Work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Despite nurses receiving education on how to respond during crises, the stress and demands arising from unprecedented situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may affect their work engagement. AIM: To appraise and synthesize studies examining work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: It is a systematic review in which three databases were searched. Critical appraisal tools and PRISMA guidelines were used. Content analysis was performed. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Ethical approval was not required for this systematic review. FINDINGS: A total of 21 studies were included. The results were classified into three categories: (1) levels and meanings of work engagement, (2) the relationship of work engagement with various factors, and (3) measures to enhance work engagement. CONCLUSION: The review revealed that nurses' work engagement varied from moderate to high. Factors such as education level and work schedule flexibility influenced their engagement. Positive associations were found between work engagement and job satisfaction, intention to stay, and organizational support, while stress and workload showed negative relationships. The crucial role of health policymakers, hospital administrators, and nurse managers in acting ethically, creating favorable working conditions and fostering nurses' work engagement was emphasized.

Interpersonal relationships of the nursing team in the work environment according to nursing students: A qualitative study.

AIM: To explore the perceptions of nursing students from Brazilian universities about the interpersonal relationship of the nursing team in the work environment. BACKGROUND: Healthcare institutions are complex entities where diverse professionals from different educational backgrounds work together to provide high-quality care to the population. The effective coordination of services within these institutions is closely linked to the interpersonal relationships among these different healthcare professionals. Nurses play a crucial role as members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team, acting as fundamental links between other professionals and patients. DESIGN: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. METHODS: An online, open-ended questionnaire was used. A total of 30 nursing students participated in the study. RESULTS: Data were organized in two themes: (1) Interpersonal relationships of the nursing team and (2) Improving interpersonal relationships of the nursing team. Also, eight sub-themes were identified: Conflict dynamics within the nursing team, Hierarchical issues, Lack of communication, Impact of workplace interpersonal relationships on nursing students, Valuing the profession, Understanding role boundaries, Training in effective communication and conflict management, and Curricular reform. CONCLUSIONS: Blurred boundaries between professional roles, lack of respect, ineffective communication, hierarchical issues, and conflicts, were identified. Of particular concern was the limited interaction observed between the nursing team and multidisciplinary/support teams. Inadequate interpersonal relationships between members of the health team reflect negatively on nursing students during their clinical placements. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions aimed at improving interpersonal relationships within nursing teams.

Fatores que motivam os enfermeiros no exercício da profissão: pesquisa qualitativa / Factors that motivate nurses in the practice of their profession: qualitative research / Factores que motivan a las enfermeras en el ejercicio de su profesión: investigación cualitativa

Objetivo: identificar fatores que motivam enfermeiros no exercício da profissão e fornecer recomendações para favorecer a motivação desses profissionais. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Fazem parte da pesquisa um total de 32 narrativas de enfermeiros que atuam em serviços de saúde no Brasil. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: quatro temas foram identificados: (1) escolha da profissão de Enfermagem; (2) sentimentos com relação à profissão de Enfermagem; (3) fontes de motivação dos enfermeiros; (4) sugestões para favorecer a motivação dos enfermeiros. Conclusões: enfermeiros acreditam que o próprio ato de cuidar é uma importante fonte de motivação. Enfermeiros se sentem realizados, porém também estão desgastados devido às condições de trabalho. Reconhecimento profissional, melhores condições de trabalho e apoio institucional são alguns dos fatores que poderiam impulsionar a motivação dos enfermeiros.Descritores:Enfermeiras e enfermeiros; Motivação; Pesquisa qualitativa; Satisfação no emprego; Satisfação pessoal.

Objective: to identify factors that motivate nurses in the exercise of their profession and provide recommendations to support the motivation of these professionals. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. A total of 32 narratives of nurses who work in health services in Brazil are part of the study. Content analysis was used. Results: four themes were identified: (1) choosing the nursing profession; (2) feelings about the nursing profession; (3) nurses' sources of motivation; (4) suggestions to support nurses' motivation. Conclusions: nurses believe that caring itself is an important source of motivation. Nurses feel fulfilled, but they are also worn out due to working conditions. Professional recognition, better working conditions, and institutional support are some of the factors that could boost nurses' motivation.

