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1.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 109(4): 740-747, 2023 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37604472

RESUMO

Tuberculosis remains a challenge in both rural and urban areas. Although a majority of countries display a higher burden in urban areas compared with rural areas, Panama continues to report the highest mortality rate in Central America. Urban areas, such as Panama City, report a high tuberculosis burden, whereas Panama's western region, including the provinces of Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro (both semiurban) and Ngäbe-Bugle (rural), show a lower burden. We aimed to identify highly transmitted Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains within rural and semiurban settings of Panama's western region during a 3-year period (2017, 2019, 2021). We randomly selected 87 M. tuberculosis isolates from a biobank from Panama's western region and analyzed them using allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction and 24-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Our results show only 11.7% (10/85) of M. tuberculosis strains identified as prevalent A-Beijing, B-Haarlem, or C-LAM Strains. We found a low prevalence of A, B, and C M. tuberculosis strains in both rural and semirural settings compared with isolates collected from the Eastern Colon Province. MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed a high degree of diversity with no clusters with single loci variation of ≥ 2 loci. These results support the notion that tuberculosis prevalence in the rural and semiurban western region of Panama are not due to previously described highly transmitted strains but is influenced instead by other health determinants, including poor health system access and a lack of systematic transmission chain monitoring. For remote rural and semiurban settings, we recommend allocating resources to reinforce efforts to prevent tuberculosis spread.

2.
Phys Rev E ; 108(1-1): 014128, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37583134

RESUMO

A study of the effect of thermal dissipation on quantum reinforcement learning is performed. For this purpose, a nondissipative quantum reinforcement learning protocol is adapted to the presence of thermal dissipation. Analytical calculations as well as numerical simulations are carried out, obtaining evidence that dissipation does not significantly degrade the performance of the quantum reinforcement learning protocol for sufficiently low temperatures, in some cases even being beneficial. Quantum reinforcement learning under realistic experimental conditions of thermal dissipation opens an avenue for the realization of quantum agents to be able to interact with a changing environment, as well as adapt to it, with many plausible applications inside quantum technologies and machine learning.

3.
Phys Rev E ; 104(6-1): 064204, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35030830

RESUMO

In this paper we bring out the existence of a kind of synchronization associated with the size of a complex system. A dichotomic random jump process associated with the dynamics of an externally driven stochastic system with N coupled units is constructed. We define an output frequency and phase diffusion coefficient. System size synchronization occurs when the average output frequency is locked to the external one and the average phase diffusion coefficient shows a very deep minimum for a range of system sizes. Analytical and numerical procedures are introduced to study the phenomenon, and the results describe successfully the existence of system size synchronization.

4.
Rev. medica electron ; 42(1): 1632-1641, ene.-feb. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1127020

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: el crecimiento dinámico de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones ha posibilitado que la bibliometría experimente un desarrollo ascendente en el análisis de las publicaciones seriadas. Objetivo: evaluar los indicadores métricos de la Revista Médica Electrónica a través de Google Académico. Materiales y métodos: estudio bibliométrico descriptivo de los artículos científicos de la Revista Médica Electrónica recuperados mediante la base de datos Google Académico con medidas iniciales en el año 2013 y finales en el 2017; haciendo uso del software Publish or Perish versión 6.27. Se declaró la confidencialidad de los datos obtenidos en el mismo y que a su vez estos no serán utilizados con fines de lucro. Resultados: se publicaron 715 artículos científicos con 889 citaciones realizadas; el promedio de 177,80; 1,24 y 347,16 citas por año, artículos y autor respectivamente. Los índices cienciométricos que posee la publicación corresponden a un índice h de 12, un índice g de 17, un índice hI, norm de 6 y índice hI, anual de 1,20. Se destacaron tres artículos que fueron los puntearon en la obtención de satisfactorios índices bibliométricos. Conclusiones: la Revista Médica Electrónica mostró indicadores bibliométricos de visibilidad y productividad de valor científico a través de la calidad en los manuscritos publicados (AU).


