Seasonal variations of physiological responses, milk production, and fatty acid profile of local crossbred cows in Tunisia.

The study investigates the seasonal variations of physiological responses, milk yield, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of local crossbred cows (Friesian × Brown Atlas) in northwestern Tunisia. A total of 80 multiparous cows from smallholder farmers were sampled between 2018 and 2019. The cows were feed the same diet ad libitum and exposed to the same Mediterranean climatic conditions. Weekly rectal temperature (RT; °C), respiratory rate (RR; rpm), and heart rate (HR; bpm) were measured per cow in each season. Individual milk yield and samples were recorded bi-weekly and collected in duplicate for chemical analyses. Milk fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed an increase (P < 0.05) in RT (+ 1.3%), RR (+ 12.1%), and HR (+ 9.9%) when the temperature-humidity index (THI) increased from winter (53.6) to summer (74.4) in response to heat stress. Milk yield did not vary significantly between seasons (8.3 L/day on average). Summer milk contained more fat (+ 7.8%) and log SCC (+ 13.7%). The proportion of the monounsaturated (31.2 vs. 27.2%) and polyunsaturated (4.29 vs. 3.86%) FAs decreased (P < 0.05) between winter and summer. Saturated FAs (64.5 vs. 67.7%) were higher (P < 0.05) in summer than in winter. Winter milk fat contained higher levels of C18:2cis-9 trans-11 (CLA) (0.73 vs. 0.56%) and ω-3 FA (0.83 vs. 0.63%), but a lower ω-6/ω-3 ratio (4.07 vs. 6.17%) compared to summer. As the cows were fed the same diet throughout the two seasons, the performances obtained were mainly due to the resistance of the local crossbred cow to the hot conditions. It is concluded that the local crossbred cow maintains its productivity and tolerate the hot Mediterranean climate.

Prediction of response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability.

BACKGROUND: Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors displaying microsatellite instability (MSI) represent a paradigm for the success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy, particularly in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, a proportion of patients with dMMR/MSI mCRC exhibit resistance to ICI. Identification of tools predicting MSI mCRC patient response to ICI is required for the design of future strategies further improving this therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We combined high-throughput DNA and RNA sequencing of tumors from 116 patients with MSI mCRC treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 ± anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 of the NIPICOL phase II trial (C1, NCT03350126, discovery set) and the ImmunoMSI prospective cohort (C2, validation set). The DNA/RNA predictors whose status was significantly associated with ICI status of response in C1 were subsequently validated in C2. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival by immune RECIST (iRECIST) (iPFS). RESULTS: Analyses showed no impact of previously suggested DNA/RNA indicators of resistance to ICI, e.g. MSIsensor score, tumor mutational burden, or specific cellular and molecular tumoral contingents. By contrast, iPFS under ICI was shown in C1 and C2 to depend both on a multiplex MSI signature involving the mutations of 19 microsatellites hazard ratio cohort C2 (HRC2) = 3.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-7.99; P = 1.4 × 10-3] and the expression of a set of 182 RNA markers with a non-epithelial transforming growth factor beta (TGFB)-related desmoplastic orientation (HRC2 = 1.75; 95% CI 1.03-2.98; P = 0.035). Both DNA and RNA signatures were independently predictive of iPFS. CONCLUSIONS: iPFS in patients with MSI mCRC can be predicted by simply analyzing the mutational status of DNA microsatellite-containing genes in epithelial tumor cells together with non-epithelial TGFB-related desmoplastic RNA markers.

Respiratory motion management for external radiotherapy treatment.

We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on respiratory motion management for external radiotherapy treatment. Since twenty years and the report 62 of ICRU, motion management during the course of radiotherapy treatment has become an increasingly significant concern, particularly with the development of hypofractionated treatments under stereotactic conditions, using reduced safety margins. This article related orders of motion amplitudes for different organs as well as the definition of the margins in radiotherapy. An updated review of the various movement management strategies is presented as well as main technological solutions enabling them to be implemented: when acquiring anatomical data, during planning and when carrying out treatment. Finally, the management of these moving targets, such as it can be carried out in radiotherapy departments, will be detailed for a few concrete examples of localizations (abdominal, thoracic and hepatic).

Ultra-broadband contactless imaging power meter.

Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of heat flux is of great interest for the quantification of heat sources. In this work, we describe the development of a new ultra-broadband contactless imaging power meter based on electromagnetic to infrared technology. This new sensor and the mathematical processing of images enable the reconstruction of both spatial and amplitude distributions through a wide spectral range of sources. The full modeling of the thermoconverter based on 3D formalism of thermal quadrupoles is presented first before deriving a reduced model more suitable for quick and robust inverse processing. The inverse method makes it possible to simultaneously identify the heat losses and the spatial and temporal source distribution for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Finally, measurements of multispectral sources are presented and discussed, with an emphasis on the spatial and temporal resolution, accuracy and capabilities of the power meter.

