RESUMO
Shower hydrotherapy is generally considered benign during labor. We report a case of extensive scalds in a primigravida who used shower hydrotherapy to treat severe back labor pain from fetal malposition. Interestingly, her back pain was so severe that she felt no pain as her scald developed, describing the hot water from the showerhead as the only measure which "soothed" her pain. Her scald was diagnosed presumptively during assessment for epidural analgesia. The nature of her back labor pain, associated with occiput posterior fetal head position and her management are described. Severe pain from persistent fetal malposition may alter somatic pain perception during labor, increasing burn risks during shower hydrotherapy. These women are also at increased risk of operative delivery and infection risks from inadvertent neuraxial blockade after burns. Improved prevention strategies and vigilance for scalds are warranted in women with severe back labor undergoing shower hydrotherapy, including by anesthesiologists assessing them for neuraxial blockade.
Assuntos
Queimaduras , Hidroterapia , Dor do Parto , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Hidroterapia/métodos , Adulto , Queimaduras/terapia , Queimaduras/complicações , Dor do Parto/terapia , Analgesia Obstétrica/métodos , Analgesia Obstétrica/efeitos adversos , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Dor nas Costas/terapiaAssuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
We report a continuous-wave, O-band quantum-dot semiconductor comb laser for WDM optical interconnects exhibiting a 2.2 THz optical bandwidth with up to 89 comb wavelengths spaced at 25 GHz, over 30% peak ex-facet electrical-to-optical power conversion efficiency, up to 270 mW of usable laser power, relative intensity noise below - 135 dB/Hz per individual mode, individual laser mode linewidth of 140 kHz, mode beating linewidths of 50 kHz across all modes, and stable far-field output with 75% coupling efficiency to PM fiber in a butterfly package.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent therapeutic advances and screening technologies have improved survival among patients with lung cancer, who are now at high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). Recently, an SPLC risk-prediction model (called SPLC-RAT) was developed and validated using data from population-based epidemiological cohorts and clinical trials, but real-world validation has been lacking. The predictive performance of SPLC-RAT was evaluated in a hospital-based cohort of lung cancer survivors. METHODS: The authors analyzed data from 8448 ever-smoking patients diagnosed with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) in 1997-2006 at Mayo Clinic, with each patient followed for SPLC through 2018. The predictive performance of SPLC-RAT and further explored the potential of improving SPLC detection through risk model-based surveillance using SPLC-RAT versus existing clinical surveillance guidelines. RESULTS: Of 8448 IPLC patients, 483 (5.7%) developed SPLC over 26,470 person-years. The application of SPLC-RAT showed high discrimination area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.81). When the cohort was stratified by a 10-year risk threshold of ≥5.6% (i.e., 80th percentile from the SPLC-RAT development cohort), the observed SPLC incidence was significantly elevated in the high-risk versus low-risk subgroup (13.1% vs. 1.1%, p < 1 × 10-6 ). The risk-based surveillance through SPLC-RAT (≥5.6% threshold) outperformed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines with higher sensitivity (86.4% vs. 79.4%) and specificity (38.9% vs. 30.4%) and required 20% fewer computed tomography follow-ups needed to detect one SPLC (162 vs. 202). CONCLUSION: In a large, hospital-based cohort, the authors validated the predictive performance of SPLC-RAT in identifying high-risk survivors of SPLC and showed its potential to improve SPLC detection through risk-based surveillance. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Lung cancer survivors have a high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). However, no evidence-based guidelines for SPLC surveillance are available for lung cancer survivors. Recently, an SPLC risk-prediction model was developed and validated using data from population-based epidemiological cohorts and clinical trials, but real-world validation has been lacking. Using a large, real-world cohort of lung cancer survivors, we showed the high predictive accuracy and risk-stratification ability of the SPLC risk-prediction model. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential to enhance efficiency in detecting SPLC using risk model-based surveillance strategies compared to the existing consensus-based clinical guidelines, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
Assuntos
Sobreviventes de Câncer , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Risco , Fumar , PulmãoRESUMO
Assessing gastrointestinal motility lacks simultaneous evaluation of intraluminal pressure (ILP), circular muscle (CM) and longitudinal muscle (LM) contraction, and lumen emptying. In this study, a sophisticated machine was developed that synchronized real-time recordings to quantify the intricate interplay between CM and LM contractions, and their timings for volume changes using high-resolution cameras with machine learning capability, the ILP using pressure transducers and droplet discharge (DD) using droplet counters. Results revealed four distinct phases, BPhase, NPhase, DPhase, and APhase, distinguished by pressure wave amplitudes. Fluid filling impacted LM strength and contraction frequency initially, followed by CM contraction affecting ILP, volume, and the extent of anterograde, retrograde, and segmental contractions during these phases that result in short or long duration DD. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on peristalsis mechanisms, understand their sequence and how one parameter influenced the other, offering insights for managing peristalsis by regulating smooth muscle contractions.