SUMMARY Introduction: the dynamic growth of information and communications technologies has enabled bibliometrics to experience an upward development in the analysis of serial publications. Objective: to evaluate the metric indicators of the Electronic Medical Journal through Google Scholar. Material and methods: descriptive bibliometric study of the scientific articles of the Electronic Medical Journal recovered through the Google Academic database with initial measures in 2013 and final in 2017; using the Publish or Perish software version 6.27. The confidentiality of the data obtained in it was declared and that in turn these will not be used for profit. Results: 715 scientific articles were published with 889 citations made; the average of 177.80; 1.24 and 347.16 citations per year, articles and author respectively. The Scientometric Indexes that the publication has correspond to an index h of 12, an index g of 17, an index hI, norm of 6 and index hI, annual of 1.20. Three articles were highlighted that were the points in obtaining satisfactory bibliometric indexes. Conclusions: the Electronic Medical Journal showed bibliometric indicators of visibility and productivity of scientific value through quality in published manuscripts (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Bibliometria , Publicação Periódica , Publicações Seriadas/tendências , Índice de Periódicos , Base de Dados , Eficiência
5.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol ; 6(10): 1949-1960, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31520525

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study if treatment with triheptanoin, a 7-carbon triglyceride, improves exercise tolerance in patients with McArdle disease. McArdle patients have a complete block in glycogenolysis and glycogen-dependent expansion of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which may restrict fat oxidation. We hypothesized that triheptanoin metabolism generates substrates for the TCA, which potentially boosts fat oxidation and improves exercise tolerance in McArdle disease. METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in patients with McArdle disease completing two treatment periods of 14 days each with a triheptanoin or placebo diet (1 g/kg/day). Primary outcome was change in mean heart rate during 20 min submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Secondary outcomes were change in peak workload and oxygen uptake along with changes in blood metabolites and respiratory quotients. RESULTS: Nineteen of 22 patients completed the trial. Malate levels rose on triheptanoin treatment versus placebo (8.0 ± SD2.3 vs. 5.5 ± SD1.8 µmol/L, P < 0.001), but dropped from rest to exercise (P < 0.001). There was no difference in exercise heart rates between triheptanoin (120 ± SD16 bpm) and placebo (121 ± SD16 bpm) treatments. Compared with placebo, triheptanoin did not change the submaximal respiratory quotient (0.82 ± SD0.05 vs. 0.84 ± SD0.03), peak workload (105 ± SD38 vs. 102 ± SD31 Watts), or peak oxygen uptake (1938 ± SD499 vs. 1977 ± SD380 mL/min). INTERPRETATION: Despite increased resting plasma malate with triheptanoin, the increase was insufficient to generate a normal TCA turnover during exercise and the treatment has no effect on exercise capacity or oxidative metabolism in patients with McArdle disease.


Assuntos
Tolerância ao Exercício , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio Tipo V/dietoterapia , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio Tipo V/metabolismo , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem
6.
Edumecentro ; 9(2): 46-62, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-840251

RESUMO

Fundamento: el acceso adecuado y actualizado a la información científico-técnica es esencial para el desarrollo socioeconómico, la toma de decisiones y la práctica profesional. Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica a través de estadísticas e indicadores de SciELO que permiten cuantificar el uso e impacto de EDUMECENTRO entre 2012 y el primer semestre de 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque retrospectivo, sobre la producción científica de EDUMECENTRO, en el que se emplearon métodos teóricos: el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo, y el análisis documental como método empírico. Los resultados obtenidos se muestran en gráficos y tablas de contingencia mediante números absolutos y porcentaje. Resultados: se caracterizaron las estadísticas de producción, visibilidad e impacto y de consulta. El año de mayor cantidad de artículos publicados fue 2014, en este predominó el acceso de consultas a los números publicados. Los factores de impacto para dos y tres años decrecieron lo cual no significa necesariamente que el impacto de la revista esté decayendo, ya que el comportamiento de las citas es acumulativo. Se mostraron los fascículos con más de cien accesos por la comunidad científica. Conclusiones: los indicadores estudiados colocan la revista en los primeros lugares de la región. Los artículos publicados son consustanciales con los volúmenes en el año. Predominaron las citas recibidas de la propia editorial y país de publicación. El factor de impacto decreció, dato que se tomó de forma autocrítica para la perfección del proceso editorial, imprescindible en los quehaceres investigativos.


