada una de ellas dependen en gran medida del antígeno utilizado. Sin embargo, pocos análisis comparativos se han hecho con tests que utilizan diferentes antígenos para identificar el mejor antígeno. El trabajo realizado fue un estudio analítico que tuvo como objetivo comparar a las dos cepas de leishmania: L. chagasi y L. donovani utilizadas en el ELISA indirecto para el diagnóstico serológico de leishmaniosis visceral canina que se realiza en el IICS. Del total de muestras analizadas, 173/185 (94%) resultaron concordantes. Utilizando la prueba de ELISA con antígeno L. chagasi como referencia, el antígeno de L. donovani dio una positividad y negatividad del 92% y 100% respectivamente. Se obtuvo una excelente concordancia (Kappa 0.82) y una fuerte asociación de 125.29 (p<1x10-7) por chi2. Estos resultados sugieren que el antígeno L. donovani podría ser utilizado en el ELISA indirecto para la detección de anticuerpos anti-leishmania en caninos


Assuntos
Leishmania donovani , Leishmania infantum , Testes Sorológicos
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