Early Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Telehealth Patterns in Primary Care, Mental Health, and Specialty Care Facilities in Texas.

OBJECTIVES: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many US clinics have shifted some or all of their practice from in-person to virtual visits. In this study, we assessed the use of telehealth among primary care and specialty clinics, by targeting healthcare administrators via multiple channels. METHODS: Using an online survey, we assessed the use of, barriers to, and reimbursement for telehealth. Respondents included clinic administrators (chief executive officers, vice presidents, directors, and senior-level managers). RESULTS: A total of 85 complete responses were recorded, 79% of which represented solo or group practices and 63% reported a daily patient census >50. The proportion of clinics that delivered ≥50% of their consults using telehealth increased from 16% in March to 42% in April, 35% in May, and 30% in June. Clinics identified problems with telehealth reimbursement; although 63% of clinics reported that ≥75% of their telehealth consults were reimbursed, only 51% indicated that ≥75% of their telehealth visits were reimbursed at par with in-person office visits. Sixty-five percent of clinics reported having basic or foundational telehealth services, whereas only 9% of clinics reported advanced telehealth maturity. Value-based care participating clinics were more likely to report advanced telehealth services (27%), compared with non-value-based care clinics (3%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the adaptability of clinics to quickly transition and adopt telehealth. Uncertainty about reimbursement and policy changes may make the shift temporal, however.

Optimization of gluten-free sponge cake fortified with whey protein concentrate using mixture design methodology.

This study aimed to optimize mixtures of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and two flours of rice and maize flours for the production of gluten-free sponge cakes. This was obtained by using mixture design methodology. WPC incorporation had positive effects on specific volume and baking loss of cakes, whilst, their incorporation increased their hardness. Considering all cakes properties, two formulas F1 (78.5% Maize, 15% Rice and 6.5% WPC) and F2 (82.4% Maize, 12% Rice and 5.6% WPC) were optimized using a mixture design. The microstructure F1 was more organized and very well structured with smaller aggregates. According to the organoleptic evaluation, F1 was also most appreciated by the tasting panel. The findings of the present study indicated that maize and rice flours, and WPC could be used as a substitute for wheat flour in producing sponge cakes of high quality.

A transcriptomic signature to predict adjuvant gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy is the only systemic treatment approved for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with a selection of regimens based on patients' performance status and expected efficacy. The establishment of a potent stratification associated with chemotherapeutic efficacy could potentially improve prognosis by tailoring treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Concomitant chemosensitivity and genome-wide RNA profiles were carried out on preclinical models (primary cell cultures and patient-derived xenografts) derived from patients with PDAC included in the PaCaOmics program (NCT01692873). The RNA-based stratification was tested in a monocentric cohort and validated in a multicentric cohort, both retrospectively collected from resected PDAC samples (67 and 368 patients, respectively). Forty-three (65%) and 203 (55%) patients received adjuvant gemcitabine in the monocentric and the multicentric cohorts, respectively. The relationships between predicted gemcitabine sensitivity and patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were investigated. RESULTS: The GemPred RNA signature was derived from preclinical models, defining gemcitabine sensitive PDAC as GemPred+. Among the patients who received gemcitabine in the test and validation cohorts, the GemPred+ patients had a higher OS than GemPred- (P = 0.046 and P = 0.00216). In both cohorts, the GemPred stratification was not associated with OS among patients who did not receive gemcitabine. Among gemcitabine-treated patients, GemPred+ patients had significantly higher OS than the GemPred-: 91.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 61.2-not reached] versus 33 months (95% CI: 24-35.2); hazard ratio 0.403 (95% CI: 0.221-0.735, P = 0.00216). The interaction test for gemcitabine and GemPred+ stratification was significant (P = 0.0245). Multivariate analysis in the gemcitabine-treated population retained an independent predictive value. CONCLUSION: The RNA-based GemPred stratification predicts the benefit of adjuvant gemcitabine in PDAC patients.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities, interfacial and emulsifying properties of the apo and holo forms of purified camel and bovine α-lactalbumin.

