RESUMO
Background: The majority of malaria cases diagnosed in Europe in the last few years have occurred in people living in non-endemic areas travelling back to their home country to visit friends and relatives (VFRs). Children account for 15-20% of imported malaria, with known higher risk of severe disease. Material and methods: A retrospective multicentre study was conducted in 24 hospitals in Madrid (Spain) including patients under 16 years diagnosed with malaria (2007-2013). Results: A total of 149 episodes in 147 children were reported. Plasmodium falciparum was the species most commonly isolated. Twenty-five patients developed severe malaria and there was one death related to malaria. VFR accounted for 45.8% of our children. Only 17 VFRs had received prophylaxis, and 4 of them taken appropriately. They presented more frequently with fever (98% vs. 69%), a longer time with fever (55 vs. 26%), delay in diagnosis of more than three days (62 vs. 37%), and more thrombocytopenia (65 vs. 33%) than non-VFRs, and with significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: VFRs represent a large proportion of imported malaria cases in our study. They seldom took adequate prophylaxis, and delayed the visit to the physician, increasing the length of fever and subsequent delaying in diagnosis. Appropriate preventive measures, such as education and pre-travel advices should be taken in this population (AU)
Antecedentes: En los últimos años la mayoría de los casos de malaria en Europa se han producido en personas asentadas en zonas no endémicas que viajan a su país de origen para visitar a amigos y familiares (VFR). Los niños representan el 15-20% de la malaria importada, con el conocido alto riesgo de enfermedad grave. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo en 24 hospitales en Madrid, que incluyó pacientes menores de 16 años con diagnóstico de malaria (2007-2013). Resultados: Se registraron 149 episodios en 147 niños. Plasmodium falciparum fue la especie más frecuentemente aislada. Veinticinco niños padecieron paludismo grave y hubo una muerte relacionada con la malaria. Los pacientes VFR representaron el 45,8% de nuestros niños estudiados. Solo 17 de los VFR habían recibido profilaxis y en solo 4 casos la tomaron apropiadamente. Estos pacientes presentaron con más frecuencia fiebre (98% vs 69%), retraso en el diagnóstico más de 3 días (62 vs 37%) y trombocitopenia (65 vs 33%). Conclusiones: Los niños VFR representaron una gran proporción de casos de paludismo importado en nuestro estudio. Rara vez tomaron la profilaxis de forma adecuada. Además estos niños presentaron un mayor retraso en la consulta al médico tras la aparición de síntomas, con el subsiguiente retraso en el diagnóstico. Es necesario tomar las medidas preventivas adecuadas, como la educación o el consejo pre-viaje, en esta población (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Malária/epidemiologia , Plasmodium falciparum/patogenicidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Migração Humana/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle Sanitário de Viajantes , Profilaxia Pré-ExposiçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The majority of malaria cases diagnosed in Europe in the last few years have occurred in people living in non-endemic areas travelling back to their home country to visit friends and relatives (VFRs). Children account for 15-20% of imported malaria, with known higher risk of severe disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective multicentre study was conducted in 24 hospitals in Madrid (Spain) including patients under 16 years diagnosed with malaria (2007-2013). RESULTS: A total of 149 episodes in 147 children were reported. Plasmodium falciparum was the species most commonly isolated. Twenty-five patients developed severe malaria and there was one death related to malaria. VFR accounted for 45.8% of our children. Only 17 VFRs had received prophylaxis, and 4 of them taken appropriately. They presented more frequently with fever (98% vs. 69%), a longer time with fever (55 vs. 26%), delay in diagnosis of more than three days (62 vs. 37%), and more thrombocytopenia (65 vs. 33%) than non-VFRs, and with significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: VFRs represent a large proportion of imported malaria cases in our study. They seldom took adequate prophylaxis, and delayed the visit to the physician, increasing the length of fever and subsequent delaying in diagnosis. Appropriate preventive measures, such as education and pre-travel advices should be taken in this population.
