Prevalence of Candida spp. in Healthy Oral Mucosa Surfaces with Higher Incidence of Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis.

INTRODUCTION: Predisposing factors in chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) have been poorly recognized. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of Candida spp. in areas of the oral mucosa showing greater prevalent rate of CHC, such as the retrocomissural area, the lateral borders of the tongue, and the hard-palate mucosa in four groups of individuals presenting predisposing factors as follows: Smoking habits (group I); patients with low salivary flow rate (SFR) (hyposalivation - group II); patients with loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (LVDO -group III); and control subjects (group IV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 individuals (age 4090 years, mean: 55.8 years) were divided into four groups: Group I (11 smokers); group II (10 hyposalivation patients); group III (10 LVDO patients); and group IV (control, 13 healthy subjects). All individuals were tested for Candida-pseudohyphae form by direct examination and for Candida spp. culture growth in samples obtained from the retrocomissural, tongue's lateral border, and hard-soft palatal mucosa. RESULTS: Direct examination showed a statistically significant prevalence rate for pseudohyphae (p < 0.05) on the retrocomissural and on tongue's lateral borders of individuals with LVDO. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) culture growth for Candida spp. was found on the retrocomissural areas of those with hyposalivation and with LVDO, and on the palate mucosa and on the tongue's lateral borders in the smokers and in the individuals with LVDO when compared with those of the control group. CONCLUSION: While direct examination is effective for detecting pseudohyphae, LVDO and tobacco smoking seem to be factors of relevance to the development of CHC. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Since CHC has been linked to a high rate of malignant transformation, this study analyzes some clinical (and exogenous) factors that may contribute to the development of CHC and addresses some preventive measures to reduce its incidence.

Oral mucocele of unusual size on the buccal mucosa: clinical presentation and surgical approach.

Oral mucoceles are small-size, benign minor salivary gland pathologies. The most frequent localizations of these lesions are the lower lip mucosa. However, in some cases, they grow to an unusual size and hinder the preliminary diagnosis of mucocele. The purpose of this article is to report a case of a large oral mucocele with a diameter of 3.5 cm on the buccal mucosa of a 43-years-old male patient. The surgical procedure was carried out for a complete removal of the lesion.

Extensive amalgam tattoo on the alveolar-gingival mucosa.

Amalgam tattoos are common exogenous pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa occurring mainly by inadvertent placement of amalgam particles into soft tissues. The diagnosis of amalgam tattoo is simple, usually based on clinical findings associated with presence or history of amalgam fillings removal. Intraoral X-rays may be helpful in detecting amalgam-related radiopacity. In cases where amalgam tattoo cannot be differentiated from other causes of oral pigmentation, a biopsy should be performed. This article deals with an extensive amalgam tattoo lesion which required a biopsy for a definitive diagnosis.

Lichenoid reaction to carbamazepine in the oral mucosa: case report.

Lichenoid drug reactions are more common in skin, but they may also occur in the oral mucosa. It is difficult to diagnose these lesions due to their clinical similarity to the idiopathic oral lichen planus lesions. The present article reports a case of lichenoid reaction in oral mucosa associated to the use of carbamazepine, emphasizing the diagnostic process.

Tatuagem extensa por amálgama em mucosa gêngivo-alveolar / Extensive amalgam tattoo on the alveolar-gingival mucosa

Tatuagens por amálgama são lesões pigmentadas, exógenas, de frequente ocorrência na mucosa bucal, que resultam da introdução acidental de partículas de amálgama nos tecidos moles. O diagnóstico da tatuagem por amálgama é simples, geralmente, baseado em achados clínicos, complementado pela história recente ou pregressa de remoção de restauração por amálgama. Radiografias intraorais podem ser úteis na detecção de radiopacidade, associadas à partícula de amálgama. Nos casos em que as tatuagens por amálgama não permitem diferenciação de outras lesões melanocíticas, o exame histopatológico deve ser realizado. Os autores relatam à ocorrência de lesão extensa por tatuagem de amálgama com confirmação histopatológica.

Amalgam tattoos are common exogenous pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa occurring mainly by inadvertent placement of amalgam particles into soft tissues. The diagnosis of amalgam tattoo is simple, usually based on clinical findings associated with presence or history of amalgam fillings removal. Intraoral X-rays may be helpful in detecting amalgam-related radiopacity. In cases where amalgam tattoo cannot be differentiated from other causes of oral pigmentation, a biopsy should be performed. This article deals with an extensive amalgam tattoo lesion which required a biopsy for a definitive diagnosis.

Reação liquenoide à carbamazepina em mucosa bucal: relato de caso / Lichenoid reaction to carbamazepine in the oral mucosa: case report

As reações liquenoides por drogas são mais comuns na pele, mas também podem ocorrer na mucosa bucal. Estas lesões são de difícil diagnóstico por causa de sua semelhança clínica com às do líquen plano oral idiopático. O presente artigo relata um caso de reação liquenoide em mucosa bucal, associado ao uso de carbamazepina, no qual o processo de diagnóstico é enfatizado.