The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of camel and bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) in both calcium-loaded (holo) and calcium-depleted (apo) forms were investigated and compared. Antioxidant assay showed that camel and bovine α-La exhibited significant Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous iron-chelating activity (FCA) and antiradical activities especially in their apo form. Camel apo α-La also exhibited attractive antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and against fungal pathogens species (Penicillium bilaiae, Aspergillus tamari and Aspergillus sclerotiorum). Likewise, emulsifying properties (emulsification ability (EAI) and stability (ESI) indexes) and the surface characteristics (surface hydrophobicity, ζ-potential and interfacial tension) of the α-La were assessed. Maximum EAI were found at pH 7.0, with higher EAI values for the camel apo α-La (EAI ~19.5 m2/g). This behavior was explained by its relative high surface hydrophobicity and its greater efficiency to reduce the surface tension at the oil-water interface. Furthermore, emulsions were found to be more stable at pH 7.0 compared to pH 5.0 (ESI ~50%) due to the higher electrostatic repulsive forces between oil droplets at pH 7.0 in consistence with the ζ-potential results. This study concluded that the camel apo α-La has antibacterial, antioxidant, and emulsifying properties in agricultural and food industries.

Mid-position treatment strategy for locally advanced lung cancer: a dosimetric study.

OBJECTIVE: The internal target volume (ITV) strategy generates larger planning target volumes (PTVs) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) than the Mid-position (Mid-p) strategy. We investigated the benefit of the Mid-p strategy regarding PTV reduction and dose to the organs at risk (OARs). METHODS: 44 patients with LA-NSCLC were included in a randomized clinical study to compare ITV and Mid-p strategies. GTV were delineated by a physician on maximum intensity projection images and on Mid-p images from four-dimensional CTs. CTVs were obtained by adding 6 mm uniform margin for microscopic extension. CTV to PTV margins were calculated using the van Herk's recipe for setup and delineation errors. For the Mid-p strategy, the mean target motion amplitude was added as a random error. For both strategies, three-dimensional conformal plans delivering 60-66 Gy to PTV were performed. PTVs, dose-volume parameters for OARs (lung, esophagus, heart, spinal cord) were reported and compared. RESULTS: With the Mid-p strategy, the median of volume reduction was 23.5 cm3 (p = 0.012) and 8.8 cm3 (p = 0.0083) for PTVT and PTVN respectively; the median mean lung dose reduction was 0.51 Gy (p = 0.0057). For 37.1% of the patients, delineation errors led to smaller PTV with the ITV strategy than with the Mid-p strategy. CONCLUSION: PTV and mean lung dose were significantly reduced using the Mid-p strategy. Delineation uncertainty can unfavorably impact the advantage. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dosimetric comparison study between ITV and Mid-p strategies for LA-NSCLC.

Multiple cutaneous metastasis of synchronous urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the renal pelvis: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous metastatic disease arising from urinary tract carcinoma is rare and associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of metastatic disease occurring in a patient treated for synchronous urothelial tumor of the bladder and left renal pelvis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Caucasian man was treated for a synchronous urothelial tumor of the bladder and left renal pelvis. He had an en bloc radical cystectomy and left ureteronehprectomy associated with a cutaneous transileal urinary diversion and lymph node dissection. He was scheduled for chemotherapy but was lost to follow-up. He consulted 1 year later with growing skin tumors that were confirmed to be metastatic disease, and he was referred to the oncology department for palliative chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous metastatic disease is a rare entity with poor prognosis. The main treatment remains chemotherapy; however, single-site metastasis should be considered for metastasectomy.

Synthesized and characterization of organobentonites for anionic dye removal: application to real textile effluent.

Clays have been considered as potential alternative adsorbents due to their high adsorptive property, abundance and non-toxic compounds. Adsorption of cationic dyes by natural clays has been studied and appreciable results have been reported, but few researchers have been interested in anionic dyes. Anionic dyes are widely used by the textile industries, yet they are toxic, non-biodegradable and hardly adsorbable on natural clay; modified clay (e.g. organoclay) has emerged as an alternative adsorbent. In this study, organobentonites were prepared with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide at three cation exchange capacity levels and used as adsorbents for the removal of, reactive blue II - an anionic dye used in Tunisian textile industry to dye jeans. Obtained organobentonite-labelled Hi-bent (I = 1, 2 and 3) was characterized by several techniques in order to study the effect of a surfactant on texture and structure of the initial clay. H3-bent and purified bentonite (Na-bent) were then tested as adsorbents. The amount of dye removal by H3-bent (98%) was found to be around five times higher than that of Na-bent (19%). Adsorption process was well described by Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevic and Elovich isotherms model. Kinetic data were fitted by both pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order models. The use of Na-bent, as adsorbent, for real textile effluent treatment was tested, and significant results related to two other clay minerals were obtained.

Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of purified proteins from black cumin seeds.

