Edwardsiella tarda in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): A Pathogenicity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Genetic Analysis of Brazilian Isolates.

Edwardsiella tarda is a crucial pathogenic bacterium in tropical aquaculture. This bacterium was recently isolated from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a commercially important fish species in Brazil. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the tambaqui-derived E. tarda isolates. Fourteen bacterial isolates isolated from tambaqui were identified as E. tarda by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and dnaJ gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against seven drugs using the disc diffusion assay. The pathogenicity test conducted by intraperitoneal injection of 2.4 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) fish-1 of E. tarda (ED38-17) into tambaqui juveniles eventually revealed that neither clinical signs nor death were present. However, splenomegaly and whitish areas in the spleen and kidneys were observed. The histological investigation also revealed granulomatous splenitis, nephritis, and hepatitis occurring internally. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting separated the 14 isolates into three genetic groups. The antibiogram revealed that all E. tarda isolates were wild-type (WT) to florfenicol (FLO), norfloxacin (NOR), neomycin (NEO), erythromycin (ERY), and oxytetracycline (OXY); however, some were non-wild-type to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (7.1%) and amoxicillin (21.4%). Therefore, through experimental infection, E. tarda ED38-17 could induce pathogenic effects in C. macropomum. Additionally, three distinct genetic types were found, and the E. tarda isolates were WT to FLO, NOR, NEO, ERY, and OXY. These findings raise awareness of a bacteria causing unseen lesions, a pathogen that will potentially impact tambaqui aquaculture in the future.

Reproduction of the Blue Jack Mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, in Western Portugal: Microscopic Gonad Analysis Reveals Indeterminate Fecundity and Skipped Spawning Patterns.

Blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, is the fifth most landed fish species in mainland Portugal, but information on its reproductive biology is scarce. From September 2018 to August 2019, 626 specimens were collected from commercial vessels to clarify the reproductive strategy of the T. picturatus population off the west coast of Portugal. The proportion and length range of males and females were similar. Only three of the specimens collected were categorized as immature, indicating that the fish caught in the fishery are primarily mature. The spawning season lasted from late January until the end of March, with gonadosomatic indices being similar for males and females. Fecundity was indeterminate, and estimated batch fecundity ranged between 6,798 (at 25.4 cm TL) and 302,358 oocytes (at 33.8 cm TL). The low number of females showing direct evidence of imminent or recent spawning suggests a low number of spawning events. In addition, 12.7% of females were considered non-reproductive due to ovary abnormalities including parasitic infection by Kudoa species, atretic structures and skipped spawning events. This study highlights the importance of accounting for skipped spawning events and ovary abnormalities in the management of species fisheries.

Seasonal study of the nutritional composition of unexploited and low commercial value fish species from the Portuguese coast.

Target species diversification is essential for fisheries sustainability and fish market revitalization. Fish discards are a widely recognized problem resulting from fisheries worldwide, and are of major concern for all sector players, from administrations, to fishermen, and scientists. However, non-target species are seldom studied, and information on nutritional profiles and seasonal changes in nutritional properties is generally lacking. This study assessed the seasonal nutritional composition of two unexploited (Serranus cabrilla, Capros aper) and three low commercial value fish species (Trachurus picturatus, Spondyliosoma cantharus, and Trigla lyra), captured on the Portuguese coast over 1 year. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the nutritional composition of all the species studied. Moisture and ash contents varied from 70% to 81% and from 5% to 13%, respectively. The maximum fat contents were 5% for C. aper and 4% for T. picturatus, allowing to classify all studied fishes as lean. The highest protein contents were recorded for C. aper (25%) and S. cantharus (20%). The unexploited and low commercial value fish species studied were shown to be good fat and protein sources, comparable to commonly consumed species, such as cod and salmon, having a great potential to become commonly consumed fish in Portugal.

Enhancing knowledge on low-value fishing species: the distinct reproductive strategy of two gurnard species.

The depletion and overexploitation of several fish stock demands for a valorisation of non-target and discarded species. Nonetheless, such species are often poorly studied, and information on their biological parameters must be gathered for effective population management. For 1 year, the reproductive strategy of the piper gurnard Trigla lyra and the red gurnard Chelidonichthys cuculus was studied by monthly samples obtained from commercial boats operating on western Portuguese coast. Both species showed a biased sex ratio towards females, especially for larger length classes. Length at first maturity could be estimated only for red gurnard (22.1 and 19.9 cm for females and males, respectively) because all piper gurnard individuals caught were mature. Piper gurnard showed determinate fecundity and a short spawning season, from November to February with a peak in January, whereas red gurnard showed indeterminate fecundity and a wide spawning season, from late December to May. The relative annual fecundity estimated for red gurnard (1893 ± 728 oocytes × g-1 eviscerated weight [EW]) was higher than the one estimated for piper gurnard (1018 ± 250 oocytes×g-1 EW). Although important information for understanding the species dynamics is presented in this study, additional information on other life-history parameters and of species landings is required.

