Reactivación silenciosa del virus de la hepatitis B en paciente que reinicia diálisis tras trasplante renal. ¿Cómo podemos prevenirlo o anticiparlo en el diagnóstico? / Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in patient that rests dialysis after renal transplantation. How can we prevent it or anticipate it in diagnosis?

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Sexual behaviour and poor hygiene are related to recent hepatitis a virus community outbreaks

OBJECTIVES: there has been a global increase in the incidence of hepatitis A infection. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the increase in our region and the degree of adherence to the recommended hygienic measures after discharge from hospital. METHODS: demographic, clinical and biochemical variables were collected from patients with acute hepatitis A in our health area. The patients were grouped as follows: January 2010 to December 2016 (historical cohort) and January 2017 to October 2017 (recent cohort). A phylogenetic analysis was also performed in the recent cohort. One month after discharge, bacterial growth was evaluated by a culture of the dominant hand imprint and were compared with a control group. RESULTS: a total of 110 cases were registered with a median age of 36.3 years (range 3-89) and 77.3 % were male. The incidence was 0.82/100,000 inhabitants/year and 22.75/100,000 inhabitants/year in the historical and recent cohorts, respectively. Patients in the recent cohort were more frequently male (52.6 % vs. 82.4 %, p = 0.008) and younger (51.7 [3-89] vs. 33.4 [4-74] years, p < 0.001). In addition, 63.8 % of the recent cohort were men who had sex with other men and had unsafe sexual practices (37.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed a predominance of genotype A and a high frequency of the VRD 521-2016 sequence. A higher growth of enterobacteria was observed in patients with hepatitis A compared to the control group (7.3 % vs. 1.2 %, p = 0.005), despite specific hygienic measures given at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: a recent outbreak of hepatitis A in our area was related with gender, younger age and sexual practices. Hepatitis A infected subjects showed a poor adherence to hygienic measures. Our data suggests the need for policies that encourage preventive actions, particularly vaccination in this high-risk group

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Sexual behaviour and poor hygiene are related to recent hepatitis a virus community outbreaks.

OBJECTIVES: there has been a global increase in the incidence of hepatitis A infection. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the increase in our region and the degree of adherence to the recommended hygienic measures after discharge from hospital. METHODS: demographic, clinical and biochemical variables were collected from patients with acute hepatitis A in our health area. The patients were grouped as follows: January 2010 to December 2016 (historical cohort) and January 2017 to October 2017 (recent cohort). A phylogenetic analysis was also performed in the recent cohort. One month after discharge, bacterial growth was evaluated by a culture of the dominant hand imprint and were compared with a control group. RESULTS: a total of 110 cases were registered with a median age of 36.3 years (range 3-89) and 77.3 % were male. The incidence was 0.82/100,000 inhabitants/year and 22.75/100,000 inhabitants/year in the historical and recent cohorts, respectively. Patients in the recent cohort were more frequently male (52.6 % vs. 82.4 %, p = 0.008) and younger (51.7 [3-89] vs. 33.4 [4-74] years, p < 0.001). In addition, 63.8 % of the recent cohort were men who had sex with other men and had unsafe sexual practices (37.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed a predominance of genotype A and a high frequency of the VRD 521-2016 sequence. A higher growth of enterobacteria was observed in patients with hepatitis A compared to the control group (7.3 % vs. 1.2 %, p = 0.005), despite specific hygienic measures given at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: a recent outbreak of hepatitis A in our area was related with gender, younger age and sexual practices. Hepatitis A infected subjects showed a poor adherence to hygienic measures. Our data suggests the need for policies that encourage preventive actions, particularly vaccination in this high-risk group.

Confirmation of antibodies against hepatitis C virus by recombinant immunoblot: Is it really an improvement to abandon it? / Confirmación de anticuerpos frente al virus de la hepatitis C mediante inmunoblot recombinante: ¿es realmente una mejora abandonarlo?

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Tuberculosis, HIV, and viral hepatitis diagnostics in eastern Europe and central Asia: high time for integrated and people-centred services.

Globally, high rates (and in the WHO European region an increasing prevalence) of co-infection with tuberculosis and HIV and HIV and hepatitis C virus exist. In eastern European and central Asian countries, the tuberculosis, HIV, and viral hepatitis programmes, including diagnostic services, are separate vertical structures. In this Personal View, we consider underlying reasons for the poor integration for these diseases, particularly in the WHO European region, and how to address this with an initial focus on diagnostic services. In part, this low integration has reflected different diagnostic development histories, global funding sources, and sample types used for diagnosis (eg, typically sputum for tuberculosis and blood for HIV and hepatitis C). Cooperation between services improved as patients with tuberculosis needed routine testing for HIV and vice versa, but financial, infection control, and logistical barriers remain. Multidisease diagnostic platforms exist, but to be used optimally, appropriate staff training and sensible understanding of different laboratory and infection control risks needs rapid implementation. Technically these ideas are all feasible. Poor coordination between these vertical systems remains unhelpful. There is a need to increase political and operational integration of diagnostic and treatment services and bring them closer to patients.

Brotes epidémicos y situaciones de alerta sanitaria de probable etiología vírica estudiados en el Centro Nacional de Microbiología durante el período 2012-2013 / No disponible

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