A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Ethiopian cohort of adult hypertensive people's adherence to healthy behaviors.

Background: Adherence to healthy behavior has become increasingly important in recent years for better blood pressure management. For the management and prevention of hypertension, it is a strong recommendation. But there have been a number of observational studies conducted in Ethiopia on hypertensive people's healthy lifestyle choices. An extensive review, however, that would have provided even a sliver of supporting data for developing an intervention, is missing. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to fill in this gap. Methods: The meta-analysis of an observational study was followed by a systematic review. Searches and extracts from the databases CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, EmCare, and Google Scholar have been conducted by three reviewers. Only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the analysis after the quality of the articles was evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After accounting for heterogeneity and publication bias, this study presented the estimated overall and six major domains of adherence to healthy behaviors among hypertensive adult individuals. The PROSPERO database had this systematic review registered under protocol number CRD 42020206150. Results: The overall estimated adherence to healthy lifestyle habits among Ethiopian hypertensive adult individuals was 42.45% (95% CI: 33.51-51.38, I2 = 95.2%). We also investigate the adherence of major domains of healthy behaviors, such as the estimated healthy dietary adherence: 50.86% (95% CI: 39.61-62.11%), the estimated adherence to physical activity: 48.74% (95% CI: 36.60-60.96), and the estimated adherence to sodium intake: 51.79% (95% CI: 36.77-66.8). The following variables were statistically significant predictors of adherence to the overall health behavior: education level (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 2.8; 95% CI: 1.98-3.63, I2 = 0.0%), duration of hypertension (POR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.80-4.32, I2 = 0.0%), and hypertensive people who was knowledgeable of hypertension (POR: 6.8; 95% CI: 1.05-12.58, I2 = 89.3%). Conclusions: Less than half of the hypertension population in Ethiopia had healthy lifestyle behaviors. A low percentage of hypertensive adults also had adhered to salt (sodium) intake, physical activity, and weight management. So, intervention programs should focus on the health faithfulness of the specific section of adherence to healthy lifestyle practice according to recommended lifestyle practice guidelines.

Level of dietary adherence and determinants among type 2 diabetes population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The beneficial effect of the dietary practice is significant reduction in the risk of developing diabetes related complication. Dietary practice among type 2 diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. Up to now, in the nation, several primary observational studies have been done on dietary adherence level and its determinants among type 2 diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap. METHODS: A systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization- Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles' quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion dietary adherence among type2 diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors favor to dietary adherence after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD42020149475. RESULTS: We included 19 primary studies (with 6, 308 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of dietary adherence in the type 2 diabetes population was 41.05% (95% CI: 34.86-47.24, I2 = 93.1%). Educational level (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 3.29; 95%CI: 1.41-5.16; I2 = 91.1%), monthly income (POR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.41-3.52; I2 = 0.0%), and who had dietary knowledge (POR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.59-2.79; I2 = 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of dietary adherence. CONCLUSION: The overall pooled proportion of dietary adherence among type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia was below half. Further works would be needed to improve dietary adherence in the type 2 diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and dietary education according to diabetes recommended dietary guideline.

Precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, it is still the second most common female cancer globally and the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in African. Though many efforts have been done to study the burden of the disease in Ethiopia, primary studies examining the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions are fragmented. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion and its trends in Ethiopia. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the following electronic databases. PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus (AIM), African Journals Online databases, and Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar Universities research repositories were searched following the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guideline. STATA 15 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia. Finally, the trend of precancerous cervical lesion in the country was presented. RESULT: Seventeen studies with a total of 26,112 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 15.16 (95% CI 10.16-19.70). The subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion at the Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (19.65%; 95% CI 15.51-23.80). The trend of precancerous cervical lesion prevalence showed an increased pattern over time. CONCLUSION: Approximately one among six of the study participants had precancerous cervical lesion. The trend also showed that there is still an increasing precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia. Best practices in achieving high vaccination coverage shall be informed by practices in other successful countries.

Level of nurses' knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis study in Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: Pressure ulcers (PU) are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue because of prolonged pressure. It affects millions of people in the world. One of the major nursing roles is to prevent patients from developing PU. Inadequate knowledge of nurses' toward PU can have a significant effect on preventive care strategies. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis study was to assess the overall level of nurses' knowledge about the prevention of pressure ulcers. METHODS: A systemic review of primary research was undertaken and nurses' knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention was evaluated. All original cross-sectional studies conducted only in Ethiopia in the English language were included in this meta-analysis. After extraction, the data analysis was done using STATA version 11 statistical software. Based on heterogeneity between the studies, the data were analyzed using a random effects model. RESULTS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all the studies on nurses' knowledge on the prevention of PU were reviewed based on the PRISMA statement. The overall knowledge of nurses' on pressure ulcer prevention was 46.24 % (95 % CI: 26.63-65.85). CONCLUSION: The overall knowledge of nurses' on pressure ulcer prevention was low in this meta-analysis study. Sustainable training about the prevention of PU is very important for all nurses.