Background: Adequate and updated access to scientific and technical information is essential for socio-economic development, decision-making and professional practice. Objective: to characterize the scientific production through SciELO statistics and indicators that allows quantifying the use and impact of EDUMECENTRO from 2012 to the first half of 2016. Methods: A descriptive study with a retrospective approach was carried out on EDUMECENTRO's scientific production, using theoretical methods: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive, and documentary analysis as an empirical method. The results obtained are shown in graphs and contingency tables by absolute numbers and percentage. Results: the statistics of production, visibility, impact and reference were characterized. The year with the greatest number of articles published was 2014, in this predominated the access to references to the published numbers. The impact factors for two and three years decreased, which does not necessarily mean that the impact of the journal is declining, since the behavior of citations is cumulative. The fascicles were shown with more than one hundred accesses by the scientific community. Conclusions: the indicators studied place the magazine in the first places of the region. The published articles are consubstantial with the volumes in the year. Citations received from the publishing house and country of publication are predominant. The impact factor decreased, a fact that was taken in a self-critical way for the perfection of the editorial process, essential in the researching tasks.


Assuntos
Publicações Seriadas , Bibliometria , Indicadores de Produção Científica
7.
Edumecentro ; 9(2)abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-69395

RESUMO

Fundamento: el acceso adecuado y actualizado a la información científico-técnica es esencial para el desarrollo socioeconómico, la toma de decisiones y la práctica profesional. Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica a través de estadísticas e indicadores de SciELO que permiten cuantificar el uso e impacto de EDUMECENTRO entre 2012 y el primer semestre de 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque retrospectivo, sobre la producción científica de EDUMECENTRO, en el que se emplearon métodos teóricos: el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo, y el análisis documental como método empírico. Los resultados obtenidos se muestran en gráficos y tablas de contingencia mediante números absolutos y porcentaje. Resultados: se caracterizaron las estadísticas de producción, visibilidad e impacto y de consulta. El año de mayor cantidad de artículos publicados fue 2014, en este predominó el acceso de consultas a los números publicados. Los factores de impacto para dos y tres años decrecieron lo cual no significa necesariamente que el impacto de la revista esté decayendo, ya que el comportamiento de las citas es acumulativo. Se mostraron los fascículos con más de cien accesos por la comunidad científica. Conclusiones: los indicadores estudiados colocan la revista en los primeros lugares de la región. Los artículos publicados son consustanciales con los volúmenes en el año. Predominaron las citas recibidas de la propia editorial y país de publicación. El factor de impacto decreció, dato que se tomó de forma autocrítica para la perfección del proceso editorial, imprescindible en los quehaceres investigativos(AU)


Assuntos
Bibliometria , Publicações Seriadas , Indicadores de Produção Científica , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 11(2): e0005338, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28222127

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) typically causes explosive epidemics of fever, rash and polyarthralgia after its introduction into naïve populations. Since its introduction in Panama in May of 2014, few autochthonous cases have been reported; most of them were found within limited outbreaks in Panama City in 2014 and Puerto Obaldia town, near the Caribbean border with Colombia in 2015. In order to confirm that Panama had few CHIKV cases compared with neighboring countries, we perform an epidemiological analysis of chikungunya cases reported from May 2014 to July 2015. Moreover, to understand this paucity of confirmed CHIKV cases, a vectorial analysis in the counties where these cases were reported was performed. METHODS: Chikungunya cases were identified at medical centers and notified to health authorities. Sera samples were analyzed at Gorgas Memorial Institute for viral RNA and CHIKV-specific antibody detection. RESULTS: A total of 413 suspected cases of CHIKV infections were reported, with incidence rates of 0.5 and 0.7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 and 2015, respectively. During this period, 38.6% of CHIKV cases were autochthonous with rash and polyarthralgia as predominant symptoms. CHIKV and DENV incidence ratios were 1:306 and 1:34, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of E1/E2 genomic segment indicates that the outbreak strains belong to the Asian genotype and cluster together with CHIKV isolates from other American countries during the same period. Statistical analysis of the National Vector Control program at the district level shows low and medium vector infestation level for most of the counties with CHIKV cases. This index was lower than for neighboring countries. CONCLUSIONS: Previous training of clinical, laboratory and vector workers allowed a good caption and detection of the chikungunya cases and fast intervention. It is possible that low/medium vector infestation level could explain in part the paucity of chikungunya infections in Panama.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Epidemias , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya/patologia , Vírus Chikungunya/classificação , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , Genótipo , Incidência , Panamá/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética
9.
Medwave ; 16(8): e6538, 2016 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27636986