Lichenoid drug reactions are more commom in skin, but they may also occur in the oral mucosa. It is difficult to diagnose these lesions due to their clinical similarity to the idiopathic oral lichen planus lesions. The present article reports a case of lichenoid reaction in oral mucosa associated to the use of carbamazepine, emphasizing the diagnostic process.

Reação liquenoide oral de contato por hipersensibilidade ao amálgama: relato de 5 casos / Orallichenoid contact reaction by hypersensitivity to amolgam: report of 5 cases

Reações liquenoides orais de contato (RLC) resultam predominantemente por mecanismo de hipersensibilidade da mucosa oral a componentes presentes nas restaurações de amálgama, cujas lesões apresentam características clínicas e histopatológicas seme¬lhantes às do líquen plano oral (LPO) idiopático. A diferenciação entre RLC e LPO idiopá¬tico se faz, essencialmente, pela observação da melhora clínica ou desaparecimento das lesões RLC após a substituição das restaurações de amálgama por materiais restauradores não-metálicos. No presente artigo, 5 casos clínicos de RLC são relatados, enfatizando-se o processo de diagnóstico e tratamento.

Lichenoid contact reactions (LCR) occu r mostly as hypersensitivity reactions of the oral mucosa to components of amalgam restorations, with clinical and histopathologic charac¬teristics similar to those of idiopathic orallichen pia nus (OLP). The differentiation betweenl LCR and idiopathic OLP is made mainly by observation of clinical improvement or disappea¬rance of LCR lesions after replacement of amalgam resolutions by non-metallic restorativel materiais. The present article report 5 cases of LCR, in which the diagnostic approach anol treatment are emphasized.

Follicular lymphoma in the palate with clinical appearance similar to salivary gland tumors.

Intraoral presentation of follicular lymphoma is rare, and only three cases in the palate have been reported to date. The present case report describes an uncommon case of follicular lymphoma affecting the palate. The clinical aspect was similar to salivary gland neoplasm, and an incisional biopsy was important to establish the correct diagnosis and consequently to plan the treatment. Also discussed is the differential diagnosis among follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia with regard to the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features.

Prevalência de Candida spp e xerostomia em pacientes com líquen plano oral: um estudo grupo-controle / Prevalence of Candida spp e xerostomia in patients with oral lichen planus: a controlled study

Enquanto lesões cutâneas do líquen plano (LP) são autolimitantes, suas manifestações orais (LPO) têm comportamento crônico, raramente apresentam remissão espontânea, e podem sofrer transformação maligna, embora subsista controvérsia sobre esta ultima questão. A este respeito, alguns autores têm dado ênfase ao envolvimento da Candida spp. na malignização LPO devido à capacidade deste fungo em produzir enzima carcinogênica N-nitrobenzilmetilamina e sua relativa freqüência em lesões LPO. Adicionalmente, foi investigada a xerostomia que, além de ocorrer com maior freqüência em indivíduos da faixa etária em que o LPO é mais prevalente, é considerado fator predisponente à candidose. Portanto, a correlação entre xerostomia e colonização por Candida spp. apresente relevância de ser investigada. O presente estudo objetivou comparar a prevalência de Candida spp. e xerostomia em 37 pacientes com lesões LPO (grupo LPO) com a de 26 pacientes com lesões inflamatórias não-LPO (grupo não-LPO) e com a de 28 indivíduos sem lesões orais (grupo controle-saudável). Pacientes LPO foram predominantemente indivíduos do sexo feminino com média idade de SO anos. Presença de xerostomia foi evidenciada em 3S,1 % dos pacientes do grupo LPO, em 38,S% do grupo não-LPO e em 2S% do grupo controle-saudável, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos (p > O,OS)...

While cutaneous lesions of lichen planus (LP) are self-limiting, its counterpart oral manifestations (OLP) are chronic, hardly ever undergo spontaneous remission, and may suffer malignant transformation, though this latter issue still bears some controversy. In this respect, some authors have believed that Candida spp. might play a part in the OLP process of malignant transformation since this fungi has the ability to produce carcinogenic N-nitrobenzilmetilamina enzyme and has been found in OLP lesions. Apart that, xerostomia is considered a predisposing facto r to candidosis and occurs more frequently in individuais at an aging in which OLP is more prevalent. Therefore, the correlation between xerostomia and candidosis may be worth it investigating. This study aimed at comparing the prevalence of Candida spp. and xerostomia in 37 patients with OLP lesions (OLP group) with that of 26 patients with inflammatory non-OLP disease (non-OLP group) and with that of 28 subjects without oral mucosallesions (healthy-control group). OLP patients occurred predominantly in females at a mean age of 50 years. Presence of xerostomia was seen in 35.1 % of patients in the OLP group, in 38.5% of the non-OLP and in 25% of the healthy-control group with no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p > 0.05). In ali the groups, systemic medication and the presence of psychological disorder (anxiety and depression) were not statistically significant factors associated with the development of xerostomia...