Erectile dysfunction among testicular cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction is one of the common complications of testicular cancer with a prevalence of 11.3%-84%. It has devastating effects on men and their partner's quality of life, sexual satisfaction, and sexual experience. The findings of the previous studies on this matter were uneven and inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted to acquire a more recent and comprehensive result. METHODS AND MATERIALS: PubMed, Scopus, Goggle scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journal online, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. A heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Publication bias was checked by using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of erectile dysfunction. RESULT: Fourteen full-text studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of erectile dysfunction among testicular cancer survivors was found to be 34.60% (95% CI: 25.89, 43.30 [I2 = 95.9% p = 0.000]). Study design subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 50.02% (95% CI: 22.78, 77.28% [I2 = 96.1 p = 0.000]), and 27.36% (95% CI: 19.23, 34.48% [I2 = 91.6, P = 0.000]) in the case-control and cohort studies, respectively. Likewise, the level of erectile dysfunction was varied based on ED erectile dysfunction measuring tools and testicular cancer treatment modalities. CONCLUSION: In this study erectile dysfunction was found to be a highly prevalent complication in testicular cancer survivors. It had also causes of heterogeneity in terms of treatment modalities, study designs, and measuring tools. Therefore prevention of this complication should be the concern of the responsible bodies.

Nurses' intention to leave their job in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Nurses' intention to leave their job is a worldwide concern. Internal and external brain drain factors are the main reason for nurses' intention to leave their job. So far, in Sub Sahara Africa, several observational studies have been done on nurses' intention to leave their job. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of evidence for designing an intervention is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to the pooled status of nurses' intention to leave their job. METHODS: In the current meta-analysis, the target variables were searched from different electronic databases. These electronic databases are Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journal Online, EMB ASE, and the Cochran Library. To determine the pooled proportion of intention to leave their job in Sub- Saharan Africa, all the necessary data was extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. We analyzed the data by using Stata 15 statistical software. Heterogeneity between the primary studies assessed by Cochran Q and I-square tests. A random-effect model computes to estimate the pooled nurses' intention to leave their job. RESULT: We included fifteen full-text studies in the current meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the pooled proportion of nurses' intention to leave their job in sub-Saharan Africa was 50.74% (95% CI; 41.33, 60.14; I2 = 95.80%). The subgroup analysis showed that the highest pooled proportion of intention to leave their job (58.03% (95% CI: 47.93, 68.12)) in East Africa. The lowest pooled estimation to leave their job among nurses showed that South Africa (33.04% (95%CI: 20.45, 45.63)). CONCLUSION: In the current study, there was a high proportion of nurses indentation to leave their job. Nurses' intention to leave their job also varied from region to region in the study area. Therefore, health managers and stakeholders focus on design sufficient development and career opportunities, positive working atmosphere, and secure their autonomy.

Non-adherence to self-care and associated factors among diabetes adult population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Self-care practice among people with diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. So far, in Ethiopia, several observational studies have been done on self-care practice and its determinants in people with diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap. METHODS: A systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles' quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care practice in people with diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors hindering to self-care practice after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD 42020149478. RESULTS: We included 21 primary studies (with 7,134 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care in the diabetes population was 49.91 (95% CI: 44.73-55.08, I2 = 89.8%). Male (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 1.84 95%CI; 1.04-2.64, I2 = 15.0%), having private glucometer (POR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.46-3.95, I2 = 0.0%), short-term Diabetes Mellitus (DM) duration (POR: 3.69; 95%CI: 1.86-5.52, I2 = 0.0%), DM complication (POR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.48-2.95, I2 = 0.0%), treatment satisfaction (POR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.15-2.44, I2 = 0.0%), received diabetes self-management education (POR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.46-3.95, I2 = 0.0%) and poor self-efficacy (POR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.70-4.48, I2 = 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of non-adherence to self-care practice. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care among adult diabetes in Ethiopia was high. Further works would be needed to improve self-care practice in the diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and each domain of self-care practice according to diabetes self-management guideline.

Unintended pregnancy and associated factors among unmarried female students: A case of Bahir Dar University.

