2024 HRS expert consensus statement on arrhythmias in the athlete: Evaluation, treatment, and return to play.

Youth and adult participation in sports continues to increase, and athletes may be diagnosed with potentially arrhythmogenic cardiac conditions. This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide electrophysiologists, sports cardiologists, and associated health care team members in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of arrhythmic conditions in the athlete with the goal of facilitating return to sport and avoiding the harm caused by restriction. Expert, disease-specific risk assessment in the context of athlete symptoms and diagnoses is emphasized throughout the document. After appropriate risk assessment, management of arrhythmias geared toward return to play when possible is addressed. Other topics include shared decision-making and emergency action planning. The goal of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations impacting all areas in the care of athletes with arrhythmic conditions. Areas in need of further study are also discussed.

The inclusion of the gender perspective in oncology research with Spanish participation.

The gender perspective is important for a better diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially in the field of oncology. This study aimed to analyse the gender approach in scientific articles in the field of oncology by studying the gender composition of the authorship of papers and the gender inclusion in the research carried out. A bibliographic search of articles and reviews signed by at least one Spanish institution published between 2010 and 2019 was carried out using the Science Citation Index Expanded database in the Oncology category. A total of 7523 studies were classified according to the gender composition determined by the author's name and a randomised sample was used to evaluate the inclusion of gender perspectives using a checklist. This study revealed a lack of gender parity in the authorship of oncology publications involving Spanish participation. Papers without author gender parity were eight times higher than papers with parity and showed a greater presence of male than female authorship (58 % versus 31 %). Regarding the introduction of the gender perspective, a negative response of 68 % referring to compliance with the entire checklist was obtained, and only a fifth of the articles presented gender balance in the study sample. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between gender parity in authorship and gender perspective integration in published research. In conclusion, there is a great need to advance the inclusion of gender perspectives in cancer research to overcome gender bias and promote better prevention, detection, and intervention for cancer.

Alcoholización de la vena de Marshall: una alternativa rápida, útil y efectiva en el tratamiento del aleteo auricular perimitral. Una descripción de la técnica / Marshall vein alcoholization, fast, useful and effective alternative in the treatment of perimitral atrial flutter. A description of the technique

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 68 años con aleteo auricular perimitral recurrente a terapia antiarrítmica en el seguimiento de ablación de venas pulmonares por fibrilación auricular. En este caso no se logra el control de la arritmia a pesar de una aproximación usual; se aplica radiofrecuencia endoepicárdica del istmo mitral. En vista de lo anterior, se decide realizar alcoholización de la vena de Marshall; una técnica rápida, útil y efectiva en el control de esta arritmia. A continuación, se describe el paso a paso con el objetivo de familiarizar a los cardiólogos intervencionistas con esta técnica. A la fecha, el paciente se encuentra en ritmo sinusal y sin recurrencia de la arritmia en el seguimiento.

Abstract The case of a 68-year-old patient with recurrent perimitral atrial flutter to anti-arrhythmic therapy in the follow-up of pulmonary vein ablation due to atrial fibrillation is presented. In our case, arrhythmia control is not achieved despite a usual approach; Endo-epicardial radiofrequency application at the mitral isthmus level. Given the above, it was decided to alcoholize Marshall’s vein; a fast, useful and effective technique in the control of this arrhythmia. Here is a step-by-step guide to familiarize interventional cardiologists with this technique. The patient is in sinus rhythm and without recurrence of the arrhythmia at follow-up.

Implante de un electrodo de estimulación ventricular izquierdo mediante doble canulación del seno coronario, técnica de snare y acceso retrógrado de la vena posterolateral / Implant of a left ventricular pacing electrode by double cannulation of the coronary sinus, snare technique and retrograde access of the posterolateral vein

Resumen El implante percutáneo de un electrodo de estimulación ventricular izquierdo a través del seno coronario para resincronización cardiaca siempre ha implicado un reto y más aún en pacientes con anatomía venosa coronaria compleja. Este caso demuestra cómo una técnica de doble canulación del seno coronario con uso de catéter multi-snare permite la colocación exitosa de un electrodo de estimulación ventricular izquierdo mediante acceso retrógrado a una vena posterolateral estenótica.

