Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission in sleeve gastrectomy patients: Role of enteroendocrine response and serum citrulline and I-FABP levels.

INTRODUCTION: This prospective cohort study examines the relationship between post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG) weight loss and serum citrulline, I-FABP levels, and the I-FABP/citrulline ratio in obese patients, alongside the correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission. METHODS: 88 participants were enrolled, including 48 undergoing SG and 21 with T2DM. 40 healthy individuals served as controls. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative assessments included citrulline, I-FABP, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and C peptide levels. RESULTS: Significant weight loss and T2DM remission (11/21) were observed post-SG. Preoperatively, patients had low citrulline and high I-FABP levels, which normalized postoperatively. A positive correlation was found between the I-FABP/citrulline ratio and weight, BMI, glucose, insulin, and C peptide levels. CONCLUSION: SG not only induces enterocyte dysfunction and mass recovery but also may facilitate T2DM remission and alleviate obesity-related effects on the enteroendocrine system. These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of SG on enteroendocrine function in obese patients.

Investigation of the Relationship of Nesfatin-1, Adropin Levels and Claudin-2, Renalase Immunoreactivity with Kidney Function in an Experimental Hypertension Model.

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is one of the cardiovascular diseases that causes the most mortality, and 95% of the causes are unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the possible correlation of nesfatin-1 levels, adropin levels, claudin-2 immunoreactivity (claudin-2 expression in the renal proximal tubule), and renalase immunoreactivity (renalase expression in the renal proximal tubule) with arterial blood pressure, kidney function, and kidney damage. METHODS: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control and hypertension groups (8 per group). Angiotensin II vehicle was given to the control group and angiotensin II (0.7 mg/kg/day) to the hypertension group, both via an osmotic mini pump for 7 days. The animals blood pressures were measured by tail cuff plethysmography on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. On day 7, 24-hour urine, blood, and tissues were collected from the rats. RESULTS: In the hypertension group compared with the control group, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure levels after day 1. While claudin-2 immunoreactivity was reduced in the kidneys, renalase immunoreactivity was increased. There was a decrease in creatinine clearance and an increase in fractional potassium excretion (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that claudin-2 and renalase are associated with renal glomerular and tubular dysfunction and may play discrete roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We believe that these potential roles warrant further investigation.

Identification of phantom movements with an ensemble learning approach.

Phantom limb pain after amputation is a debilitating condition that negatively affects activities of daily life and the quality of life of amputees. Most amputees are able to control the movement of the missing limb, which is called the phantom limb movement. Recognition of these movements is crucial for both technology-based amputee rehabilitation and prosthetic control. The aim of the current study is to classify and recognize the phantom movements in four different amputation levels of the upper and lower extremities. In the current study, we utilized ensemble learning algorithms for the recognition and classification of phantom movements of the different amputation levels of the upper and lower extremity. In this context, sEMG signals obtained from 38 amputees and 25 healthy individuals were collected and the dataset was created. Studies of processing sEMG signals in amputees are rather limited, and studies are generally on the classification of upper extremity and hand movements. Our study demonstrated that the ensemble learning-based models resulted in higher accuracy in the detection of phantom movements. The ensemble learning-based approaches outperformed the SVM, Decision tree, and kNN methods. The accuracy of the movement pattern recognition in healthy people was up to 96.33%, this was at most 79.16% in amputees.

Investigation of Kisspeptin Role in Experimental Kidney Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

INTRODUCTION: Kisspeptin is biologically active peptide encoded by the KISS1 gene that is structurally found in the kidney tubule, collecting duct and vein smooth muscle cells. AIM: We aimed to investigate the role of kisspeptin in kidney function and renal pathophysiology in experimental kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into control and I/R groups (n=8). Both kidney vessels of I/R group rats were clamped and subjected to ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 48 hours. After the reperfusion period blood samples and kidney tissue were collected under anesthesia. RESULTS: Levels of urea, creatinine (. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has shown that the levels of kisspeptin change in kidney damage and thus the kisspeptin may play a role in the regulation of renal function and in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury.

New Approach for Risk Estimation Algorithms of BRCA1/2 Negativeness Detection with Modelling Supervised Machine Learning Techniques.