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of bibliometric indicators for the evaluation of science allows an analysis of scientific production both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the scientific production of Medwave during the period 2010 to 2014 in terms of visibility and productivity. METHODS: A bibliometric study was carried out. Variables analyzed were offered by the “Publish or Perish” program working with the Google Scholar database. The number of articles published were related to the number of authors involved in each research work. The articles cited, number of citations, authors and year were reported. Indicators were obtained by placing in name of the journal and its International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) in the navigation box of Publish or Perish. RESULTS: There were 481 articles published with 220 citations; at a rate of more than 36 citations per year and 20 citations per author and year. An index h = 5 and index g = 6 were achieved. There was an average of two authors per article. Only five articles had more citations than the total they provided. CONCLUSIONS: The scientometric indicators found place the journal in a favorable position relative to other medical journals of the region, in terms of visibility and productivity. There was a low rate of cooperation since articles with individual authors prevailed. A low number of articles contributed to the productivity of the journal despite having significant number of citations.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La utilización de indicadores bibliométricos para la evaluación de la ciencia, permite realizar un análisis desde el punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo de la producción científica. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la producción científica, en cuanto a visibilidad y productividad, de la revista Medwave, indexada en Google Académico, en el periodo 2010-2014. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico. Se utilizaron los indicadores cienciométricos que ofrece el programa Publish or Perish. Se relacionó la cantidad de artículos publicados con el número de autores que participaron en la investigación. Se reportan los artículos citados, la cantidad de citas, los autores y año de publicación. La búsqueda de los indicadores se realizó colocando en la caja de navegación del Publish or Perish el nombre de la revista médica y su International Standard Serial Number, ISSN. RESULTADOS: Existieron 481 artículos publicados para una cantidad de 220 citas; a un ritmo de más de 36 citas por año y 20 citas por autor y año. Se alcanzó un índice h=5 e índice g=6. Existió como promedio dos autores por artículo. Sólo cinco artículos registraron mayor cantidad de citas, del total que aportaron. CONCLUSIONES: La revista mostró indicadores cienciométricos que la colocaron en posición favorable con respecto a otras revistas de la región, en cuanto a visibilidad y productividad. Existió un bajo índice de colaboración al predominar artículos con autores individuales. Un bajo número de artículos aportaron a la productividad de la revista, a pesar de tener significativa cantidad de citas.


Assuntos
Bibliometria , Eficiência Organizacional , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Editoração/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Kasmera ; 44(1): 7-17, jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841415

RESUMO

Rotavirus es un agente viral asociado a la gastroenteritis infantil, siendo junto con los parásitos intestinales, los principales causantes de estos cuadros diarreicos. Con el objetivo de detectar rotavirus y parásitos intestinales en infantes de 0 a 5 años de seis comunidades indígenas del estado Zulia, se tomaron 173 muestras de heces en las que se determinó la presencia de rotavirus empleando la técnica de aglutinación en látex. Las muestras fueron caracterizadas macro y microscópicamente a través del examen con SSF, lugol y concentrado con formol-éter, para detectar formas evolutivas parasitarias. Se determinó la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales de un 71%, significativamente más elevada que la de Rotavirus con 16,2%. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de rotavirus y la existencia de diarrea (p=0,0001); más no entre presencia de rotavirus y niños vacunados (p=0,904). Predominaron las protozoosis sobre las helmintiasis; así como el poliparasitismo (52%). Los parásitos más prevalentes fueron Ascaris lumbricoides con 32,4% y Blastocystis spp. con 31,2%. Los principales parásitos asociados a rotavirus fueron Blastocystis spp. y Entamoeba coli, aunque sin significancia estadística. Se concluye que la prevalencia de rotavirus detectada se corresponde a la referida en Venezuela para niños menores de 5 años de áreas urbanas.


