May Thurner syndrome: Sixty years later.

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) was described sixty years ago. Once ignored for several years, it is currently a recognized pathology in the vascular surgery community; but not long ago due to several factors, it was underdiagnosed and sub-optimally treated. In the last 20 years, with renewed interest in venous pathology, technical imaging advances and the recent interventional procedures, it has become a better known disease. On the other hand, nowadays the easiness in diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome has lead to overtreatment of such patients. In this article, we do a historical review and describe the significant advances and current management of May-Thurner syndrome.

Mean pulmonary pressure estimation by echocardiography: three equations comparison / Estimación de la presión pulmonar media por ecocardiografía: comparación de tres ecuaciones

Background: Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) estimation is possible by echocardiography through the pulmonary acceleration time measurement using mathematical equations; also, using the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure calculated from de tricuspid gradient assessed by continuous Doppler is a good method, having a 0.7 correlation with the catheter hemodynamic studies. Objective: To compare three different equations and define its usefulness on mean pulmonary arterial pressure estimation. Material and methods: From 4,000 echocardiograms performed, a sample of 187 studies were obtained; we used three different equations to calculate mean PAP, a cutoff of ≥ 25 mmHg was used as high PAP. Results: 187 patients aged 54.5 ± 22.6 years; corresponding to 87 men (46.5%) and 100 women (53.5%). Equation 1, with 50 cases (26.7%) with PAH were detected; 69 cases (36.8%) with equation 2; and only 23 patients (12.3%) with equation 3. Conclusions: Equations 1 and 2 are useful as screening, while equation 3 has higher degree of discrimination.

Introducción: La estimación de la presión arterial media pulmonar es posible por ecocardiografía a través de la medición del tiempo de aceleración pulmonar utilizando ecuaciones matemáticas; así mismo, a partir del cálculo de la presión arterial sistólica utilizando el gradiente tricuspídeo medido por Doppler continuo, ya que presenta una correlación media de 0.7 al compararla con el estudio hemodinámico con catéter. Objetivo: comparar la aplicación de 3 diferentes ecuaciones para estimar la presión arterial pulmonar media. Material y métodos: En una muestra de 187 estudios ecocardiográficos de un total de 4,000 efectuados, se realizaron los cálculos con cada una de las ecuaciones establecidas, tomando como punto de corte la PAP media ≥ a 25mmHg. Resultados: 187 pacientes con edad X y DE de 54.5 ± 22.6 y variación de 18 a 94 años, correspondiendo a 87 hombres (46.5%) y 100 mujeres (53.5%); con la ecuación 1 se detectaron 50 casos (26.7%) con hipertensión arterial pulmonar, 69 casos (36.8%) con la ecuación 2, y solamente 23 casos (12.3%) con la ecuación 3. Conclusiones: las ecuaciones 1 y 2 resultan útiles como tamizaje, teniendo la ecuación 3 mayor grado de discriminación.