Adding Value to Bycatch Fish Species Captured in the Portuguese Coast-Development of New Food Products.

We live in a world of limited biological resources and ecosystems, which are essential to feed people. Consequently, diversifying target species and considering full exploitation are essential for fishery sustainability. The present study focuses on the valorization of three low commercial value fish species (blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus; black seabream, Spondyliosoma cantharus; and piper gurnard, Trigla lyra) and of two unexploited species (comber, Serranus cabrilla and boarfish, Capros aper) through the development of marine-based food products with added value. A preliminary inquiry with 155 consumers from Região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (Center of Portugal) was conducted to assess fish consumption, the applicability of fish product innovation, and the importance of valorizing discarded fish. Five products (black seabream ceviche, smoked blue jack mackerel pâté, dehydrated piper gurnard, fried boarfish, and comber pastries) were developed and investigated for their sensory characteristics and consumer liking by hedonic tests to 90 consumers. The most important descriptors were identified for each product (texture, flavor, color, and appearance). Comber pastries had the highest purchase intention (88%), followed by black seabream ceviche (85%) and blue jack mackerel pâté (76%). Sensory evaluations showed a clear tendency of consumers to accept reformulated products, with the introduction of the low-value and unexploited species under study.

Age and growth of Brauer's lanternfish Gymnoscopelus braueri and rhombic lanternfish Krefftichthys anderssoni (Family Myctophidae) in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean.

This study examines age and growth of Brauer's lanternfish Gymnoscopelus braueri and rhombic lanternfish Krefftichthys anderssoni from the Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean, through the analysis of annual growth increments deposited on sagittal otoliths. Otolith pairs from 177 G. braueri and 118 K. anderssoni were collected in different seasons from the region between 2004 and 2009. Otolith-edge analysis suggested a seasonal change in opaque and hyaline depositions, indicative of an annual growth pattern, although variation within the populations of both species was apparent. Age estimates varied from 1 to 6 years for G. braueri (40 to 139 mm standard length; LS ) and from 0 to 2 years for K. anderssoni (26 to 70 mm LS ). Length-at-age data were broadly consistent with population cohort parameters identified in concurrent length-frequency data from the region for both species. The estimated values of von Bertalanffy growth curves for G. braueri were L∞ = 133.22 mm, k = 0.29 year-1 and t0 = -0.21 year and the values for K. anderssoni were L∞ = 68.60 mm, k = 0.71 year-1 and t0 = -0.49 year. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in growth between sexes for either species, suggesting that males and females have similar growth and development trajectories in the Scotia Sea. A positive allometric relationship between LS and wet mass was found for each species, as well as a significant (P < 0.0001) linear relationship between otolith size and LS . Growth performance (Ф') was similar between the two species and congruent with other myctophid species across the Southern Ocean. This study provides important parameters for future Southern Ocean ecosystem studies in a resource management context.

Ichthyological collection of the Museu Oceanográfico D. Carlos I.

The collection of the Museu Oceanográfico D. Carlos I is a historical specimen, instrument, and document collection that has been housed at the Aquário Vasco da Gama since 1935. The collection is largely the result of several scientific campaigns conducted by Dom Carlos de Bragança between 1896 and 1907. Specifically, the ichthyological collection consists of 675 surviving catalogue records of specimens caught, acquired or offered to D. Carlos I between 1892 to 1907, and includes the type specimen for Odontaspis nasutus Bragança, 1904 (junior synonym of Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898), along with several specimens of deep sea species. All specimens were captured in coastal Portuguese waters, and were preserved in alcohol, formalin, or mounted.