Rotavirus is a viral agent associated with childhood gastroenteritis, being with intestinal parasites, the principal cause of diarrhea in children. In order to detect rotavirus, and intestinal parasites in children from 0 to 5 years old of six indigenous communities in Zulia state, 173 stool samples was recolected, where the presence of rotavirus was determinate using agglutination test. The samples were characterized macroscopically and microscopically by examining with SSF, lugol and concentrate formalin-ether to detect parasitic evolutionary forms. It was determined that the presence of intestinal parasites was 71%, significantly higher than the 16,2% of rotavirus. The most prevalent parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (32,4%) and Blastocystis spp. (31,2%). Statistically significant relationship between the presence of rotavirus and diarrhea existence (p = 0.0001); more no presence of rotavirus among vaccinated children (p = 0.904 ). About they predominated protozoosis over helminths; as well as polyparasitism (52%). Major parasites associated with rotavirus were Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba coli, although without statistical significance. It is concluded that the prevalence of rotavirus detected corresponds to that reported in Venezuela for children under 5 years of urban areas.

11.
MULTIMED ; 19(2)2015. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-63788

RESUMO

El internado rotatorio forma parte del plan de estudio de la carrera de Medicina, en el cual se han incorporado estrategias con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad del egresado; la implementación de los cursos complementarios es una de ella para satisfacer además los compromisos internacionales. Con el objetivo de describir el impacto de estos últimos en el internado rotatorio de la carrera de medicina en Granma, durante los cursos académicos 2010-2011 y 2011-2012, se realizó la presente comunicación breve; se describieron la totalidad de los estudiantes que examinaron y promovieron al contactarse que las causas que motivaron la no promoción fueron: rotaciones de Ginecobstetricia y Medicina Interna suspensas conjuntamente con las licencias de matrícula por maternidad. Se demostró calidad del egresado de los cursos complementarios comprobándose en los exámenes de recertificación con tribunales cruzados en el territorio, cumpliendo con los objetivos del Ministerio de Salud Pública(AU)


The alternative internship is a part of the medical formation process, which has incorporated strategies with the purpose to improve the quality of the graduates; the implementation of complementary courses is one of them, in order to satisfy the international commitments. With the objective to describe the impact of these commitments in the alternative internship of the medical career in Granma province, during the academic years 2010 2011 and 2011 2012, it was made this Brief Communication Issue, the totality of the students involved was described and they were also examined, realizing that the causes which motivated the non promotion were: the Gynecobstetrics and Internal Medicine rotations suspended with the permissions of maternity registrations. It was demonstrated the quality of the graduates of the complementary courses, checking in the re- certification courses with crossed examining boards in the territory, achieving the guidelines of the Public Health Ministry(EU)


Assuntos
Educação Médica/tendências , Medicina Geral/tendências , Prática Profissional , Competência Profissional
12.
Kasmera ; 41(2): 145-153, dic. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-746295

RESUMO

El Cáncer (Ca) de Cuello Uterino (Cu) persiste como un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Entre los agentes infecciosos más estudiados que se han relacionado con los procesos neoplásicos, están los virus, y entre ellos el herpes y el papiloma. Esta investigación se realizó para determinar el Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) y el Virus Herpes Simple (VHS) y su posible relación con la presencia y tipo de lesiones preinvasivas de Cu. Se seleccionaron 65 muestras de tejido de Cu con lesiones de pacientes de sexo femenino y 10 controles aparentemente sanas, para la detección del VPH y VSH. Se utilizó el método de PCR e Hibridación para la genotipificación del VPH. Se observó un 15,38% de positividad para VPH y un 20% para VSH, un caso de coinfección en una paciente con lesión intraepitelial de alto grado (LIEag), demostrándose una diferencia significativa entre las pacientes VPH positivo con LIEag respecto a aquellas con lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado (LIEbg). La mayoría de los casos positivos para VHS se detectaron en pacientes con LIEbg. Se demostró una correlación significativa entre el tipo de lesión y la presencia de genotipos de alto y bajo riesgo del VPH.