Abstract The percutaneous implantation of a left ventricular pacing electrode through the coronary sinus for cardiac resynchronization has always been a challenge, especially in patients with a complex coronary venous anatomy. This case shows how double cannulation of the coronary sinus using a multisnare catheter allows a left ventricular pacing electrode to be placed through retrograde access to a stenotic posterolateral vein, with a good clinical outcome.

Interatrial septal tachycardias following atrial fibrillation ablation or cardiac surgery: Electrophysiological features and ablation outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Interatrial septal tachycardias (IAS-ATs) following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation or cardiac surgery are rare, and their management is challenging. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological features and outcomes associated with catheter ablation of IAS-AT. METHODS: We screened 338 patients undergoing catheter ablation of ATs following AF ablation or cardiac surgery. Diagnosis of IAS-AT was based on activation mapping and analysis of response to atrial overdrive pacing. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (9%) had IAS-AT (cycle length [CL] 311 ± 104 ms); 16 (55%) had prior AF ablation procedures (median 3; range 1-5), 3 (10%) had prior surgical maze, and 12 (41%) had prior cardiac surgery (including atrial septal defect surgical repair in 5 and left atrial myxoma resection in 1). IAS substrate abnormalities were documented in all patients. Activation mapping always demonstrated a diffuse early IAS breakout with centrifugal biatrial activation, and atrial overdrive pacing showed a good postpacing interval (equal or within 25 ms of the AT CL) only at 1 or 2 anatomically opposite IAS sites in all cases. Ablation was acutely successful in 27 patients (93%) (from only the right IAS in 2, only the left IAS in 9, both IAS sides with sequential ablation in 13, and both IAS sides with bipolar ablation in 3). After median follow-up of 15 (6-52) months, 17 patients (59%) remained free from recurrent arrhythmias. CONCLUSION: IAS-ATs are rare and typically occur in patients with evidence of IAS substrate abnormalities and prior cardiac surgery. Catheter ablation can be challenging and may require sequential unipolar ablation or bipolar ablation.

Efficacy of Closed Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Abdominal Donor Site After Free Flap Breast Reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used to treat acute and chronic wounds in a variety of scenarios. Specifically, in autologous breast reconstruction, studies investigating the use of closed incision NPWT (ciNPWT) in breast surgery are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the use of ciNPWT at the abdominal donor site following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a 15-month period including patients who underwent abdominally based microsurgical breast reconstruction. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) a control group that underwent standard abdominal donor site closure and (2) an experimental group that underwent standard abdominal donor site closure plus ciNPWT. Groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, perioperative variables, and abdominal donor site complications. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were identified. Of these, 18 were included in the control group and 24 in the ciNPWT group. No cases of seroma, abdominal bulge, or abdominal hernia were reported. Wound dehiscence developed in 2 patients (11.1%) in the control group and in 3 patients (12.5%) in the experimental group (P = 1.000). One patient (5.6%) in the control group had an infection of the donor site compared with none in the ciNPWT group (P = .429). Interestingly, 3 patients developed hyperpigmentation where the ciNPWT plastic drape was placed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ciNPWT on the abdominal donor site following DIEP flap breast reconstruction did not lower the incidence of wound dehiscence and wound infection. Different approaches are needed to decrease the incidence of donor site complications in abdominally based postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

Ablación de reentrada nodal en vena cava superior izquierda persistente y ausencia de vena cava superior derecha / Nodal re-entry in patient with persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava

Resumen La taquicardia por reentrada nodal es la arritmia más frecuente entre las taquicardias supraventriculares paroxísticas; la variedad lenta-rápida es la más común. En muchos casos la ablación de la vía lenta es el tratamiento definitivo y puede llegar a tener alta tasa de éxito y baja frecuencia de complicaciones. La presencia de una vena cava superior izquierda y la ausencia de vena cava superior derecha con drenaje venoso sistémico superior al seno coronario es una malformación congénita poco frecuente, la cual genera alteraciones anatómicas que dificultan el abordaje tradicional para la ablación de esta arritmia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con esta condición en la que fue exitosa la ablación mediante ecocardiografía intracardiaca y reconstrucción tridimensional.

