[Results of measuring neutrons doses and energy spectra inside Russian segment of the International Space Station in experiment "Matryoshka-R" using bubble detectors during the ISS-24-34 missions].

The paper presents the results of calculating the equivalent dose from and energy spectrum of neutrons in the right-hand crewquarters in module Zvezda of the ISS Russian segment. Dose measurements were made in the period between July, 2010 and November, 2012 (ISS Missions 24-34) by research equipment including the bubble dosimeter as part of experiment "Matryoshka-R". Neutron energy spectra in the crewquarters are in good agreement with what has been calculated for the ISS USOS and, earlier, for the MIR orbital station. The neutron dose rate has been found to amount to 196 +/- 23 microSv/d on Zvezda panel-443 (crewquarters) and 179 +/- 16 microSv/d on the "Shielding shutter" surface in the crewquarters.

[Results of measuring neutron dose inside the Russian segment of the International Space Station using bubble detectors in experiment Matreshka-R].

Distribution of neutron equivalent dose both inside and outside the spherical phantom (experiment Matryeshka-R) was determined with the help of dedicated research equipment "Bubble-dosimeter". Equipment is built up from an automatic bubbles counter and 8 bubble detectors of neutrons with energy ranging from approximately 200 keV to 15 MeV. Measurements inside the ISS were made in several 7-day sessions in the period from April 2006 till October 2007 (ISS increments 13-15). According to the bubble detectors on the outside of the phantom, ambient neutron dose H*(10) was equal to 0.1 mSv/d or approximately 20% of the dose from charged particles inside the ISS. In the tissue-equivalent phantom, neutron dose was 1.2 +/- 0.2 times less as compared with the phantom surface which characterized the degree of dose attenuation in cosmonaut's body.

[Some results of radiaton monitoring of the ISS Russian Segment in 2000-2005].

Dynamics of the ISS RS radiation environment was studied using the data of daily (operative) monitoring and personal dose measurements during 11 increments in the period between August 1, 2000 and October 28, 2005 overlapping the maximum phase of the 23rd solar cycle. It was shown that personal absorbed doses varied within the range of measurements of dual wavelength radiometer R-16, a component of the ISS radiation monitoring system. Power of the absorbed doses fell in the range of 0.017 to 0.02 cGy/day and was solar-dependent.

[The assessment of radiation hazards in the "MIR" and ISS orbits from the data of vehicle and personal dosimetric monitoring]. / Otsenka radiatsionnoi opasnosti dlia chlenov ékipazhei orbital'noi stantsii "Mir" i Mezhdunarodnoi kosmicheskoi stantsii na osnove dannykh bortovogo i individual'nogo dozimetricheskogo kontrolia.

The paper describes the procedure of estimating total radiation risk to crewmembers during lifetime and possible lifetime reduction in consequence of participation in the Mir and ISS missions in different periods of the solar activity. The procedure includes analysis of data of vehicle and personal dosimetry, and calculations of radiation doses in various Mir compartments and accumulated by body tissues of cosmonauts. Calculated doses showed good consistency with the doses measured with R-16 on board Mir and personal dosimeters. To a first approximation, estimation of doses to cosmonauts and radiation risk as a result of participation in ISS missions took into account similarity of the Mir and ISS basal modules (geometry, dimensions and mass values) and was performed with the use of the space station shielding model that had been described elsewhere. The model of ISS radiation shielding will be updated as data of dosimetry of ISS compartments and phantom studies are available.

[Chromosome aberrations as a bio-dosimetric test of space radiation (experimental data from the seeds of higher plants)]. / Khromosomnye aberratsii kak biodozimetricheskii test kosmicheskoi radiatsii (éksperimental'nye dannye na semenakh vysshykh rastenii)]

The authors analyzed the data about seeds of higher plants obtained in space experiments from several days to a year and a half in duration, and ground-based simulation studies on beams of accelerated heavy ions by the universal biological criterion of the chromosome aberrations. The criterion was also used to compare these data with those about lymphocytes in human peripheric blood in vitro. The number of aberrant cells, including cells with multiple aberrations, grew with mission duration, absorbed dose, and fluence of heavy charged particles as well as the topography of particles traverse of cells. Methodical dimensions of the test-object as a detector to evaluate the biological effects of and risk from space radiation in long-term space missions are considered.

[The comparative characteristics of the clinico-physiological action of electromagnetic radiation in the milli- and nanometer ranges in hypertension]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika kliniko-fiziologicheskogo deistviia élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia milli- i nanometrovogo diapazona pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The sinocarotid zone (SCZ) of 127 patients with essential hypertension (EH) stage I and II was exposed to electromagnetic millimetric and nanometric waves. Differentiated indications for laser and short-wave-frequency therapy on SCZ in EH have been formulated basing on the postexposure changes in blood pressure, main complaints, central and cerebral hemodynamics, lipid metabolism, blood coagulation.

[The combination of taking acetylsalicylic acid and a complex of physical factors in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Sochetanie priema atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty i kompleksa fizicheskikh faktorov v vosstanovitel'nom lechenii bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The efficacy of physiotherapeutic methods in association with preliminary aspirin intakes was examined in 276 patients with ischemic heart disease. Results indicate that the main clinicofunctional and laboratory indices showed a positive dynamics. The above treatment is considered perspective in the restorative treatment and secondary prophylaxis of patients with ischemic heart disease.

[Kinetics and composition of cell populations in malignant astrocytomas]. / Kinetika i sostav kletochnykh populiatsii v zlokachestvennykh astrotsitomakh.

The cell generation time (Tc) and the growth fraction (GF) were studied in 4 malignant astrocytomas removed during the first operation. These parameters varied within a wide range in the various areas of each tumor. In 4 areas of one of the tumors, for instance, the Tc values were 545, 70, 26, and 17 hrs and the values of GF were 0.29, 0.59, 0.58, and 0.25, respectively. In the other tumors the Tc fluctuations were 66-179, 14-200 and 20-272 and the GF fluctuations 0.10-0.68, 10.07-0.31, and 0.21-0.56. These data do not agree with the results obtained by Hoshino et al. who studied recurrent glioblastomas and found the fluctuations in Tc values within one and the same tumor to be much less. These discrepancies indicate that from the standpoint of cell kinetics recurrent astrocytomas are a more favourable object for chemotherapy than primary tumors.

[Several parameters of the kinetics of cellular proliferation in human macroglial tumors]. / Nekotorye parametry kinetiki kletochnoi proliferatsii v makroglial'nykh opukholiakh cheloveka

The thymidine labelling index was studied by autoradiography in 95 human macroglial tumours. In 75 supratentorial tumours the values of the labelling index ranged from 0.05% to 20.10%, while in 20 cerebellar tumours it comprised 0.05% to 1.49%. Macroglial tumours of the large hemispheres could be subdivided with statistical significance into two discrete groups according to their labelling index: the group of slowly growing tumours with the labelling index below 2.5%, and the group of faster growing tumours with the labelling index above 2.5%. Gradual spontaneous malignization of the Group 1 tumours turning into Group 2 tumours is hardly probable. The duration of the DNA synthesis phase in 4 macroglial tumours of the large hemispheres in man varied from 5.7 to 7.5 hours.