Cervical cancer persists as a public health problem worldwide. Among the most studied infectious agents that have been associated with neoplasic processes are viruses, including herpes and papilloma. This research was carried out in order to determine the possible relation between infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) and the presence and type of pre-invasive cervical lesions. Sixty-five samples of cervical tissue with lesions and ten apparently healthy controls were selected from female patients for the detection of HSV and HPV. PCR and hybridization (HC2) methods were implemented for genotyping HPV. For HPV, 15.38% were positive while for HSV, 20.0%. There was one case of co-infection in a patient with a high grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), showing a significant difference between HPV-positive patients with HSIL compared to women with LSIL, low grade intraepithelial lesions. Most of the HSV positive cases were detected in patients with LSIL. A significant correlation was proved between the type of lesion and the presence of high and low risk HPV genotypes.

13.
Multimed ; 17(3)2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-56827

RESUMO

La educación a distancia en la universidad de ciencias médicas de Granma se ha revitalizado y fortalecido, lo que conllevó a realizar esta revisión bibliográfica sobre los valores y principios que hay que tener presente cuando se interactúa con esta modalidad de aprendizaje. Por ello los autores persiguen como objetivo: manifestar a la comunidad científica pedagógica los valores y principios fundamentales en la educación a distancia para consolidar el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Destacar que la libertad, solidaridad y la verdad son los valores, sin olvidar otros, que deben de caracterizar la modalidad virtual como proceso formativo; así como la confianza, dialogicidad, creatividad, apertura, colaboración, diversidad, accesibilidad, alegría, anticipación y la sustentabilidad principios que priman para lograr el éxito en la educación a distancia(AU)


The long - distance education at Celia Sánchez Manduley medical university school has improved and strengthen, which favored the development of this detailed bibliographical revision of the existing literature about the values and principles that must be taken into account in this learning modality. That is why the authors of this article establish as an objective: to provide to the pedagogical and scientific community the fundamental values and principles about the long-distance education, strengthening the teaching learning process. It is necessary to point out that the freedom, the solidarity, and truth are the values that must characterize the virtual modality as a formative process, as well as the confidence, dialog, joy, creativeness, collaboration, diversity, accessibility, anticipation, and sustainability as the main principles to achieve successfulness in the long- distance education(EU)


Assuntos
Educação a Distância , Valores Sociais , Universidades
14.
Acta cient. venez ; 57(3): 93-98, 2006. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-537141

RESUMO

La morfometría de la cubeta de los cuerpos de agua continentales afecta sus características físicas, químicas y biológicas. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la morfometría de una laguna de alta montaña tropical, con el fin de relacionarla con los flujos de entrada y salida de agua de la laguna, así como con los tiempos de retención de agua y su estado trófico. El contorno de las isobatas describe una topografía simple. La profundidad relativa de 2,77 por ciento sugiere una tendencia a la estabilidad de la columna de agua. La relación profundidad media: profundidad máxima, refleja que la forma de la cubeta se aproxima a una parábola elíptica. La tasa media de renovación del agua en época de sequía fue de 9,3 horas, mientras que en periodo de lluvias fue de 3,9 horas. El índice S/AV revela que los aportes de fósforo por escorrentía hacia la laguna son importantes. Las curvas hipsográficas área-profundidad de la laguna Victoria sugieren una tendencia a la eutrofía, lo cual es corroborado por las concentraciones de nitrógeno, fósforo y clorofila obtenidos.


The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of lakes and ponds are influence by its morphometry. The objective of the present work was to determine the morphometric parameters of a tropical high mountain lake in order to relate them with the input and the output of water from the lake, the water time retention and the lake trophic state. The depth contours indicates a simple topography. The relative depth 2,77 percent suggests a trend to stability of the water column. The ratio mean depth to maximum depth shows that the basin form is like an elliptic sinusoid. The water mean rate of turnover in the dry season was 9,3 hours, while in the rainy season was 3,9 hours. S/AV index suggests a higher relative importance of runoff inputs of soluble phosphorous. The hypsographic curves of the Victoria Lake suggest a trend to eutrophy which is supported by obtained values of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll.


Assuntos
Clorofila/análise , Fósforo/análise , Laguna Costeira/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Níveis Tróficos/análise , Geologia
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