BRCA1/2 gene testing is a difficult, expensive, and time-consuming test which requires excessive work load. The identification of the BRCA1/2 gene mutations is significantly important in the selection of treatment and the risk of secondary cancer. We aimed to develop an algorithm considering all the clinical, demographic, and genetic features of patients for identifying the BRCA1/2 negativity in the present study. An experimental dataset was created with the collection of the all clinical, demographic, and genetic features of breast cancer patients for 20 years. This dataset consisted of 125 features of 2070 high-risk breast cancer patients. All data were numeralized and normalized for detection of the BRCA1/2 negativity in the machine learning algorithm. The performance of the algorithm was identified by studying the machine learning model with the test data. k nearest neighbours (KNN) and decision tree (DT) accuracy rates of 9 features involving Dataset 2 were found to be the most effective. The removal of the unnecessary data in the dataset by reducing the number of features was shown to increase the accuracy rate of algorithm compared with the DT. BRCA1/2 negativity was identified without performing the BRCA1/2 gene test with 92.88% accuracy within minutes in high-risk breast cancer patients with this algorithm, and the test associated result waiting stress, time, and money loss were prevented. That algorithm is suggested be useful in fast performing of the treatment plans of patients and accurately in addition to speeding up the clinical practice.

An Efficient Big Data Anonymization Algorithm Based on Chaos and Perturbation Techniques.

The topic of big data has attracted increasing interest in recent years. The emergence of big data leads to new difficulties in terms of protection models used for data privacy, which is of necessity for sharing and processing data. Protecting individuals' sensitive information while maintaining the usability of the data set published is the most important challenge in privacy preserving. In this regard, data anonymization methods are utilized in order to protect data against identity disclosure and linking attacks. In this study, a novel data anonymization algorithm based on chaos and perturbation has been proposed for privacy and utility preserving in big data. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence, probabilistic anonymity, classification accuracy, F-measure and execution time. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm is efficient and performs better in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence, classification accuracy and F-measure compared to most of the existing algorithms using the same data set. Resulting from applying chaos to perturb data, such successful algorithm is promising to be used in privacy preserving data mining and data publishing.

Implantation of a right ventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead in the right ventricular outflow tract in a patient with Ebstein anomaly and right ventricular lead dislocation.

An 80-year-old patient with Ebstein anomaly and prior implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation was sent to our heart center because of right ventricular (RV)-ICD lead dislocation. Positioning of the new RV lead was difficult, no stable position could be found, and sensing and threshold measurements showed weak results in the RV basis, apex, and septum. So, we conducted positioning of the lead in the RV outflow tract where a stable position with good sensing and threshold parameters was found.

Transcutaneous lead implantation connected to an externalized pacemaker in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillator/pacemaker infection and pacemaker dependency.

AIMS: Systemic cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a serious complication, especially in patients with pacemaker (PM) dependency. In those patients after infectious device removal temporary pacing is necessary, to obtain adequate haemodynamics. In this study, a new therapy option with temporary pacing by ipsilateral implantation of a new active-fixation right ventricular (RV)-lead was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between September 2009 and November 2011, infectious lead removal was performed in 17 patients with systemic CIED infection. Temporary pacing was achieved by simultaneous implantation of a new active-fixation RV-lead, which then was connected extracorporally to the old CIED device. Antibiotic therapy was initiated. When laboratory infection parameters were in normal range and blood culture samples showed negative results, new CIED was implanted on contralateral side and temporary RV-lead was removed. Mean patients' age was 71.3 ± 9.1 years. Mean C-reactive protein values were 79.3 mg/dL, and mean leucocytes counts were 12.6 × 10(3). After lead extraction, temporary pacing was necessary in all patients due to severe bradycardia. Mean duration of temporary pacing was 12.7 (6-24) days. No major procedure-related peri- or post-operative adverse events occurred. Mean time of hospitalization was 20.8 (10-48) days. Mean follow-up time was 21.1 months (12-36), showing survival rate of 100% and freedom from reinfection in all patients. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral implantation of a temporary active-fixation RV-lead connected to an externalized PM and pursued antibiotic therapy seems to be a good option for patients with CIED infection and PM dependency, showing no temporary pacing-related complications and no reinfection after mean follow-up time of 21.1 months.