The main purpose of this work was to investigate some physiochemical and antioxidant properties of purified proteins of 18 kDa from black cumin seeds. The structural properties of purified proteins were characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis. The Tunisian purified protein exhibited a α-helix structure and the Turkish purified protein adopted a ß-sheet conformation. The thermal properties were also evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Tunisian purified protein presented two endothermic peaks, the first one was at 76.71 °C and the second one was at 131.32 °C. However, only one endothermic peak was found for the Turkish purified protein at 157.63 °C. Both Tunisian and Turkish purified proteins were very stable towards heat-induced denaturation. In addition, the effect of pH, salt (NaCl and Na2SO4) and temperature on functional properties was investigated. The Tunisian black cumin seeds pure protein exhibited better antioxidant activity than that of the Turkish one at all tested concentrations (0.2 to 1 mg/mL) and temperatures (50 °C, 75 °C and 100 °C), as well as after gastrointestinal digestion simulation.

Comprehensive molecular classification of localized prostate adenocarcinoma reveals a tumour subtype predictive of non-aggressive disease.

Background: Management of localized prostate cancer (PCa) is a major clinical challenge since most of these cancers would not evolve but a majority of patients will still undergo a life-changing radical surgery. Molecular studies have shown that PCa can be classified according to their genomic alterations but none of the published PCa molecular classifications could identify a subtype corresponding to non-evolutive tumours. Materials and methods: Multi-omics molecular profiling was carried out on post-radical prostatectomy material from a cohort of 130 patients with localized PCa. We used unsupervised classification techniques to build a comprehensive classification of prostate tumours based on three molecular levels: DNA copy number, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression. Merged data from our cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort were used to characterize the resulting tumour subtypes. We measured subtype-associated risks of biochemical relapse using Cox regression models and survival data from five cohorts including the two aforementioned. Results: We describe three PCa molecular subtypes associated with specific molecular characteristics and different clinical outcomes. Particularly, one subtype was strongly associated with the absence of biochemical recurrence. We validated this finding on 746 samples from 5 distinct cohorts (P = 3.41 × 10-8, N = 746 tumour samples), and showed that our subtyping approach outperformed the most popular prognostic molecular signatures to accurately identify a subset of patients with a non-evolutive disease. We provide a set of 36 transcriptomic biomarkers to robustly identify this subtype of non-evolutive cases whose prevalence was estimated to 22% of all localized PCa tumours. Conclusion: At least 20% of patients with localized PCa can be accurately predicted to have a non-evolutive disease on the basis of their molecular subtype. Those patients should not undergo immediate surgery and rather be placed under active surveillance.

Physicochemical properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from black cumin seeds.

In the present work, water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from black cumin seeds. Polysaccharides were characterized by their carbohydrate composition, molecular weight, thermal stability and by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The surface, the functional and the antioxidant properties of black cumin water-soluble polysaccharides (BCWSP) were also investigated. BCWSP consisted mainly of galacturonic acid (30.20%), glucuronic acid (17.66%) and neutral sugar (22.99%). BCWSP was composed of high peak molecular weight. The FTIR spectrum obtained for BCWSP showed two most important absorptions, at 1659 and 1085 cm-1, which corresponded to COO- of uronic acids and pyranose form, respectively. NMR spectroscopy data suggested that the BCWSP is probably a rhamnogalacturonan backbone with galactan and arabinan side chains. X-ray pattern revealed the semi-crystalline behavior of BCWSP. WHC and OHC of BCWSP were relatively high and varied with temperatures. The polysaccharide zeta potential was greatly affected by pH. Results indicated that the decrease of surface tension has influenced foaming and emulsifying capacities. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the BCWSP was 63.25% at 1 mg/mL. The BCWSP displayed moderate reductive, ß carotene bleaching and chelating abilities. Overall, our results suggested that BCWSP could be used as alternative additives in food and non-food products.

Effect of substituted gelling agents from pomegranate peel on colour, textural and sensory properties of pomegranate jam.

A series of pomegranate jams were prepared from a Tunisian ecotype (Tounsi) with different amounts of sugar (10, 20 and 30%) and low-methoxylated pectin (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2%). The most appreciated formulation was that contaning 30% sugars and 0.2% pectin. Then, commercial pectin was substituted by other gelling agents (pomegranate peel powders dried at 50°C vs lyophilized, pectin and fibre extracted from pomegranate peel) for the preparation of pomegranate peel-based jams. The elaborated jams were evaluated for physichochemical, colour, texture and sensory characteristics. Results revealed that the jam (JPP2) elaborated with 0.2% pectin extracted from pomegranate peel exhibited similar overall acceptability to that prepared with commercial pectin. However, it was more acceptable than other pomegranate peel-based jams, which was related to a better appreciation of sweetness and colour. According to the colour and texture measurements, this sample (JPP2) was more reddish and less firm than other samples.