Objetivo:identificar factores que motivan enfermeros en el ejercicio de su profesión y brindar recomendaciones para incentivar la motivación de estos profesionales. Método:estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo. Un total de 32 narrativas de enfermeras que actúan en servicios de salud en Brasil forman parte de la investigación. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido.Resultados:se identificaron cuatro temas: (1) elección de profesión de enfermería; (2) sentimientos sobre la profesión de enfermería; (3) fuentes de motivación de las enfermeras; (4) sugerencias para incentivar la motivación de las enfermeras. Conclusiones:las enfermeras creen que el acto de cuidar en sí mismo es una importante fuente de motivación. Las enfermeras se sienten realizadas, pero también están desgastadas por las condiciones de trabajo. El reconocimiento profesional, las mejores condiciones de trabajo y el apoyo institucional son algunos de los factores que pueden impulsar la motivación de las enfermeras.

Perceptions of nursing students about leadership: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Competent nursing leadership is essential for quality care. Nursing students must be empowered to exercise leadership. OBJECTIVE: To identify the perceptions of undergraduate nursing students about leadership and provide recommendations for educating future nurses to exercise leadership. DESIGN: This is a qualitative descriptive study. PARTICIPANTS: The study involved 30 undergraduate nursing students from universities localized in the southeast region of Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected in February 2023 through online Google Forms. Thematic content analysis was used. RESULTS: Three themes; (1) Opinions about leadership in nursing, (2) Skills needed by a nursing leader, and (3) Suggestions for educating nursing students in leadership, and 11 sub-themes were identified. Twelve (40 %) participants reported not having taken classes on leadership yet. Twenty-one (70 %) participants stated not feeling prepared for nursing leadership. CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate nursing students are aware of the importance of leadership in nursing care. Several skills were identified as necessary for a competent nursing leader, but efficient communication was pointed out as the most indispensable. Theoretical and practical classes, innovative teaching methods, extracurricular activities, and continuing education, were described as important measures to ensure competent nursing leadership.

Trends of publications on transformational leadership in nursing: a bibliometric analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the structure of publications on transformational leadership in nursing and determine its evolution process through a bibliometric analysis. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: It is a descriptive bibliometric study. Data were collected on October 24, 2022, from the Web of Science and analyzed using Excel, VOSviewer, HistCite and Bibliometrix R programs. FINDINGS: A total of 348 studies conducted by 962 authors and published between 1990 and 2021 were included. It was found that 84.5% of these publications were original articles and 97.7% were published in English. The studies are from 82 different journals and were carried out by researchers from 43 countries. The most productive country was the USA (n = 151). RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Only one database was used to search for studies. The searches were limited to the nursing category, and only studies published up to 2021 were included. Another important point is that, although there were no language limitations for the field literature search, English keywords were used; thus, the search can be considered semi-limited. It is believed that more comprehensive search strategies may generate different findings. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Two main themes were identified as the studies carried out in the field of transformational leadership in nursing, generally, directly or indirectly addressed the effects of this style of leadership either on nurses' performance/job satisfaction or on quality care/patient safety; however, a gap was observed in the literature in the area of nursing education. Researchers can be inspired by the results of the present study, by learning about the focus of published research on transformational leadership, which will encourage them to plan new studies to improve nursing education, nursing care, nursing management and working conditions of nurses. Through the results of this study, it is also possible to learn about countries and researchers for possible collaborations in future studies.

Challenges faced by nurse managers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review.