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy is a mistimed, unplanned or unwanted pregnancy at the time of conception. Unintended pregnancy has a number of adverse physical, mental, and social impacts. It brings illegal and unsafe abortions which are causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries like Ethiopia. Even if such problem has significant impact on the community, there is scarcity of evidence on this issue in Ethiopian higher institutions. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess unintended pregnancy and associated factors among unmarried female students in Bahir Dar University, North West Ethiopia. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among unmarried female students at Bahir Dar University from March 1st - 30th, 2018. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered, cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. The statistical association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using logistic regressions. P-value <0.05 in the multivariable analysis was set to statistically significant. RESULT: Three hundred eighty-nine students had participated in the study making the response rate 92.00%. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 10.00%. Getting money from family (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.42], p < 0.001) and being Health Science student (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI [0.16, 0.98], p < 0.001) were the preventive factors of unintended pregnancy. Being age of less than or equals to 18 years in the first sexual intercourse time (AOR: 6.31, 95% CI: [2.56, 15.53], p < 0.001) was positively associated with unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSION: In the current study the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was high among unmarried female University students. Unintended pregnancy was determined by the source of money, field of study and age at first sexual intercourse. Hence, students should use family as a source of money, abstain from early sexual intercourse and share experiences from Health Science students about the prevention of unintended pregnancies. In line with the alleviation of modifiable factors, health professionals should provide comprehensive reproductive health and contraceptive services to University students.

Nurses' intention to leave their job and associated factors in Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2017.

BACKGROUND: Intention to leave is an employee's plan of tendency to leave the current working institute to find an alternative job in the near future. Even though nurses are the backbone of patient caring, there was no study done on intention to leave their job in North West Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess nurses' intention to leave their job and associated factors in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia, 2017. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st March to 30th March 2017. After proportional sample size allocation, 210 participants were selected by simple random sampling method. Data were collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science version 23.0 was used to enter, clean, code and analyze the collected data. The association between independent and dependent variables was assessed by using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model. Factors that had statistically significant association with the dependent variable (P < 0.05) were identified as significant in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULT: From a total of 210 nurses, 191 of them were participating in this study making a response rate of 90.95%. From all nurses, 64.4%of them were employed in the hospital. In this study, nurses' overall intention to leave their job was 64.9% (95% CI: [57.6, 71.2]). Nurses' intention to leave their job was determined by disagree in recognition (AOR = 4.83; 95%CI: [1.73, 13.50]), and work itself (AOR = 31.30; 95%CI: [7.16, 136.78]). CONCLUSION: Nurses' intention to leave their job in the current study was high. The contributing factors for this problem were disagree in recognition at work and work itself. Hence, we recommended that hospital and health center managers should maintain recognition at work and work itself to retain nurses.

Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in East and Central Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia leads to about 4 million neonatal deaths every year around the globe. But, the pooled prevalence of asphyxia was not yet collated in East and Central African countries. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in Central and East Africa. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Africa Index Medicus, Africa Journal Online, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. A heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Publication bias was checked by using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia. RESULTS: Thirteen full-text studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in this study was 15.9% (95%CI: 10.8, 21.0% [I2 = 94.6, p = 0.000]). Regional subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was 18.0 % (95%CI:11.4, 26.7% [I2 = 96.00, p = 0.000]) and 9.1 % (95%CI:2.0, 16.2% [I2 = 90.80, P = 0.000]) in East and Central African countries respectively. Similarly, the level of perinatal asphyxia was varied based on asphyxia measuring tools. But the trim fill analysis pointed that there was no difference in the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in this study. CONCLUSION: The pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was high in the current study. It had also substantial variation across the regions and measuring tools. Therefore, there is a call to reduce the high burden of this problem in the region.

Low back pain among nurses working in clinical settings of Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 years of studies.

BACKGROUND: Nurses in Africa are arguably the most important frontline healthcare workers available in most healthcare facilities, performing a broad range of tasks. Such tasks are considerably presumed in the causation of workload. Nursing is listed among the highly risky professions for developing low back pain. The nursing profession is ranked within the top ten professions which have a great risk of low back pain. Hence, this review aimed to ascertain whether low back pain is a significant concern for nurses in African healthcare facilities. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of different databases with no date limit was conducted from September to November 2018 using the PRISMA guideline. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a 12-item rating system. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Cochran's Q and the I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was evaluated by using Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. RESULT: In this review, 19 studies from different African regions with a total sample size of 6110 nurses were included. All the studies were carried out between 2000 and 2018. Among these, the lowest and the highest prevalence were found to be 44.1 and 82.7% respectively. The estimation of the prevalence rate of low back pain among nurses using the random-effects model was found to be 64.07% (95% CI: 58.68-69.46; P-value < 0.0001). Heterogeneity of the reviewed studies was I2 = 94.2% and heterogeneity Chi-squared = 310.06 (d.f = 18), P-value < 0.0001. The subgroup analyses showed that the highest prevalence of LBP among nurses was from West African region with prevalence rates of 68.46% (95% CI: 54.94-81.97; P-value < 0.0001) and followed by North Africa region with prevalence rate of 67.95% (95% CI: 55.96-79.94; P-value < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Even though the overall prevalence of the present study is lower when compared to the Western and Asian studies, it indicated that the prevalence of low back pain among nurses is substantial.