Abstract Nodal re-entrant tachycardia is the most common arrhythmia among the paroxysmal atrioventricular tachycardias, with the slow-fast variant being the most common. In many cases, the ablation of the slow pathway is the definitive treatment in many cases, often with a high rate of success and low frequency of complications. The presence of a left superior vena cava and the absence of a right superior vena cava with systematic venous drainage above the coronary sinus is a rare congenital malformation that leads to anatomical anomalies. These make it difficult to use the traditional approach for the ablation of this arrhythmia. The case is presented of a patient with this condition in which the ablation was successful using intracardiac echocardiography and three-dimensional reconstruction.

Recomendaciones analgésicas en cirugía de reemplazo de cadera / Analgesic recommendations in hip replacement surgery

Resumen: La osteoartritis de cadera es la segunda causa de discapacidad funcional del aparato locomotor. Se presenta en adultos mayores de 35 años en 3 a 11%. Caracterizada por dolor al deambular, al subir o bajar escaleras, mejora con el reposo, pero evoluciona hasta limitada movilidad articular, crujido, rigidez e inestabilidad, restringiendo la funcionalidad y calidad de vida del individuo. La artroplastía total de cadera es la intervención indicada cuando la sintomatología es severa, persistente y han fallado otras terapéuticas. Tiene el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida, reducir el dolor y mejorar la función del paciente. Sin embargo, es un procedimiento que presenta dolor moderado a severo en el postoperatorio inmediato y una prevalencia de dolor crónico de 10 a 35%. La analgesia multimodal tiene que ser considerada para disminuir los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos y disminuir el uso de opioides (visita http://www.painoutmexico.com para obtener la versión completa del artículo y el diagrama de recomendaciones).

Abstract: Hip osteoarthritis is the second cause of functional impairment of the locomotor system. Its prevalence in adults over 35 years old in 3 to 11%. Characterized by a pain to walking, going up or down stairs, it improves with rest, that reaches a limited joint mobility, crunching, rigidity and instability restricting the functionality and quality of life. Total hip arthroplasty is the intervention indicated when the symtomatology is severe and persistent that have failed other therapeutics. It aims to improve the quality of life, reduce pain and improve the function of the patient. However, it is a procedure that is accompanied by moderate to severe pain in the immediate postoperative period and a chronic pain prevalence of 10 to 35%. Multimodal analgesia has to be considered to reduce the side effects of medications and reduce the use of opioids (visit http://www.painoutmexico.com to see the full article and recommendations diagram).

Roof-dependent atrial flutter with an epicardial component: Role of the septopulmonary bundle.

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation may predispose patients to the development of atypical atrial flutters (AFL). We describe two cases of roof dependent AFLs that failed to terminate despite posterior wall isolation. An epicardial breakthrough involving the septopulmonary bundle is proposed. The correlation between the electrophysiological findings and the anatomical substrate is described.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del reflujo vesicoureteral en la infancia. Actualización / Surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in childhood. Updat

El tratamiento endoscópico (ET) y quirúrgico, es una de las opciones fundamentales para alcanzar la curación del Reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) en el paciente pediátrico. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento quirúrgico del RVU, es superior al 90%. Existe controversia a la hora de elegir la modalidad de tratamiento óptimo, e individualizada por cada paciente. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar conocimientos, conocer las nuevas modalidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas, y obtener un algoritmo de manejo individualizado según las características propias de cada paciente. El tratamiento quirúrgico es el pilar fundamental y el más efectivo, para un tratamiento exitoso del RVU en pacientes pediátricos