Background: Nurses have crucial roles in caring for patients and preventing the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, nurse managers have a prominent role during the pandemic, being responsible for the support and training of the nursing team to ensure quality care. While performing their duties in this time of fear and uncertainty, nurse managers face several challenges. Aim: To identify the challenges faced by nurse managers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: It is an integrative literature review whose search for articles was carried out in Medline, PubMed and Scopus. Qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Twelve primary research studies were included. Four themes emerged: (1) Workplace demands, (2) Impacts on physical and psychological health, (3) Coping measures and resilience and (4) Recommendations to better support nurse managers in times of crisis. Nurse managers had their roles expanded or completely changed, and they experienced many pressures and stressors in the workplace. Nurse managers also faced physical and psychological health problems. Nurse managers drew on experience; management skills; social media applications; support from family, colleagues and hospital administrators; training, and continuing education to solve the problems that emerged due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Organisations should use collaborative, inclusive and participatory practices for better crisis management. Conclusions: Knowing the experiences of nurse managers during the pandemic period may help health institutions and policymakers better prepare for emergencies.

Ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses while caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review of qualitative studies.

AIM: This study aimed to identify ethical dilemmas faced by nurses while caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Nurses express several concerns during disease outbreaks, some of which are related to ethical dilemmas. EVALUATION: It is an integrative review in which four databases were searched. Critical appraisal tools and PRISMA guidelines were used. Content analysis was performed to analyse the obtained data. KEY ISSUES: A total of 14 studies were identified. The results are presented into four categories: concerns with beneficence-nonmaleficence; awareness of need for autonomy; challenges to justice; and coping with ethical dilemmas. CONCLUSION: While caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses often put their own health and that of their families at risk. The ethical dilemmas faced by nurses are mainly caused by the lack of Protective Personal Equipment (PPE), shortages of medical supplies and personnel and the uncertainties that permeate an environment threatened by a new and highly contagious disease such as COVID-19. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This review provides information that can inspire nurse managers working during the COVID-19 pandemic to support and empower nurses to act in accordance with ethical principles, which is important in order for nurses to protect themselves while providing efficient and effective care.

Atitudes de profissionais de enfermagem e produtividade em serviços de emergência em Istambul / Actitudes de los profesionales de enfermería y productividad en los servicios de urgencia en Estambul / Attitudes of nursing professionals and productivity in emergency rooms in Istanbul

Objetivo: analisar as atitudes em relação à produtividade de profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em serviços de emergência. Método: pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizada em fevereiro e março de 2020 com 204 profissionais de enfermagem de serviços de emergência de três hospitais em Istambul, Turquia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Produtividade dos Profissionais de Enfermagem. Analisaram-se os dados com o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: as atitudes dos participantes em relação à produtividade ficaram parcialmente abaixo da média, sendo afetadas por fatores como escolaridade, escolha voluntária da profissão e satisfação com o trabalho. Conclusões: há necessidade de efetuar melhorias nos serviços de emergência para que os profissionais de enfermagem desenvolvam atitudes mais positivas em relação à produtividade, sendo sensibilizados à respeito da importância deste conceito.(AU)

Objective: to analyze attitudes towards the productivity of nursing professionals working in emergency rooms. Method: cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach carried out in February and March 2020 with 204 nursing professionals of emergency rooms from three hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected through questionnaire and Attitudes towards Nursing Professionals' Productivity Scale. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. Results: participants' attitudes towards productivity were partially below average, and were affected by factors such as educational level, voluntary choice of the profession and job satisfaction. Conclusions: there is a need to make improvements in emergency rooms so that nursing professionals develop more positive attitudes towards productivity, being sensitized about the importance of this concept.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las actitudes hacia la productividad de los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en los servicios de urgencia. Método: investigación transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizada en febrero y marzo de 2020 con 204 profesionales de enfermería de los servicios de urgencia de tres hospitales en Estambul, Turquía. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario y Escala de Actitudes hacia la Productividad de los Profesionales de Enfermería. Los datos se analizaron con el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: las actitudes de los participantes con relación a la productividad estuvieron parcialmente por debajo del promedio, y se vieron afectadas por factores como nivel escolar, elección voluntaria de la profesión y satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: es necesario hacer mejoras en los servicios de urgencia para que los profesionales de enfermería desarrollen actitudes más positivas hacia la productividad, sensibilizándose sobre la importancia de este concepto.(AU)