Confiabilidade da fotogrametria na medida do deslocamento vertical da alçada de egg no nado sincronizado / Reliability of photogrammetry in the measure of vertical displacement boost in synchronized swimming

A alçada de egg (AE), movimento típico do nado sincronizado, é uma técnica de propulsão vertical que é empregada com o intuito de projetar a maior parte do corpo da atleta acima da superficie da água, no qual o deslocamento vertical é fator de grande relevânica no julgamento do desempenho. Nas provas de nado sincronizado a quantificação do desempenho é realizada visualmente. No entanto, a utilização da avaliação visual para julgar o desempenho da AE não contempla as sutis diferenças de desempenho físico, traduzido na altura que a atleta consegue projetar parte de seu corpo acima da superficie da água. Devido a sua aplicabilidade prática e precisão, o método da fotogrametria foi escolhido para determinação do deslocamento vertical da AE. O objetivo foi calcular a confiabilidade do método de fotogrametria (intra e inter avaliadores) e da medida (estabilidade e consistência interna) de deslocamento vertical durante a AE. Participaram do estudo 10 atletas da Seleção Brasileira de Nado Sincronizado (20,9 ± 2,3 anos; 163,1 ±4,5 cm; 56,0 ± 4,4 kg e 19,0 ± 3,1% de gordura corporal). Para a determinação da confiabilidade foram utilizados o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) e o erro típico da medida (ETM) absoluto e relativo. O método apresentou CCI de 0,995 e 0,993 para análise intra e inter avaliadores, respectivamente, e ETM de 0,5% para ambas as condições. Na consistência interna da AE, constatou-se uma média CCI de 0,94 ± 0,03 e ETM 0,34% ± 0,07%, e para estabilidade encontrou-se CCI médio de 0,87 ± 0,04 e ETM 0,49% ± 0,06%. Concluiu-se que o método apresentou valores altos intra e inter avaliador, e a medida apresentou valores moderado para a estabilidade e alto para consistência interna.

Boost is a typical technique of the Synchronized swimming, characterized by the projection of the athlete up, where the vertical displacement is an important factor in performance judgment. For their practical applicability and accuracy, the photogrammetry method was chosen for determine the vertical displacement. The objective was to calculate the reliability within and between judges of the method and measure of vertical displacement during the boost. Participated ten athletes of the Synchronized Swimming Brazilian team (20.9 ± 2.3 years; 163.1 ± 4.5 cm; 56.0 ± 4.4 kg and 19.0 ± 3.1% body fat). To determine the reliability were used the intra-class correlation and the typical error of measurement (TEM) absolute and relative. The method presented ICC of 0.995 and 0.993, within and between judges, respectively, with TEM of 0.5% for both. In internal consistency was found an average ICC 0.94 ± 0.03 and TEM 0.34% ± 0.07%, and stability met mean ICC 0.87 ± 0.04, ETM 0.49% ± 0.06%. We conclude that the method presented high values within and between judges and the measured presented values moderate to stability and high for internal consistency.

Avaliaçäo pré-operatória do pneumopata / Preoperative assessment of lung disease patients

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As complicações pulmonares säo as causas mais freqüentes de morbimortalidade pós-operatória, especialmente nos pneumopatas. Por essa razäo, esses pacientes devem ser criteriosamente avaliados e preparados no pré-operatório, tanto do ponto de vista clínico como laboratorial. O objetivo da presente revisäo é determinar o risco cirúrgico e estabelecer condutas pré-operatórias para minimizar a morbimortalidade per e pós-operatórias, nos portadores de doenças respiratórias. CONTEUDO: As principais repercussöes do ato anestésico-cirúrgico na funçäo pulmonar foram relatadas. Da mesma forma, procurou-se selecionar os pacientes de maior risco, envolvidos ou näo em ressecçäo pulmonar. Para esse fim, utilizou-se da propedêutica clínica e laboratorial. Finalmente, foi apresentada uma proposta de algoritmo pré-operatório para os procedimentos com ressecçäo pulmonar. CONCLUSÕES: O portador de doença respiratória, especialmente as de evoluçäo crônica, necessita ser rigorosamente avaliado no pré-operatório. A classificaçäo do estado físico (ASA) e o índice de Goldman säo fatores de previsäo de risco importantes nos pneumopatas näo-candidatos à ressecçäo pulmonar. Somando-se a esses critérios, nos candidatos à ressecçäo pulmonar, o VO2 max, o VEF1e capacidade de difusäo estimados para o pós-operatório, säo imprescindíveis, em algumas situações. Os beta2-agonistas e corticóides devem ser considerados nos pré-operatórios desses pacientes

[Preoperative assessment of lung disease patients.]. / Avaliação pré-operatória do pneumopata.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lung complications are the most frequent causes of postoperative morbidity-mortality, especially in lung disease patients. So, those patients should be preoperatively carefully evaluated and prepared, both clinically and laboratorially. This review aimed at determining surgical risk and at establishing preoperative procedures to minimize peri and postoperative morbidity-mortality in lung disease patients. CONTENTS: Major anesthetic-surgical repercussions in lung function have already been described. Similarly, we tried to select higher-risk patients, submitted or not to lung resection. To that end, clinical and laboratorial propedeutics were used. Finally, a proposal of a preoperative algorithm was presented for procedures with lung resection. CONCLUSIONS: Lung disease patients, especially those with chronic evolution, need to be preoperatively thoroughly evaluated. ASA physical status and Goldmans cardiac index are important risk forecasting factors for lung disease patients not candidates for lung resection. Adding to these criteria, estimated postoperative max VO2, FEV1 and diffusion capacity are mandatory for some patients submitted to lung resection. beta2-agonists and steroids should be considered in the preoperative period of these patients.