Assuntos
Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Peristaltismo , Animais , Camundongos , Peristaltismo/fisiologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Intestino DelgadoRESUMO
Gallstone disease (GSD) is a prevalent health condition that impacts many adults and is associated with presence of stones in gallbladder cavity that results in inflammation, pain, fever, nausea and vomiting. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the past have identified genes associated with GSD but only a few were focused on Latino population. To identify genetic risk factors for GSD in Latino population living in the Southwest USA we used self-reported clinical history, physical and lab measurements data in Sangre Por Salud (SPS) cohort and identified participants with and without diagnosis of GSD. We performed a GWAS on this phenotype using GSD cases matched to normal controls based on a tight criterion. We identified several novel loci associated with GSD as well as loci that were previously identified in past GWAS studies. The top 3 loci (MATN2, GPRIN3, GPC6) were strongly associated with GSD phenotype in our combined analysis and a sex stratified analysis results in females were closest to the overall results reflecting a general higher disease prevalence in females. The top identified variants in MATN2, GPRIN3, and GPC6 remain unchanged after local ancestry adjustment in SPS Latino population. Follow-up pathway enrichment analysis suggests enrichment of GO terms that are associated with immunological pathways; enzymatic processes in gallbladder, liver, and gastrointestinal tract; and GSD pathology. Our findings suggest an initial starting point towards better and deeper understanding of differences in gallstone disease pathology, biological mechanisms, and disease progression among Southwest US Latino population.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify and validate novel COVID-19 subphenotypes with potential heterogenous treatment effects (HTEs) using electronic health record (EHR) data and 33 unique biomarkers. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of adults presenting for acute care, with analysis of biomarkers from residual blood collected during routine clinical care. Latent profile analysis (LPA) of biomarker and EHR data identified subphenotypes of COVID-19 inpatients, which were validated using a separate cohort of patients. HTE for glucocorticoid use among subphenotypes was evaluated using both an adjusted logistic regression model and propensity matching analysis for in-hospital mortality. SETTING: Emergency departments from four medical centers. PATIENTS: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on International Classification of Diseases , 10th Revision codes and laboratory test results. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Biomarker levels generally paralleled illness severity, with higher levels among more severely ill patients. LPA of 522 COVID-19 inpatients from three sites identified two profiles: profile 1 ( n = 332), with higher levels of albumin and bicarbonate, and profile 2 ( n = 190), with higher inflammatory markers. Profile 2 patients had higher median length of stay (7.4 vs 4.1 d; p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality compared with profile 1 patients (25.8% vs 4.8%; p < 0.001). These were validated in a separate, single-site cohort ( n = 192), which demonstrated similar outcome differences. HTE was observed ( p = 0.03), with glucocorticoid treatment associated with increased mortality for profile 1 patients (odds ratio = 4.54). CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter study combining EHR data with research biomarker analysis of patients with COVID-19, we identified novel profiles with divergent clinical outcomes and differential treatment responses.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Mortalidade HospitalarRESUMO
In the present work, CdFe2O4/Al2O3 magnetic nanocomposite photocatalyst is successfully synthesized by simple sol-gel auto-combustion method. The role of this sample is studied as a photocatalyst. The influence of Al2O3 concentration with CdFe2O4 on the photocatalytic property is also studied. We have considered three weight percentage of Al2O3, 5%, 10%, and 20% with CdFe2O4. All the samples are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV-Visible, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. The 10% composite sample showed the lower particle size, higher surface area, enhanced porosity, higher saturation magnetization, and considerable band gap as compared to that of 5% and 20% CdFe2O4/Al2O3 as well as bare CdFe2O4 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the sample is evaluated towards the degradation of the xylenol orange (XO) dye under UV light. The degradation process of the dye is monitored spectrophotometrically. The performance in terms of removal efficiency is studied by varying the contact time, dye concentration and amount of catalyst. Among the three concentrations of Al2O3, the 10% weight concentration of Al2O3 with CdFe2O4 is found to be the optimal concentration and showed the higher degradation rate. After 30 min photocatalytic reaction, the degradation rate is 92.29% for 10% CdFe2O4/Al2O3 and for bare CdFe2O4, it is 85.79%. This work provides a new reference for designing Al2O3-based spinel ferrite nanocomposites and their role in wastewater management.
