Assessment of Various Post Systems' Fracture Resistance after Endodontic Treatment.

Objectives: The study's objective is to evaluate the fracture resistance of a tooth that has had endodontic treatment and has been rebuilt using various post and core systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted premolar teeth of similar sizes were picked, and at random, they were separated into three groups: group A received stainless-steel posts, group B received zirconia fiber posts, and group C received glass fiber posts. Dual-cured resin cement was used to cement each post. The acrylic resin blocks have samples imbedded in them. Additionally, fracture loads were measured while a compressive force was given to the tooth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The one-way analysis of variance F-test and post hoc Tukey's test were then used to analyze the results. Results: When the mean values and standard deviation were compared, it was found that glass fiber posts had the highest fracture resistance, followed by posts made of zirconia fiber, while stainless-steel posts had the lowest fracture resistance. Conclusion: When compared to zirconia posts and stainless-steel posts, glass fiber posts had the highest level of fracture resistance.

Intrabony defect management with a bone graft (hydroxyapatite and ß-tricalcium phosphate) alone and in combination with a diode laser: A randomized control trial.

Objectives: The current research was conducted to evaluate the use of a diode laser and a bone graft (hydroxyapatite [HA] + ß-tricalcium phosphate [ß-TCP]) in healing of intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: In this split-mouth evaluation, 40 patients with bilateral intrabony defects were treated with, Group I (control) - bone graft alone (HA + ß-TCP) and Group II, (test) - bone graft with a diode laser. The clinical and radiologic parameters of all patients, such as plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), gingival recession (GR), and relative clinical attachment level (RCAL) were recorded at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months. Results: Reductions in PI, PD, GI, GR, and RCAL were found after 6 months. Furthermore, significant differences were displayed in the intra-group comparison while those of the inter-group evaluation (P > 0.05) were insignificant. Conclusion: In both groups, considerable decrease in intrabony pockets was discovered; however, the inter-group comparison was insignificant in relation to GR and RCAL.

Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implant Failure Rates in Patients with Compromised Health.

Objectives: The goal of the current research was to compare the failure rate of dental implants in medically compromised patients to healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: In this seven years retrospective study, 50 patients from Group A who were medically compromised had 63 implants, while 50 patients from Group B who were healthy had 67 implants. Over 1 mm of bone loss around the implant in the first year and over 0.2 mm of bone loss per year after that were considered failure rates. Result: Two (2.9%) of the dental implants in Group B and 18 (28.6%) in Group A, both failed. The average bone loss around the implant in Group A during the first year was 1.21 mm, compared to 0.3 mm in Group B. Conclusion: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus group had greater implant failure.

A Finite Element Analysis of Stress Allocation around Three Types of Abutment-Implant Interfaces.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of stress distribution at three abutment-implant interfaces on various implant systems. Materials and Methods: Group I: tri-channel internal connection (Nobel Biocare), Group II: 1.5-mm deep internal hex (BioHorizons Co. Birmingham, USA), and Group III: ADIN Touareg, to create computerized models of implants and mandibular modeling software, close fit WP, ANSYS Version 14.0 for finite element analysis (FEA), Hypermesh 12 for meshing and CATIA were used. A top-notch scanner was used to scan the implant. CATIA software created computerized models using all the aforementioned data. By applying bonded state on the abutment-implant borders and four various load conditions within the implant system, finite element method modeling was carried out. The computerized model was imported into the ANSYS program. To compare the groups, a statistical analysis was conducted. Result: Through the use of three-dimensional FEA, the samples were assessed. Stress was found to be utmost in Group I, followed by Group III and Group II, at 80 N, 80 N with a 15° tilt, 250 N, and 250 N with a 15° tilt, and the divergence was statistically inconsequential. Conclusion: The tri-channel internal connection displayed the highest stresses compared to the internal hex within the constraints of the current study.

Assessment of Static and Dynamic Load Tolerance of the Implant Mounts on its Particular Implant.

Objectives: We compared the loads at which the implant holders from Astra Tech (AST) (AstraOsseoSpeed) and Osseotite Certain failed under static compression after experiencing fatigue, as well as the gap that resulted from dynamic loading between the implant-holder complexes. Materials and Method: The ISO 14801 recommendation served as the foundation for the test protocol. Each brand's five implant-implant holder assemblies underwent dynamic loading. A load of 200 N was applied at a stress frequency of 12 Hz and a cycle rate of 5105. (Eden Prairie, MN, USA). Using scanning electron microscopy (S3700N, HITACHI, Japan), the gap (m) at the interface was measured post-fatigue. Static loading was then used to determine the highest load (N) after the point of failure. Controls included definitive abutment-implant complexes. Statistics were used to analyze the data. Result: The Osseotite Certain group showed a slight trend toward greater resistance, but there was no diversity among the two implant holder groups (P 0.05). AST (AstraOsseoSpeed) implants had a larger interface gap, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: With respect to greatest compression load or the interface gap following dynamic loading, there were no discernible differences between the two experimental groups.

Comparative Evaluation of Two Implant Designs Based on Bone Loss and Stability with Early Loading Method.

The study evaluated the implant bone loss and stability of implant changes with diverse designs with early placement at eight weeks and eight months' time. The subjects for the current study had partial tooth loss in the posterior mandibular arch. A total of 30 samples were split into two groups of 15, one with a flared crest module and a buttress thread design, the other with a parallel crest module and a V-shaped thread design. Ostell assessed each subject's implant stability four times, at baseline, eight weeks, four months, and eight months. At intervals of eight weeks, four months, and eight months, intraoral periapical radiographs were examined using ImageJ software to measure crestal bone loss. When Group I and Group II's implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at baseline, eight weeks, four months, and eight months were compared; Group I's ISQ values at each of the four measured time periods were statistically significant. At eight weeks in Group I, the ISQ value was very considerable. At eight weeks, four months, and eight months, there was a statistically significant bone loss in Group II in comparison to Group I. At eight months, Group II's bone loss value was very considerable. In contrast to Group II implant designs, it was found that Group I implants demonstrated enhanced implant-less bone loss and stability.

Evaluation of visual pedagogy teaching method for improving oral hygiene practice in children with Autism: An interventional study.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of visual pedagogy teaching method for improving oral hygiene practice in children with Autism: An interventional study: Visual pedagogy is a relatively newer approach to improve dental care in autistic children. The present study aimed to evaluate visual pedagogy in the practice of oral hygiene in autistic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This interventional and prospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry. Required approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical Board. Written informed consent was obtained from parents/caregivers. The age range was 5-12 years which included 100 participants (40 males and 60 females). Improvement of oral hygiene was evaluated by recording the tooth brushing technique and ability to follow instructions as presented in the educational video shown on smartphones with Wi-Fi/mobile data. Inclusion criteria: (1) Accessibility and (2) Age range between 5 to 12 years. Exclusion criteria: (1) Non-cooperative children, (2) Children receiving medicines that influence oral health, and (3) Inability to follow-ups. Fones technique was used for brushing teeth in video recording demonstrating it in simple structured steps. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Independent t tests. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was observed in oral hygiene (plaque index) after training patients with visual pedagogy. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the use of visual pedagogy showed improvement in the oral hygiene scores of autistic children.

A cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of bone density for insertion of pterygoid implants in dentulous and edentulous patients.

OBJECTIVES: The bone quantity and quality determine the prosthetic success outcome. This research was performed to evaluate the bone density for insertion of pterygoid implants in edentulous and dentulous participants with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBCT evaluation was done for 66 dentate and edentulous patients for pterygoid implants at the pterygomaxillary region. The calculation of joint width, height, and volume of bone was done. Density of the bone was evaluated at the superior and inferior aspects of the pterygomaxillary column. RESULTS: It was observed that average pterygomaxillary joint height for dentulous (dentate) was -12.7 ± 7.2 mm, edentulous -12.4 ± 7.1 mm, the average pterygomaxillary joint width for dentulous was 8.15 ± 7.3 mm, and 8.13 ± 6.2 mm for edentulous. The average pterygomaxillary joint volume in dentulous participants was 279.4 ± 189.2 mm3 and for edentulous was 254.5 ± 176.4 mm3. There was expressively greater density of the bone in dentulous participants over edentulous participants (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was better bone density found in dentate participants in comparison to edentulous participants. CBCT is a recent investigative device which measures pterygoid area efficiently. Pterygoid implants may be deliberated as an alternative method for resorbed (atrophic) maxilla.

Influence of Inter-Radicular Septal Bone Quantity in Primary Stability of Immediate Molar Implants with Different Length and Diameter Placed in Mandibular Region. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Simulated Implant Study.

AIM: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of length and width of implant on primary stability in immediate implants in mandibular first molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 40 cone-beam computed tomography scans selected with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the diameter and length of implants, they were divided into nine groups (G1 to G9). The virtual implants of different diameters and length were placed in mandibular first molar and measurements were done for peri-implant horizontal and vertical gap defect, peri-implant interradicular bone support and apical bone support for all the groups. RESULTS: The study groups Diameter, (D-7 mm) showed least horizontal gap defect (Buccal-1.30 ± 0.56 mm, lingual-1.30 ± 0.56 mm, mesial-1.20 ± 0.51 mm, and distal-1.05 ± 0.59 mm) as compared to regular implant diameter (D-4.7) groups (Buccal-2.35 ± 0.483 mm, lingual-2.10 mm ± 0.44 mm, mesial-2.30 ± 0.64 mm, and distal-2.25 ± 0.43 mm). The unsupported Vertical implant gap defect at the coronal part of the socket was 2.80 mm ± 0.83 mm for all groups in both horizontal and vertical direction. The vertical peri-implant interradicular bone support showed increased bone support with increase in implant length (L). The buccal and lingual inter-radicular bone-support was least for Length (L-8.5 mm), moderate for L-11.5 mm, and highest for L-13.5 mm groups, respectively. The mesial inter-radicular bone support was least for G4G7, moderate for G1G2G5G8, and maximum for G3G6G9 groups. Similarly, the distal inter-radicular bone support was least for G4G7, moderate for G1G5G8, and maximum for G2G3G6G9 groups, respectively. There was no apical bone support in L-8.5 mm group as the tip of implant was 3.5-4 mm within the socket tip. Whereas, L-11.5 mm had decent (0.9-1 mm) and L-13.5 mm had Good (1.35-1.95 mm) apical bone support as the implant tip was beyond the socket tip. CONCLUSION: All the groups showed good interradicular bone support on buccal and lingual surfaces. Regular width implants with longer length showed satisfactory interradicular bone support on mesial and distal surfaces. Longer implants showed good apical bone support in all the four surfaces and hence good apical primary stability expected.

Marginal bone loss around axial and straight implants supported with prefabricated SFI-Bar with mandibular overdentures.

To assess the role of prefabricated SFI-Bar in peri-implant bone loss around immediately axially loaded and straight implants. This study comprised of 40 complete denture wearer patients who received two axially parallel implants connected by SFI-Bars in group I and two 15° mesially tilted implants connected by SFI-Bars in group II. Peri- implant bone loss (PiBL) was measured at 1 year, 2 years and 3 years. The mean PiBL at 1 year in group I was 0.21 mm and I group II was 0.22, at 2 years in group I was 0.26 mm and in group II was 0.23 mm and at 3 years, in group I was 0.29 mm and in group II was 0.34 mm. The difference was significant at 3 years (P< 0.05). The mean mesial PIBL at 1 year in group I was 0.18 mm, in group II was 0.20 mm, at 2 years in group I was 0.19 mm and in group II was 0.07 mm and at 3 years, in group I was 0.25 mm and in group II was 0.29 mm. The difference found to be significant in each time duration in both groups (P< 0.05).The mean distal PIBL at 1 year in group I was 0.23 mm, in group II was 0.22 mm, at 2 years in group I was 0.33 mm and in group II was 0.39 mm and at 3 years, in group I was 0.34 mm and in group II was 0.39 mm. The difference found to be significant at 2 and 3 years in both groups (P< 0.05). Authors found that mandibular overdentures retained with Prefabricated SFI-Bar with axial and straight inserted implants may be useful in patients with reduced bone height.

Evaluating the efficacy of denture cleansing materials in removal of tea and turmeric stains: An in vitro study.

CONTEXT: Extrinsic staining of acrylic resin dentures could be a major esthetic problem for denture wearers. Tea, coffee, cola, turmeric, and tobacco often cause extrinsic staining of dentures. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of various denture cleansing materials in the removal of tea and turmeric stains and to compare the efficacy of those denture cleansers with each other in the removal of tea and turmeric stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heat-cured acrylic resin specimens were stained using tea and turmeric solutions. The spectrophotometer was used to determine the reflectance values of the samples and to evaluate the efficacy of various denture cleansing materials in removal of tea and turmeric stains. Three denture cleansers, namely, sodium hypochlorite, Safe plus, and Clinsodent were used in the study. Water was used as a control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test were used to determine the statistical difference between the groups. RESULT: A statistically significant difference was found (p ≤ 0.05) between the different denture cleansing materials used. Products containing sodium perborate along with trisodium phosphate had the highest stain removing capability. CONCLUSION: It was found that all the denture cleansing materials used in the study were effective in removing tea and turmeric stains. Products containing sodium perborate along with trisodium phosphate had a comparatively greater stain removal capability than products containing sodium perborate along with sodium bicarbonate followed by products containing sodium hypochlorite followed by water (control).

Effects of Surface Abrasion on the Flexural Strength of Glazed and Re-glazed Metal Ceramics: An In Vitro Study.

The functional surfaces of the porcelain fused to metal fixed partial dentures are often abraded to adjust occlusion, such restorations are often found to fail in service. This study was therefore conducted to study the effect of surface abrasion on flexural strength of glazed porcelain fused to metal samples. It was also the aim of this study to find the effect of re-glazing on flexural strength of abraded samples. A total of ninety glazed porcelain fused to metal bar samples of the dimension 15 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm were fabricated. These samples were then divided into three groups (30 samples each) according to the surface treatments: group A-glazed (control); group B-abraded and group C-abraded and then re-glazed (self-glazed). Flexural strength was measured by using three point bend test on universal testing machine (texture analyser) with a cross-head speed of 0.6 mm/min. Peak force at the time of failure for all the samples was recorded. Statistical analysis found that mean flexural strength was highest for group A-80.65 ± 12.81 MPa; as compared to group B-74.18 ± 10.74 MPa and group C-77.85 ± 9.39 MPa. Student's t test indicated that the difference in the flexural strength between groups A and B was significant while it was non-significant between groups B and C and also between groups A and C. The 'f' test indicated that the difference between the groups was non-significant. This study therefore showed that there is a marked decrease in the flexural strength of the porcelain fused to metal restorations after occlusal abrasion. The study also found that reglazing of these restorations may not restore their flexural strength significantly.

Patient-dentist communication: an adjunct to successful complete denture treatment.

Dentists are considered masters in technical skills and should be able to provide quick solutions to problems that can best be solved through communicating patiently with patients. Effective communication coupled with good clinical skills can lead to apt treatment and satisfaction for both the patient and the dentist. This article intends to highlight the communication skills that can improve the prognosis of complete denture treatment.

A comparative Study of the Masticatory Efficiency in Complete Dentures Using Acrylic and Metal Occlusal Posterior Teeth-Photocolorimetric Analysis.

Masticatory efficiency is always compromised in complete denture patients. The denture teeth with compromised occlusal anatomy and material further compound the inherent limitations of complete dentures. To compare the masticatory efficiency of patients with complete denture using acrylic and metal occlusal posterior teeth. Ten edentulous patients with well-formed ridges were selected. Complete dentures using acrylic and metal occlusal posterior teeth were fabricated. The masticatory efficiency was calculated using photo colorimeter. Complete dentures with 20° acrylic resin posterior teeth were fabricated for ten edentulous patients and masticatory efficiency was measured using raw beetroot as test food on a photocolorimeter after 10, 15, 20 strokes. The acrylic resin posterior teeth were replaced with metal occlusal posterior teeth on the same denture base. The masticatory efficiency was measured by the same method. The mean average percentage of masticatory efficiency with acrylic resin teeth and metal occlusal teeth were first calculated and statistical analysis was done using students unpaired t test. The average masticatory efficiency with acrylic teeth was 46.46% and metal occlusal teeth was 65.62, 't' = 5.38. The difference between the mean average masticatory performance percentage with acrylic teeth and metal occlusal teeth was significant at 1% i.e. P < 0.01. Within the limitation of this study the average percentage value of masticatory efficiency improves considerably when metal occlusal teeth replace normal acrylic teeth without any alteration in position or relation.