Endoscopic and surgical treatment is one of the fundamental options to achieve cure of Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in the pediatric patient. The success rate of surgical treatment of RVU is greater than 90%. There is controversy when choosing the optimal treatment modality, and individualized by each patient. The objective of this review is to update knowledge, learn about new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, and obtain an individualized management algorithm according to the characteristics of each patient. Surgical treatment is the fundamental and most effective pillar for successful treatment of RVU in pediatric patients

Importancia del reflujo vesicoureteral en Pediatría. Seguimiento conjunto del paciente entre Nefrología y Cirugía Pediátrica / Importance of vesicoureteral reflux in Pediatrics. Joint patient follow-up between Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatric Surgery

El reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) es la malformación nefrourológica más frecuente del recién nacido, pudiendo aparecer de forma secundaria en otras patologías malformativas, como en el caso de las valvas de uretra posterior, o ser secundario a una disfunción de la unión ureterovesical. De esta manera se distinguen dos fenotipos de pacientes, por un lado los diagnosticados en época prenatal o neonatal, generalmente varones, con afección anatómica y/o funcional de la unión ureterovesical, lo que se conoce con el nombre de "RVU primario", frente a formas postnatales en el escolar mayor, generalmente mujeres con disfunción vesical y de la unión ureterovesical, conocidas como "RVU secundario". Estas formas clínicas presentan distinta evo-lución clínica y pronóstico, con desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) debida a un mal desarrollo nefrourológico asociado o no a infecciones urinarias recurrentes. La técnica gold standard para diagnosticar daño renal es la gammagrafía renal DMSA Tc99 mientras que la prueba diagnóstica de RVU es la cistouretrografía miccional seriada (CUMS). El tratamiento inicial debe ser conservador optimizando medidas higiénicas, dada la posibilidad de resolución espontánea del mismo con el tiempo, principalmente de las formas leves de RVU, reservando el tratamiento quirúrgico correctivo en las formas severas y con mala evolución clínica, por el probable desarrollo de ERC que puede conducir al paciente a una enfermedad renal terminal con necesidad de técnicas de depuración extrarrenal o incluso trasplante renal. Dicho tratamiento quirúrgico será preferentemente endoscópico. Aún existe controversia en el uso de profilaxis antibiótica, recomendándose en casos concretos. Un manejo integral multidisciplinar del paciente mejorará su pronóstico renal y vital, así como su calidad de vida y la de su familia

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most frequent nephrourological malformation of the newborn, and may appear secondary in other malformative pathologies, such as in the case of the posterior urethral leaflets, or be secondary to a dysfunction of the ureterovesical junction. In this way, two phenotypes of patients are distinguished, on the one hand those diagnosed in the prenatal or neonatal period, generally males, with anatomical and/or functional affection of the ureterovesical junction, which is known as the "primary VUR", compared to postnatal forms in the older schoolchild, generally women with bladder and ureterovesical junction dysfunction, known as "secondary VUR". These clinical forms present different clinical and prognostic evolution, with development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to poor nephrourological development frequently associated with recurrent urinary infections. The gold standard technique for diagnosing kidney damage is nuclear renal scanning with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), while the diagnostic test for VUR is voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Initial treatment should be conservative, optimizing hygienic measures, given the possibility of spontaneous resolution of it over time, mainly in mild forms of VUR, reserving corrective surgical treatment in severe forms and with poor clinical evolution, due to the probable development of CKD that can lead the patient to end-stage kidney disease with the need for extrarenal clearance techniques or even kidney transplantation. Surgical treatment will preferably be endoscopic. There is still controversy in the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, being recommended in specificcases. A comprehensive multidisciplinary management of the patient will improve their renal and vital prognosis, as well as their quality of life and that of their family