[Study of antioxidant and membrane activity of rosmarinic acid using different model systems].

Rosmarinic acid is found in many species of different families of higher plants and its chemical structure is phenol propanoid with various biological activity. In this paper, we conducted a comparative study of antioxidant (radical-scavenging) properties of rosmarinic acid in systems of 2,2'-azo-bis(2-methylpropionamidin)dihydrochloride-luminol and hemoglobin-hydrogen peroxide-lu- minol, determined its protective potential in preventing peroxidation of linoleic acid, and evaluated the effect on the permeability of planar bilayer lipid membranes. Linoleic acid peroxidation was assessed by iron-thiocyanate method. In these studies, trolox was used as a reference antioxidant, and ascorbic acid, and dihydroquercetin were taken as standards. Rosmarinic acid is significantly superior to trolox, ascorbic acid and dihydroquercetin in the tests for antioxidant activity in the systems studied, as well as in inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. According to their activity the investigated substances can be arranged in the following order: rosmarinic acid > dihydroquercetin trolox > ascorbic acid. Rosmarinic acid does not cause significant changes in the permeability of planar bilayer membranes in a dose range of 0.5 to 10 mkg/mL. Antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid is due to the neutralization of reactive oxygen species and/or luminol radicals generated in model systems. The observed features of the antioxidant and membrane activity of rosmarinic acid, which may underlie the previously mentioned pharmacological effects are discussed.

[Pharmacological activity echinochrome A singly and consisting of BAA "Timarin"].

Pharmacological activity of echinochrome A (EchA) alone and in the biologically active additives (BAA) "Timarin", administered per os has been investigated on volunteers. EchA decreased serum glutatione (GSH) and increased catalase activity 1 h after treatment; catalase activity normalized, while GSH exceeded the initial level 3 h after the treatment. Changes in serum lipid spectrum, demonstrating reduction of the risk atherogenesis were determined.

[Enhancing the immunogenic activity of influvac vaccine in the use of adjuvant TI complexes modified by echinochrome A].

The self-assembly of marine macrophyte glycolipids, holothurian saponin, and cholesterol gave rise to nanoscale morphological structures called tubular immunostimulating (TI) complexes. Whether the latter could be used on the basis of vaccine preparations containing the influenza virus subunit antigens was studied. There was an obvious increase in the immunogenicity of influenza virus hemagglutinin when the experimental animals were immunized with this antigen as part of TI complexes. It was shown that the adjuvant activity of the TI complex to influenza virus hemagglutinin could be enhanced by adding the known antioxidant echinochrome A from a sand-dollar (Echinarachnius parma) to the matrix of the TI complex.

[Particularities of corrective action of polar lipids and bioantioxidants from sea hydrobionts at imbalances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism].

A total mixture of phospho- and glycolipids from sea macrophytes Sargassum pallidum, Ulva fenestrata, Zostera marina was separated and the fatty acid composition was determined. Biological activity of the mixtures of polar lipids and natural antioxidants echinochrome A from flat sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis and polyphenolic complex from sea grass Zostera marina was studied in rats with experimental model of atherosclerosis and diabetes. These experiments revealed optimal compositions for mixtures of polar lipids and antioxidants, which possess high medical-corrective activity. Proposed mechanisms of action of the polar lipids (containing different polyunsaturated fatty acids) and antioxidants studied are presented. These compositions may be used for creation of new biologically-active additives and drugs.

[The comparative study of the medical action of lyuteolin, rosmarinic acid and echinochrom A at experimental stress-induced cardiopathology].

The method of the physical load in condition of the coronary circulation of the blood disturbance, caused mesaton injection, induced development rat cardiopathology, bring about of the heart function decompensation and 40% death of experimenthal animals. Under electronic-microscopic study of rat cardiomyocytes are discovered signs to disorganizations of mitochondrial apparatus of these cells. Administration to therapeutic mode of luteolin and echinochrome A preparations has provided to 100% animal probability of survival. At the same time, mitochondrial apparatus of cardiomyocytes was characterized by the normal parameter i.e. given preparations have provided of defensive adative effect at cardiomyocytes level. Similar activities for rosmarinic acid have not shown. Study some metabolic parameter and endocrine status animal has also allowed revealing of therapeutic effect of luteolin and echinochrome A. Findings be evidence of that echinochrome A and luteolin capable to play the important positive role in metabolism of cardiomyocytes by stimulating of mitochondrial biogenesis and by changing of adaptative mechanisms of the organism cardiovascular system protection.

[Investigation of luromarin efficacy on mice with experimental tick-borne encephalitis].

Oral use of Luromarin, extracted from sea algae Zostera asiatica, was efficient in protection of mice from lethal infection induced by highly pathogenic strain of TBE virus, by extending their average lifespan. Luromarin demonstrated potentiating action in combination with ribavirin and cycloferon.

[Comparative study of antiviral activity of luteolin and 7,3'-disulfate luteolin].

Antiviral activity of 7,3'-disulfate luteolin, extracted from Zostera marina was studied on an experimental model of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in vivo and in vitro. The drug increased the survival of the experimental mice infected with TBE virus and prolonged their lifespan. It was shown that 7,3'-disulfate luteolin reduced the virus accumulation in the SPEV cells by 2.0-4.0 lg TCID50/ml.

[In vitro activity of luromarin against tick-borne encephalitis virus].

Luromarin, extracted from the sea alga Zostera asiatica, showed no cytotoxic activity when incubated with the SPEV cell culture and was characterized by virulicidal properties against highly pathogenic strain of TBE virus and the ability to inhibit the virus replication at the early stages of the infection.

[Physico-chemical properties of elastase from the sea star Patiria pectinifera]. / Fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva élastazy iz morskoi zvezdy Patiria pectinifera.

An elastolytic protease was purified from the hepatopancreas of the sea star Patiria pectinifera with specific activity of 100 units per 1 mg of protein. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 30 KD by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was shown to be about 7.3 by gel isoelectrofocusing. The pH-dependence of the sea star elastase activity was determined toward Z-Ala-pNA. Values of kKaT and KM were equal to 36 s-1 and 1 mM, respectively. The kinetics of the thermal denaturation of purified elastase was studied at 40 and 60 degrees C. High thermostability and high activity of star elastase permit relying upon successful application of the enzyme in production of different cell cultures.

[Endo-beta-1,3-glucanase using affinity inhibition]. / Issledovanie éndo-beta-1,3-gliukanazy metodom affinnogo ingibirovaniia.

Synthetic 2',3'-epoxypropyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside selectively modifies a catalytically essential nucleophylic group in the active site of beta-1,3-glucanase LIV from the marine mollusc Spisula sachalinensis, the inactivation being as high as 95%. The properties of native and epoxypropylthioglucopyranoside-inhibited glucanase LIV were compared, using UV-spectroscopy, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing. It was found that the addition of laminarine and laminarioligosaccharides to a solution of the inhibited enzyme induces UV-differential spectra typical for the tryptophanyl residue involved in the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor-substrate complex. The glucone-1,5-lactone does not produce such spectrum. It was shown that epoxypropylthioglucopyranoside protects the accessible tryptophanyl residues in the enzyme active center against the oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide.