Determinants of early discontinuation of long-acting and reversible contraceptive methods among women within childbearing age attending health facilities in Ethiopia, 2019.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the determinants of early discontinuation of long-acting and reversible contraceptive methods among women within childbearing age in Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: The institutional-based case-control study design was implemented from June to August 2019. Eligible study participants were sampled using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaire and entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. All variables with a p value of <0.05 at odds ratio of 95% confidence interval in multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered as determinants of early discontinuation of long-acting and reversible contraceptive methods. Results: A total of 825 study participants (206 cases and 619 controls) were included in the study. Decision-making on the use of contraception (adjusted odds ratio: 4.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-16.8 and adjusted odds ratio: 5.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-18.8), the women who got counseled about side effects of contraceptive methods being 84% less likely to discontinue long-acting and reversible contraceptive methods compared to the women of their counterpart (adjusted odds ratio: 0.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.15-0.4), having two or more children (adjusted odds ratio: 10, 95% confidence interval: 3.7-28), and desire to be pregnant (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15 95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.4) were determinants of early discontinuation of long-acting and reversible contraceptive methods. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, decision-maker on utilization of contraceptive methods, being counseled on side effects of contraception, number of children, and desire of woman to be pregnant were found to be determinants of discontinuation of long-acting and reversible contraceptive methods. Health care providers should strengthen providing pre-insertion counseling in accordance with the national guideline for family planning services, with an emphasis on potential contraceptive side effects and consideration of counseling on decision-making.

Utilization of cervical cancer screening service and associated factors among women of reproductive age group in Ilu Abba Bor zone, southwestern Ethiopia, 2019: Cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the severest risks to women's life. It is the main reason for more than half million of morbidity and 266,000 deaths worldwide annually. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among women of the reproductive age group coming for health care service to public health facilities of Ilu Abba Bor zone, southwestern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 May to 30 May 2019. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire and entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to observe the factors associated with cervical cancer screening utilization service. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: From a total of 259 women involved in the study, about 19 (7.3%) of the study participants had been screened for cervical cancer at least once in the past 3 years during the study period. Educational status: primary (grade 1-8) (adjusted odds ratio = 3; 95% confidence interval = (1.15-7.91)), secondary (grade 9-12) (adjusted odds ratio = 4.21; 95% confidence interval = (1.04-7.46)), and tertiary (grade 12+) (adjusted odds ratio = 6.01; 95% confidence interval = (3.01-11.35)), nulliparous (adjusted odds ratio = 0.256; 95% confidence interval = (0.105-0.642)), and looking for information about cervical cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = (1.8-6.2)) were significant factors associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening service. Conclusion: The study revealed that there was low cervical cancer screening service utilization in the study area. Educational status, parity, and looking for cervical cancer information were independently associated with cervical cancer screening utilization service. There is need to improve women's education, dissemination of information about importance of cervical cancer screening, and focus on nulliparous women to have good practice of cervical cancer screening.

Return of Sexual Activity Within Six Weeks of Childbirth Among Married Women Attending Postpartum Clinic of a Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Postpartum sexual health gets very little attention compared to pregnancy and childbirth, even though most maternal deaths and disabilities occur during this time. Therefore, the study aimed to assess return of sexual activity within 6 weeks of childbirth among married women attending postpartum clinic of a teaching hospital in Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was implemented from September to October 2021. Eligible postpartum women were sampled by systematic random sampling technique. The data was entered into EPI-info and exported to SPSS version 24 for further analysis. All variables with a p-value < 0.05 in multivariable analyses were taken as associated factors with the return to sexual activity before 6 weeks of childbirth. Results: A total of 421 postpartum women participated in the study. The prevalence of women who return to sexual activity 6 weeks after childbirth was 31.6%. The study revealed that monogamy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (2.1, 9.4)), parity (AOR= 0.11, 95% CI (0.02-0.81)) and (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI (0.015-0.72)), postnatal care (AOR= 1.8, 95% CI (1.01-3)) and infants feeding status (AOR=2.3, 95% CI (1.3-4)) were significantly associated with return of sexual activity before 6 weeks of childbirth. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that, nearly one-third of postpartum women engaged to sexual activity within 6 weeks of childbirth. Return of sexual activity within 6 weeks of childbirth associated with monogamy type of marriage, parity, postnatal care, and child feeding status. Strengthening postpartum counseling regarding the appropriate time to resume sexual activity is crucial. Regular postpartum visits following deliveries should also be encouraged by health care providers.