Assuntos
Nanocompostos , Raios Ultravioleta , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Magnetismo , Nanocompostos/química , CatáliseRESUMO
The bacterial pathogen of oily spot disease, a major threat to pomegranate growers, was isolated from infected plant parts of pomegranate collected from orchards in Maharashtra, India. The pathogen was identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) following phenotypic and molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It produced pectinase, cellulase, xylanase in medium and in experimentally inoculated tissues with pathogen where pectinase activity was maximum (32.2 U/g). Pearson correlation analysis showed a perfect positive correlation (P < 0.05) between enzyme activity and disease rating scale. This indicates the co-synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that aid in tissue degradation and suggests their role as virulence factors. Out of 150 indigenously isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris PB6, Lactobacillus brevis PFR77 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris PFL9, the potent antagonists of Xap, were used in the management of bacterial blight. Under laboratory conditions, cell formulation of PB6, PFR77 and PFL9 were equally effective (P > 0.05) and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the infection in fruits. Under field conditions, the disease severity index for the treatments where plants received a spray of PB6 with streptocycline, was lowest (4.61%) as compared to cells (15.74%), culture supernatant (20.66%) and their integrated treatments (21.38%), and streptocycline (15.37%) treatments. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was noticed between cells and streptocycline treatments, thus, indicating the effectiveness of LAB in treating bacterial blight. This is the first report on the use of antagonistic LAB for the control of oily spot disease of pomegranate.
Assuntos
Lactobacillales , Punica granatum , Lactobacillales/genética , Frutas , Poligalacturonase , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , ÍndiaRESUMO
Implants that can be used in the prosthetic rehabilitation of full and partial edentulous patients are now frequently used due to advances in dentistry. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of implant supported fixed vs. removable prosthesis and associated quality of life evaluation. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in an institution, on randomly selected individuals. The study group consisted of adult patients who attended the outpatient Department of Prosthodontics from June 2019-March 2020. Eighty-six thousand (86,000) case sheets were evaluated and Chi-square test, independent t-test and frequency analysis were used to explore the relationship between two variables. Out of the patients, 76.5% preferred fixed prosthesis while 23.5% chose removable prosthesis. Females preferred fixed prosthesis over removable. The young-old age group had more removable prosthesis compared to the middle- and elderly age group. Patients with implant supported fixed dental prosthesis had a better quality of life compared with patients with implant supported overdentures. Esthetic and functional rehabilitation is a preferred option females generally care more about their teeth and looks so wanted more fixed options. The young-old age group preferred removable prosthesis over fixed prosthesis. Patients with implant supported fixed dental prosthesis have a better quality of life compared with patients with implant supported overdentures.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Arcada Edêntula , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Odontólogos , Revestimento de Dentadura , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Mini-implants were introduced as an alternative to standard implants for use in narrow alveolar ridges due to their smaller length and size. They are also used to provide anchorage in orthodontic treatments. Mini-implants offer simplified treatment procedures with a flat learning curve, low cost, and a possible flapless surgical procedure that can decrease post-surgical morbidity. Before being implemented into clinical practice, they were subjected to in vivo testing using animal models as is with all implant research. The biomechanical properties of mini-implants have earned them a high rate of acceptance in treatment among patients. In this review, we focus on mini-implants, extrapolation from mini-implant testing on animal models, and their latest use in dentistry.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica , Processo Alveolar/cirurgia , Animais , Humanos , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica/métodos , Próteses e ImplantesRESUMO
Spontaneous downbeat nystagmus and ocular flutter are rare clinical signs. Such findings are commonly related to cerebellar pathology, predominantly ischemia. In a significant percentage of patients, the cause may not be found. If these signs are associated with ataxia, cognitive decline, and seizure, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-associated neurological syndrome must be suspected. Background history of tumor has to be enquired. Treatment with immune modulation helps in partial recovery of such cases.