Cultural Competence of Turkish Nurses and Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Turkish population is characterized by its great cultural diversity, thus, Turkish nurses and nursing students often interact with patients of different cultural backgrounds from theirs. Cultural competence is needed to provide qualified contemporary nursing care. This study aimed to explore the literature on the cultural competence of Turkish nurses and nursing students. METHODOLOGY: The Whittemore and Knafl review methodology was used to extract, summarize, and synthesize data of 15 primary research articles published between January 2011 and January 2021. The search was done in the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center-ULAKBIM (PubMed, TRDizin, DergiPark). RESULTS: Three themes were identified: cultural competence, cultural-related problems, and importance of training on transcultural nursing. DISCUSSION: Appropriate educational courses on transcultural nursing should be implemented in Turkish nursing schools as well as in continuing education programs for Turkish nurses.

Saúde mental das crianças durante a pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus: revisão integrativa / Children's mental health during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus: integrative review / Salud mental de los niños durante la pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus: revisión integradora

Objetivo: investigar na literatura o impacto da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus na saúde mental das crianças. Método: revisão integrativa de artigos publicados no ano de 2020 através de buscas na Medline, Lilacs, BDENF, IBECS e BINACIS, a partir da pergunta norteadora: quais as considerações da literatura sobre o impacto da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus na saúde mental das crianças? Resultados: nos artigos analisados, observou-se que a pandemia e fatores a ela relacionados podem causar impacto negativo na saúde mental das crianças. Quarentena, infecção pelo vírus, contágio ou morte dos pais devido à doença, crise econômica e uso prolongado da internet são alguns dos motivos que podem afetar a saúde mental infantil. Conclusão: medidas preventivas e informações corretas sobre a doença são fundamentais para proteger a saúde mental das crianças durante a pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus.(AU)

Objective: to investigate in the literature the impact of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus on children's mental health. Method: integrative review of articles published in 2020 through searches in the Medline, Lilacs, BDENF, IBECS e BINACIS, based on the guiding question: what are the literature considerations about the impact of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus on children's mental health? Results: in the articles analyzed it was observed that the pandemic and related factors can have a negative impact on mental health and behaviour of children. Quarantine, self infection, contagion or death of parents due to the illness, economic crisis and prolonged use of the internet are some reasons that can affect children's mental health. Conclusion: preventive measures and correct information about the disease are essential to protect the children's mental health during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar en la literatura el impacto de la pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus en la salud mental infantil. Método: revisión integrativa de artículos publicados en 2020 mediante búsquedas en la Medline, Lilacs, BDENF, IBECS e BINACIS, a partir de la pregunta orientadora: ¿cuáles son las consideraciones de la literatura sobre el impacto de la pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus sobre la salud mental de los niños? Resultados: en los artículos analizados se observó que la pandemia y factores relacionados pueden tener un impacto negativo en la salud mental y en el comportamiento de los niños. La cuarentena, el contagio proprio, la infección o la muerte de los padres por la enfermedad, la crisis económica y el uso prolongado de internet son algunas de las razones que pueden afectar la salud mental de los niños. Conclusión: las medidas preventivas y la información correcta sobre la enfermedad son fundamentales para proteger la salud mental de los niños durante la pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus.(AU)

Violência e discriminação contra profissionais de saúde em tempos de novo coronavírus / Violence and discrimination against healthcare workers in times of new coronavirus

Objetivo: refletir sobre o aumento da violência e da discriminação deferidas aos profissionais de saúde em razão da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Método: reflexão teórica baseada na leitura, análise e interpretação de reportagens, artigos científicos e relatórios sobre violência e discriminação aos profissionais que atuam no combate ao novo coronavírus. Resultados: por ser uma doença nova, ainda existem muitas incertezas a seu respeito, o que pode levar ao surgimento de violência e preconceito aos profissionais de saúde. Foi justamente o que aconteceu, quando a população erroneamente começou a ver o profissional de saúde como um disseminador de doenças. Organizações internacionais pedem que governantes de todo mundo tomem providências, procurando proteger as equipes de saúde de se tornarem vítimas de violência e discriminação. Conclusões: administradores hospitalares e governantes precisam criar medidas, visando impedir que essas agressões e discriminações ocorram.(AU)

