Coordination between physical education teachers and physical therapists in physical education classes: the case of the autonomous community of Madrid in Spain / Coordenação entre professores de educação física e fisioterapeuta durante aulas de educação física: o caso da comunidade autônoma de Madrid na Espanha / Coordinación entre profesores de educación física y fisioterapeuta durante las clases de educación física: el caso e la comunidad autónoma de Madrid en España

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyse Physical Education (PE) teachers' perceptions about inclusion of students with physical disabilities in regular PE classes and how such inclusion could be improved by the contribution of other professionals. The information was obtained through a questionnaire administered to 56 PE teachers and an interview with nine PE teachers and four physical therapists. The results reveal PE teachers' concern and uncertainty about providing quality attention to students with physical disabilities in their classes and their demand for specific training and support in class. They see the need for support from professionals such as Physical Therapists' when working with students with motor disabilities. We suggest further examination of the barriers faced by both professionals, their views on PE teachers and the physical therapists' role, as well as their willingness to collaborate with each other

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar e analisar as percepções dos professores que lecionam Educação Física (EF) a alunos com deficiência nas classes inclusivas de EF e como melhorar essa inclusão ao colaborar com o fisioterapeuta. A informação foi obtida através de um questionário administrado a 56 professores, que foi completado com entrevistas com nove deles e quatro fisioterapeutas. Os resultados mostram a preocupação e a incerteza dos professores sobre como servir os alunos com deficiência, a fim de oferecer uma educação de qualidade inclusiva e treinamento de demanda e suporte específico em suas aulas. Professores consideram necessário receber apoio de profissionais, como o fisioterapeuta, para que possam ajudar os alunos com deficiência motora. Sugerimos continuar a examinar as barreiras de ambos os profissionais, suas concepções de professores de EF e o papel do fisioterapeuta, bem como a sua vontade de colaborar entre si

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar y analizar las percepciones del profesorado de educación física que imparte clases al alumnado con discapacidad en las clases inclusivas de Educación Física y cómo mejorar esa inclusión cuando se colabora con el fisioterapeuta. Se obtuvo la información mediante un cuestionario administrado a 56 profesores, que se completó con entrevistas a nueve de ellos y a cuatro fisioterapeutas. Los resultados muestran la preocupación e incertidumbre del profesorado sobre cómo atender al alumnado con discapacidad para poder ofrecer una educación inclusiva de calidad y la demanda de capacitación y apoyos específicos en sus clases. El profesorado considera necesario el apoyo del fisioterapeuta como profesional adecuado para ayudar al alumnado con discapacidad motriz. Sugerimos seguir examinando las barreras de ambos profesionales, sus concepciones de EF y el papel del fisioterapeuta, así como su disposición a colaborar entre ellos

Novel combination proliposomes containing tobramycin and clarithromycin effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Tobramycin (TOB) and clarithromycin (CLA) can potentially be used synergistically for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This study aimed to develop a novel combination proliposome formulation (TOB/CLA-CPROLips) containing both hydrophilic TOB and hydrophobic CLA via a core-carrier approach. The combination proliposomes were produced by spray drying a suspension comprising spray-driedmannitol (SD-MAN, 0.45%) and spray-dried tobramycin (SD-TOB, 0.05%) particles suspended in an ethanolic lipid solution of CLA (0.05%). The lipid layer coated on the surface of the dry proliposome particles conferred moisture protection and sustained drug release properties in comparison to the pure drugs. The optimized TOB/CLA-CPROLips formulation was stable after 3 months of storage at 60% relative humidity (RH) and 25 °C. The combination drug proliposomes showed a synergistic antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and biofilm cultures of P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the core-carrier method coupled with spray-drying provided a novel approach for the preparation of combination antibiotics proliposomes.

Nebulization effects on structural stability of bacteriophage PEV 44.

Reduced infectivity of phage due to the nebulization process has been reported previously, but no visual evidence on structural change upon nebulization has been established, or whether these structural changes can be attributed to the titer reduction. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to assess the impact of three different types of nebulizers, air-jet, vibrating-mesh and static-mesh nebulizers, on the structural stability of a Myoviridae phage, PEV44, active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The morphology of the phage in the nebulized samples was categorized into two groups: "whole" (the capsid and tail held together) and "broken" (the capsid separated from the tail) phages. The "whole" phage group was further divided into three sub-groups: (1) intact, (2) contracted tail and (3) empty capsid. The starting stock suspension was found to contain considerable portions of "broken" phages (35.5 ±â€¯6.7%), "whole" phages with contracted tails (9.9 ±â€¯5.4%) and empty capsids (19.3 ±â€¯8.9%). The fraction of "broken" phages was significantly increased after nebulization, with the air-jet nebulizer (83%) being more pronounced than the mesh type nebulizers (50-60%). While the amount of intact phages (2-10%) and whole phages with contracted tails (0-3%) were significantly decreased, the proportion of phages with empty capsids (15-36%) were not significantly different. Phages with broken features obtained by TEM quantification were 92.9 ±â€¯3.2%, 74.8 ±â€¯10.4% and 71.2 ±â€¯11.0% for the jet, vibrating-mesh and static-mesh nebulizers, respectively. These results were found to be comparable with the titer loss obtained by the conventional plaque assay results. The in vitro aerosol performance and viable phage delivery of the three nebulizers was also assessed. The Omron nebulizer achieved a significantly higher viable respirable fraction (VRF) than the SideStream and Aeroneb Go (15.1 ±â€¯5.8%, 2.4 ±â€¯2.0%, 4.1 ±â€¯2.7% respectively). In conclusion, this study identified various changes in the phage structure and viability of phage from different types of nebulizers. Understanding these effects and the phage tolerance to nebulization stresses can potentially improve our choice of the delivery method for inhaled phage therapy.