RESUMO
We present a case of a 10-year-old boy with 1-month history of proximal more than the distal weakness of all four limbs with myalgias, contractures, and bulbar symptoms on a background history of exertional myalgias for 2 years. His power was grade two-three. Investigations showed elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK). His auto-antibody profile showed anti- nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP2) antibody positivity. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive T2 fat-saturated hyperintense signal changes in the glutei, thigh, and leg muscles suggestive of active myositis. He improved significantly with immunomodulation with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (Iv Ig), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). He was continued on monthly pulse steroids and MMF. He is on regular follow-up. This is a rare case of anti-NXP2 antibody-mediated inflammatory myositis and the first report from India.
Assuntos
Miosite , Autoanticorpos , Criança , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético , Miosite/diagnóstico , Fatores de TranscriçãoRESUMO
Background and Purpose: The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate stroke-related neurological deficits. The aim of this study was to develop Kannada language version of the NIHSS (Ka-NIHSS) and determine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: In the first phase of the study, Ka-NIHSS was adapted based on cultural and linguistic peculiarities. In the next phase, 51 acute stroke patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. The concurrent validity of the Ka-NIHSS was evaluated by comparison with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The predictive validity was assessed by comparison with Barthel Index (BI) score and mRS at a 90-day telephonic follow-up. The reliability was evaluated using the kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement between two independent raters and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. The inter-rater agreement of videotaped assessment of items 9 and 10 between four independent raters was evaluated using kappa statistics. Results: Ka-NIHSS scores highly correlated with GCS (P = -0.74 P < 0.001) and mRS (P = 0.85, P < 0.001) at baseline. It moderately correlated with mRS (P = 0.67, P < 0.001) and BI (P = -0.64, P < 0.001) at 90 days follow up. Inter-rater reliability was high between the two examiners, with kappa values ranging from 0.66 to 0.95. The inter-rater agreements of the video assessment of items 9 and 10 for nine patients among four raters were 0.81 and 1 respectively. Conclusions: Ka-NIHSS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing neurological deficits in Kannada-speaking stroke patients.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The obstetric quality of recovery scoring tool (ObsQoR-11) was developed and validated in the United Kingdom for use after elective and emergency caesarean delivery. Quality of recovery scoring tools validated in one country may not be valid in other countries with significant cultural, socio-economic and linguistic variations. The aim of the current study was to validate a Hindi version of the ObsQoR-11. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, 100 parturients who underwent elective caesarean delivery in a tertiary care obstetric referral university hospital in North India were asked to complete a Hindi version of the ObsQoR-11 scoring tool 24â¯h after surgery. The performance of the Hindi version of ObsQoR-11 was assessed using measures of validity, reliability, and feasibility. RESULTS: The Hindi version of ObsQoR-11 correlated moderately with the global health visual analogue scale (r=0.45, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.59; Pâ¯<0.0001) and discriminated well between good and poor recovery (mean (SD) score 84.6 (9.4) vs 75.0 (11.2); Pâ¯<0.0001). The reliability and internal consistency were moderate (Cronbach's alpha=0.66; Spearman-Brown Prophesy Reliability estimate=0.57) with good repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.85, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93; Pâ¯<0.0001) and no floor or ceiling effects. All parturients completed the questionnaire in a (median (IQR) time of completion of 3 (1.5 - 5.5) min). CONCLUSION: The Hindi version of the ObsQoR-11 questionnaire is a promising scoring tool to evaluate quality of recovery after elective caesarean delivery. Further research is needed to evaluate the Hindi tool in other institutions in India as well as in other languages.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: ">5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was the standard treatment care for colorectal cancer (CRC), however, its efficacy was limited due to safety concerns. