[Effects of gamma-irradiation on survival, growth and productivity of broiler chicken]. / Deistvie gamma-izlucheniia na vyzhivaemost', razvitie i produktivnost' tsypliat broilerov.

In experiments with broiler chicken the influence of gamma-irradiation (137Cs) to survive and productivity of meat poultry was studied. LD50/30 increased from 10.0 to 18.7 Gy with increasing of the age of the irradiated chicken from 3 to 40 days and reduced from 18.3 to 11.9 Gy with increasing of a dose rate from 1.0 to 40.0 Gy/h. As a rule, death of chicken was observed between 4th and 15th days after the exposure; the most early dates of poultry death were found at irradiation dose rate of 40.0 Gy/h. The exposure to doses of 8-20 Gy resulted in stunted growth; in comparison with control group the mass reduced by 22-32 g per each 1 Gy, lowering of meat productivity by 36%.

[Effects of gamma-irradiation on broiler-6 and Leghorn chicken]. / Vliianie gamma-izlucheniia na tsypliat broiler-6 i leggornov.

The influence of various doses of external radiation to survive, growth and productivity of hybrid broiler and egg-laying leghorn chicken was studied in comparative aspect. It was found that broiler radio-resistanse is 1.5 times higher than that of leghorns: LD50/30 of 10-days broilers is equal to 16.3 +/- 0.7 Gy, while LD50/30 of 10-days leghorns is equal to 11.0 +/- 0.9 Gy.

[Regularities in forming chromosome aberrations in cattle lymphocytes from irradiation in vitro]. / Zakonomernosti obrazovaniia aberratsii khromosom v limfotsitakh krovi krupnogo rogatogo skota pri obluchenii in vitro.

Aberrations in lymphocytes of cattle blood exposed to gamma-radiation with doses from 1 to 7 Gy were studied. The rate of variable cells depended linearly on the irradiation dose, whereas the total frequency of aberrations, as well as that of dicentric and annular chromosomes followed a linear-quadratic dependence.

[Regularities in forming chromosome aberrations in cattle lymphocytes in external and combined radiation exposure]. / Zakonomernosti obrazovaniia aberratsii khromosom v limfotsitakh krovi krupnogo rogatogo skota pri vneshnem i sochetannom radiatsionnom vozdeistvii.

Aberrations in lymphocytes of cattle blood exposed to gamma-radiation and combined radiation were found. It was shown that seven days after the exposure to doses from 64.5 to 103.3 mC/kg a number of aberration varied in the range from 16.1 to 37.7 per 100 cells, whereas a frequency of aberrated cells was from 13.5 to 29.8. After the exposure to 77.3 mC/h and the following inclusion of fused radioactive particles into the fodder (48.1-762.2 Mbq/kg of the live weight), the number of aberrations increased from 25.5 up to 55.0 per 100 cells and the number of aberrated cells increased from 21 up to 43%.

The mobility of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural soils in the Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia, 1991.

Results are presented from studies concerning the behavior of the Chernobyl-derived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in soil-plant agricultural systems in the Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia during 1991. The sites, representing ploughed and natural pastures, were located at varying distances between 50 and 650 km and varying directions from the Chernobyl reactor site. The 137Cs activity concentrations in the upper 0-5 cm soil layer ranged from 25-1,000 kBq m-2 and were higher in natural pastures as compared to ploughed pastures. For 90Sr, activity levels ranged from 1.4-40 kBq m-2, and the highest 90Sr deposition was observed in the Gomel Region, Belarus. The highest 90Sr: 137Cs ratio was also observed in the Gomel soils, i.e., 15% as compared to between 0.72 and 7.4% in the other soils. The mobility of radionuclides was studied by means of sequential extraction. For all soils, between 60 and 95% of the 137Cs was found to be strongly bound to soil components. In the Russian and Ukrainian soils, between 40 and 98% of the 90Sr was found in the easily extractable fractions, and the distribution of 137Cs and 90Sr followed that of the naturally occurring stable isotopes of cesium and strontium. However, in the Gomel soils, between 20 and 50% of the 90Sr was easily extractable and the distribution of 90Sr within the extraction fractions did not follow that observed for stable strontium. These results are thought to reflect the association of 90Sr with fuel particles deposited in the Gomel Region. The mobility of 90Sr is expected to increase with time (as the particles weather) in these soils.

[Modification of Ca2+ metabolism in the blood cells of cattle with radiation-induced thyroid disorder after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident]. / Modifikatsiia obmena Ca2+ v kletkakh krovi korov s radiatsionnym povrezhdeniem shchitovidnoi zhelezy posle avarii na Chernobylskoi AES.

Increasing of Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm and of the rate of 45Ca iflux into cows erythrocytes in 19-24 month after Chernobyl accident was revealed. Correlation between Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm of erythrocytes and thyroxin content in plasma of cows with radioiodine damage of thyroid gland was found. Reduction of the rate of 45Ga influx into erythrocytes in cows with radiation doses of 20-60 By on thyroid gland was shown in later time after accident (3-5 years). Changes in Ca2+ permeability through membranes of erythrocytes and neutrophils after injection of 131I into calves in doses of 300 Gy and more on thyroid gland was found.