The foaming properties of camel and bovine whey: The impact of pH and heat treatment.

The effect of heat treatment (70°C or 90°C for 30min) on the foaming and interfacial properties of acid and sweet whey obtained from bovine and camel fresh milk was examined. The maximum foamability and foam stability were observed for acid whey when compared to sweet whey for both milks, with higher values for the camel whey. This behavior for acid whey was explained by the proximity of the pI of whey protein (4.9-5.2), where proteins were found to carry the lowest negative charge as confirmed by the zeta potential measurements. Interfacial properties of acid camel whey and acid bovine whey were preserved at air water interface even after a heat treatment at 90°C. These results confirmed the pronounced foaming and interfacial properties of acid camel whey, even if acid and sweet bovine whey exhibited the highest viscoelastic modulus after heating.

Round cell sarcoma of the colon with CIC rearrangement.

BACKGROUND: The CIC-rearranged sarcoma is a very rare highly aggressive malignant soft tissue group of tumors. It has recently been described as highly aggressive soft tissue tumors of children and young adults sharing similar morphological features with the Ewing sarcoma. The digestive localization is exceptional. CASE PRESENTATION: A 14-year-old male presented with a history of abdominal pain for 1 year, which increased in intensity over the last 2 months. Imaging findings showed a large heterogeneous mesenteric mass on the left flank of the abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and revealed a large cystic hypervascularized mass depending on the transverse colon and mesocolon. A wide excision of the lesion was performed with segmental colectomy. No postoperative complications were noted. The microscopic examination revealed a vaguely nodular growth of undifferentiated small round cells, arranged in solid sheets separated by thin fibrous septa with a scarce stroma. After an uncomplicated post-operative course, the patient was referred for chemotherapy. The patient died 2 months later with a peritoneal and pleural progression. CONCLUSIONS: The CIC-rearranged sarcoma is an aggressive tumor. There is no standard therapy for this rare disease. Their treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapy is common. Further publications and studies will help to determine a standard therapy for this rare disease.

Antioxidant activities, anticancer activity and polyphenolics profile, of leaf, fruit and stem extracts of Pistacia lentiscus from Tunisia.

Plant derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer drugs. The aim of the present study was 1) to evaluate for the first time the anti-proliferative activity of a polyphenol enriched extract obtained from leaf, fruit and stem of Tunisian variety of Pistacia lentiscus against two cultured cancer cells, and 2) to carry out a phytochemical analysis of vegetable extracts particularly by determining the chemical composition of phenolics (total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins content in solvents with varying polarities), 3) to  evaluate the antioxidant activity and identify the major compounds by RP-HPLC. Leaf extract using methanol/water (8:2) showed the highest polyphenol content (124.1 mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and antiradical capacities against DPPH were maximal in leaf extracts with IC50 significantly lower than that standard (BHT). In MTT assay, methanol (8:2) extract exerted the most potent cytotoxic effect. The leaf extract exhibited an important antiproliferative activity (IC50: 135.67 ± 2.5 and 250.45 ± 1.96 µg/ml in CaCo2 and AGS cells respectively) but the infusion extracts of fruit stems and leaves were inactive. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds in P. lentiscus leaf, fruit and stem including tannic acid, gallic acid, digalloyl quinic acid derivative, quercetin and   p-coumaric acid as major phenolics. The high phenolic content and the important antioxidant activities of P. lentiscus extract could be a useful source of natural products and may be increasingly important for human consumption, prevention of damages caused by oxygen free as well as for the agro-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

Antioxidant properties and phenolic profile characterization by LC-MS/MS of selected Tunisian pomegranate peels.

Antioxidant contents and activities of different extracts from four Tunisian pomegranate peels, locally called "Acide", "Gabsi", "Nebli" and "Tounsi", were studied. Peels samples were extracted with three solvents (water, ethanol and acetone). For each extract, the total phenol contents and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The highest values of polyphenol, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins were recorded in the acetone extract of Acide ecotype with 304.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g; 292.23 mg gallic acid equivalent/g; 15.46 mg Quercetin/g and 54.51 mg cy-3-glu/100 g, respectively. The acetone extract of Acide ecotype also showed the highest free radical-scavenging and reducing power activity compared to other extracts. Besides, the phytochemical analysis by LC-MS/MS revealed a high content of ellagitannins with punicalagin and punicalagin derivatives as the major compounds that might be responsible for promising antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extracts. Two compounds (Castalagin derivative and Galloyl-bis-HHDP-hex derivative) were detected only in "Acide" ecotype in important contents.