Alterações oculares após capsulotomia posterior com nd: yag laser: estudo comparativo com e sem uso de colírios timolol 0, 5 / e dexametasona 0, 1 / Ocular damages after Nd: yag laser posterior capsulotomy: comparative study with and without the use of timolol 0, 5 and dexamethasone 0, 1 eyedrops

Objetivo: Analisar as complicações e necessidade do uso de drogas antiinflamatórias e hipotensoras oculares após o procedimento com laser de Nd: YAG para tratamento de opacidade de cápsula posterior após facectomia extra-capsular não complicada. Método: Estudo prospectivo randomizado de 35 olhos de 35 pacientes submetidos a capsulotomia com Nd: YAG laser sem outra patologia ocular ou sistêmica. Após o procedimento, dividimos os pacientes em dois grupos. Grupo I (controle) que não fez uso de medicação no período pós-laser e o grupo II que usou colírio antiinflamatório e hipotensor pós-laser. Resultado: Entre as complicações, a mais freqüente nos dois grupos foi a hipertensão ocular (85% Grupo I e 73,33% Grupo II) que ocorreu após 3 horas pós laser. Na avaliação após 24 horas, 9 olhos do grupo I e 2 do grupo II apresentavam níveis aumentados de pressão ocular. A reação inflamatória com células em câmara anterior esteve presente em 2 olhos (1%) do Grupo I até o 7dia após o procedimento, enquanto que no Grupo II em todos os casos, após o 3 dia do laser, já não encontramos células em câmara anterior. Não foram encontradas alterações oculares severas que pudessem levar a baixa de acuidade visual. Conclusão: Uso de Nd: YAG laser é um procedimento seguro e hipotensores oculares associados a corticóides tópicos diminuem os riscos de complicações como hipertensão ocular e reação inflamatória em câmara anterior.

Atividades hidrolíticas de amostras de conteúdo do intestino delgado de bovinos adultos, infectados ou näo por Eurytrema sp, determinadas por difusäo radial enzimática / Hydrolytic activities of small intestine content as determined by radial enzyme diffusion in Eurytrema sp infected or non infected cattle

Empregando-se difusäo radial enzimática em ágargel, atividades hidrolíticas de amostras de conteúdo do intestino delgado de 38 bovinos adultos de matadouro foram mensuradas em animais agrupados como possuidores de pâncreas hígidos (controle) e parasitados por Eurytrema sp, estes, segundo dois graus de infecçäo reconhecidos. Para tal, foram empregados quatro substratos, dos quais caseinato de cálcio e óleo de milho tiveram de ser desconsiderados porque, no caso deles, näo houve formaçäo de halos ou estes apresentaram limites imprecisos. Apesar desses problemas näo terem ocorrido quando o substrato era leite em pó desnatado ou amido, as atividades hidrolíticas encontradas foram equivalentes, independentemente da condiçäo de parasitismo e grau de infecçäo verificados (P>0,05). Concluiu-se, entäo, que a técnica de difusäo radial enzimática, pelo menos com os substratos empregados, foi incapaz de acusar disfunçöes pancreáticas exócrinas em bovinos infectados por Eurytrema sp.

Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial com Bupovicaína e Morfina para Alívio da Dor Pós-Operatória em Cirurgia de Membro Superior / Brachial plexus block with bupivacaine and morphine for postoperative analgesia following surgery on the upper extremities

The effectiveness of morphine, administered into the brachial plexus, for postoperative pain control following surgery on the upper extremities, was evaluated in 20 patients. All patients, aged 15-45 years, allocated into two groups, received 35 ml of 0.33 percent bupivacaine, injected into the brachial plexus using the supraclavicular technique. In addition to the local anesthetic, 10 patients in Group II received morphine hydrocloride 50 ug/Kg. Using a three-point pain scale, the quality of analgesia was evaluated at a 12, 24 and 36 hours postoperatively. A significant difference in the quality of analgesia was found, being consistently superior with morphine (Group II). We conclude that morphine injection into the brachial plexus is an efficient way to assure control of postoperative pain after surgery on the upper extremities