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) treatment was found equivalent to 5-FU in efficacy and preferred now due to easy management and convenience in administration. Hence, the present study aims to determine the efficacy and safety associated with CAPOX treatment in a real world non clinical setting. Methods: ">145 treatment-naive and newly diagnosed CRC patients were recruited in the study. Each patient received oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 infusion over 2 hours on day 1 and oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 in divided doses twice daily for the next 14 days of a 21-day cycle. Results: In the adjuvant setting, the observed disease-free survival rate was 62% (n=34) in the colon and 67% (n=15) in the rectum cancer patients at 2 years. The observed overall survival rate in the colon and rectal cancer was 80% (n=44) and 83% (n=18) respectively at 2 years. In the palliative setting the observed progression-free survival rate was 28% (n=13) in the colon and 33% (n=7) in rectal cancer patients at 2 years. The observed OSR at 2 years was 64% (n=30) in the colon and 67% (n=14) in the rectal cancer patients. Thrombocytopenia (17, 11.7%) and diarrhea (8, 5.5%) were the most commonly observed grade 3/4 hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities. Hand-foot syndrome and peripheral neuropathy were the major contributors for dose reduction (14, 9.6%), treatment delay (8, 5.4%), and drug discontinuation (9, 6.1%) in the study cohort. Conclusion: CAPOX treatment was found to be effective but associated with several dose-limiting toxicities.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Retais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Capecitabina/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Oxaliplatina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Retais/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Inhibition of TGFß signaling in concert with a checkpoint blockade has been shown to provide improved and durable antitumor immune response in mouse models. However, on-target adverse cardiovascular effects have limited the clinical use of TGFß receptor (TGFßR) inhibitors in cancer therapy. To restrict the activity of TGFßR inhibitors to tumor tissues and thereby widen the therapeutic index, a series of tumor-activated prodrugs of a selective small molecule TGFßR1 inhibitor 1 were prepared by appending 1 to a serine protease substrate and a half-life extension fatty acid carbon chain. The prodrugs were shown to be selectively metabolized in tumor tissues relative to the heart and blood and demonstrated a prolonged favorable increase in the tumor-to-heart ratio of the active drug in tissue distribution studies. Once-weekly administration of the most tissue-selective compound 10 provided anti-tumor efficacy comparable to the parent compound and reduced systemic exposure of the active drug.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Pró-Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta Tipo I/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Área Sob a Curva , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Pró-Fármacos/química , Pró-Fármacos/farmacocinética , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Distribuição Tecidual , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Implant systems today have come a long way to provide comfort and long-term success rate in patients requiring implant supported prosthesis as part of their oral rehabilitation. It is currently overtaking the other prosthetic treatment especially in the case of replacing anterior teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of age, gender, bone density and implant brands with respect to implants placed in the maxillary anterior region in a private hospital setup. It is a retrospective university setting study performed by evaluating the case histories of patients placed with implants in the anterior region. The data was extracted and subjected to statistical analyses using SPSS software. In this study, D2 bone was most commonly seen in the anterior region followed by D3 and D1. D1 and D3 bone were prevalent in patients in the age group of 41 to 60 years and D2 bone was prevalent in the group of 26-40 years. Males showed greater bone density than females. Implant brand Straumann Roxolid SLActive was mostly used in the anterior region and most of the implants are placed equicrestal in position. As a practitioner, one should have clear knowledge on implant brand, bone densities, crestal relation and age association in order to exert a successful treatment response in the future.