RESUMO
Resumen (analítico) La educación sexual en el sistema educativo es un derecho de los adolescentes. En Latinoamérica se evidencian avances, pero también se vislumbran deficiencias en la implementación de la educación sexual para prevención del embarazo adolescente. Con el objetivo de explorar las experiencias de educación sexual de padres y madres adolescentes en colegios, se realizó un estudio cualitativo en Cuenca. Se realizaron 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas (diez madres, nueve padres adolescentes) y un análisis temático de la información. Se encontró que, a pesar de los lineamientos establecidos, la educación sexual es escasa y sesgada. Su implementación es asistemática, con enfoque biomédico y moralista, y no considera necesidades del desarrollo sexual de adolescentes. Esto vislumbra preocupantes vacíos en el sistema educativo que aporten al desarrollo de habilidades necesarias para su vida.
Abstract (analytical) Sexual education in the educational system is a right of adolescents. In Latin America, despite the progress in the implementation of sexual education to prevent adolescent pregnancy, deficiencies are also evident. With the aim of exploring the sexual education experiences of adolescent fathers and mothers in schools, a qualitative study was developed in Cuenca. 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out (10 mothers; 9 adolescent fathers), and a thematic analysis of the information was used. It was found that, despite the established guidelines, sexual education is scarce and biased; Its implementation is unsystematic, with a biomedical and moralistic approach and; it does not consider sexual development needs of adolescents. This reveals worrying gaps in the educational system that may contribute to the development of life skills.
Resumo (analítico) A educação sexual no sistema educacional é um direito dos adolescentes. Na América Latina, o progresso é evidente, mas também são evidentes as deficiências na implementação da educação sexual para prevenir a gravidez na adolescência. Com o objetivo de explorar as experiências de educação sexual de pais e mães adolescentes nas escolas, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo em Cuenca. Foram realizadas 19 entrevistas semiestruturadas (10 mães; 9 pais adolescentes), foi realizada uma análise temática das informações. Constatou-se que, apesar das diretrizes estabelecidas, a educação sexual é escassa e tendenciosa; A sua implementação é assistemática, com uma abordagem biomédica e moralista e; não considera as necessidades de desenvolvimento sexual dos adolescentes. Isto revela lacunas preocupantes no sistema educativo que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à vida.
RESUMO
Despite recognition that sexual well-being is an important part of adolescent sexual and reproductive health, a clear description of adolescent sexual well-being does not yet exist. Through six in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions with 56 young people in two distinct contexts (Belgium and Ecuador), we used the social-ecological framework to identify factors influencing adolescent sexual well-being. According to respondents, the main factors that influence adolescent sexual well-being are not only situated at the individual (having knowledge and skills and being physically, sexually and mental mature and healthy) and interpersonal levels (positive attraction towards others and communication about sexuality), but at a broader societal level, including social acceptance of sex, gender and sexual diversity and its (legal) translation into comprehensive sexuality education and the ready availability of contraceptives. Our results go well beyond two existing definitions of (adolescent) sexual well-being to contribute to understanding and measurement from the perspective of young people themselves, adding substantively to ongoing discussion about the definition of the concept.