Job satisfaction and associated factors among nurses in Bahir Dar city administrative, North West Ethiopia, 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among nurses in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017. RESULTS: The overall proportion of nurses' job satisfaction was 43.6%. From motivational factors, advancement (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI [1.17, 5.96]) and recognition (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI [1.08, 6.08]) were the main determinants of nurses' job satisfaction. Among hygienic factors, work security (AOR = 4.88; 95% CI [1.13, 21.03]) was positively associated with nurses' job satisfaction. In conclusion, the nurses' job satisfaction was low in this study setting. Modifiable factors such as advancement, recognition and work security positively affect job satisfaction of nurses. Therefore, the current study recommended that the health care system administers should work on improvement of advancement, security, and recognition in the facilities.

Compliance to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Association with the Number of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommended that 80% of communities in all countries should receive the standard dose of iron folic acid. But, in Ethiopia, this target was not yet achieved. The compliance of iron folic acid was also variable across each district. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess women compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with a number of antenatal care visits in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018. METHODS: In the current meta-analysis, the target variables were searched from different electronic database system like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. To predict the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia, all original studies were considered. All necessary data were extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. The data were analyzed by using STATA 14 statistical software. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by Cochrane Q and I 2 tests. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. RESULTS: Twelve full-text studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia was 43.63% (CI: 28.00, 59.25%). The women from the city administration had a high rate of compliance as compared with other regions of Ethiopia. The odds of having four or more antenatal care visit were the independent pooled predictor of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: Current compliance with iron-folic supplementation was lower than the World health organization recommendation. Mothers from the city administration who utilized the antenatal care four and above times, had high level compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. Therefore, we recommended that women should visit the antenatal clinic four times to compliance with the iron folic acid supplementation.

Determinants of premature rupture of membrane in Southern Ethiopia, 2017: case control study design.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of term premature rupture of membrane in Southern Ethiopia public hospitals, 2017. RESULTS: Seventy-five cases and 223 controls women were enrolled for the study. Two hundred eighty-four (95.3%) participants were admitted at the gestational age of above 40, and the rest, 14 (4.7%), were admitted at 37-40 weeks of gestation. The current study identified wealth index and inter-birth interval as preventive predictors, but smoking and hypertension during pregnancy were identified as positive determinants of premature rupture of membrane. This finding is supported by multiple logistic regression analysis result of wealth index (AOR: 0.102, 95% CI [0.033, 0.315]), inter-birth interval (AOR: 0.251, 95% CI [0.129, 0 0.488]), smoking (AOR: 17.053, 95% CI [2.145, 135.6]), and hypertension (AOR: 8.92, 95% CI (1.91, 41.605]). The association between PROM and its determinants indicated that evidence-based interventions should be needed and designed to have very high wealth index, and optimal interbirth interval, and prevent smoking and hypertension during pregnancy to decrease PROM occurrence in the study settings. Hence, we recommended that integration of prevention mechanism of modifiable determinants to the obstetrics health care system will reduce premature ruptures of a membrane.

Chewing khat and risky sexual behavior among residents of Bahir Dar City administration, Northwest Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Khat is a well-known natural stimulant and is widely used in Ethiopia, particularly in Bahir Dar city. Khat chewing is linked with risky sexual behaviors. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of chewing khat and its relation with risky sexual behaviors among residents of Bahir Dar City administration, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February, 2016. The data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess association between dependent and explanatory variables. RESULTS: The proportion of lifetime and current chewing khat among the study participants were 25.7 and 19.5%, respectively. Males (AOR 5.0; 95% CI 3.0-8.2) than females, merchants (AOR 4.9; 95% CI 2.6-9.3) than government employees, and those with average monthly income of ≥ 3001 Ethiopian birr (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.8) than ≤ 1000 had an increased current chewing khat prevalence. Having lifetime history of chewing khat was significantly associated with ever had sexual intercourse, having extra sexual partners, watching pornographic film and self-reported sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION: Chewing khat is associated with increment of having risky sexual behaviors and self-reported sexually transmitted infections. Harm reduction measures are needed to prevent the community from engaging in khat use and risky sexual behaviors.