Objective: to reflect about the increase in violence and discrimination against healthcare workers due to the new coronavirus pandemic. Method: theoretical reflection based on reading, analyzing and interpreting news, scientific articles and reports on violence and discrimination to healthcare workers who combat the novel coronavirus. Results: as it is a new disease, there are still many uncertainties around it which can lead to violence and prejudice. That's exactly what happened when the population mistakenly began to see the healthcare worker as a spreader of diseases. International organizations call on governments around the world to take action to protect health teams that have become victims of violence and discrimination. Conclusions: hospital administrators and governments need to create measures to stop these aggressions and discrimination.(AU)

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el aumento de la violencia y la discriminación contra los personales de salud debido a la pandemia de nuevo coronavirus. Método: reflexión teórica basada en la lectura, análisis e interpretación de noticias, artículos científicos e informes sobre violencia y discriminación a profesionales que trabajan para combatir el nuevo coronavirus. Resultados: como se trata de una enfermedad nueva, todavía hay muchas incertidumbres al respecto, lo que puede conducir a la aparición de violencia y prejuicios. Esto es exactamente lo que sucedió cuando la población comenzó a ver por error al personal de salud como un difusor de enfermedades. Las organizaciones internacionales hacen un llamado a los gobiernos de todo el mundo para que tomen medidas para proteger a los equipos de salud de violencia y discriminación. Conclusiones: los administradores de hospitales y los gobernantes deben crear medidas para evitar estas agresiones y discriminaciones.(AU)

Pandemia ocasionada pelo novo Coronavírus: sistema de saúde e medidas de enfrentamento na Turquia / Pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus: sistema de salud y medidas de afrontamiento en Turquía / Pandemic caused by the new coronavirus: health system and coping measures in Turkey

Objetivo: contextualizar o sistema de saúde da Turquia e o enfrentamento à pandemia ocasionada pelo novo Coronavírus. Método: trata-se de um estudo teórico, exploratório baseado na leitura, análise e interpretação de textos científicos, leis e informações de sites oficiais do governo turco sobre o novo Coronavírus. Resultados: o governo turco sempre informou sobre a importância do isolamento social. Entretanto, uma parte da população não atendeu aos apelos feitos, por isso foram aprovadas leis visando restringir à circulação das pessoas. No momento, o aumento no número de casos e óbitos vem mantendo uma média e as restrições estão sendo reduzidas. Conclusões: testes rápidos são feitos em todos os suspeitos de contágio e o tratamento é gratuito nas instituições públicas, que estão bem equipadas. A população em geral e os profissionais de saúde precisam receber maior apoio por parte do governo.(AU)

Objective: to contextualize Turkey's health system and coping with new Coronavirus disease pandemic. Method: theoretical, exploratory study based on reading, analyzing and interpreting scientific texts, laws and information from official websites of the Turkish government about the new Coronavirus Results: the Turkish government has always informed the population about the importance of social isolation. However, part of the population did not fallow the recommendations, so laws were passed to restrict the people's circulation. At the moment the increase in the number of cases and deaths has been maintaining an average and the restrictions are being reduced. Conclusions: rapid tests are carried out on all suspected contagions and treatment is free in public institutions, which are well-equipped. The general population and healthcare workers need to get more support from the government.(AU)

Objetivo: contextualizar el sistema de salud de Turquía y el afrontamiento de la enfermedad pandémica debido al nuevo Coronavirus. Método: estudio teórico exploratorio basado en la lectura, análisis e interpretación de textos científicos, leyes e información de sitios web oficiales del gobierno turco sobre el nuevo Coronavirus. Resultados: el gobierno turco siempre ha informado a la población sobre la importancia del aislamiento social. Sin embargo, una parte de la población no siguió las recomendaciones, por lo que se aprobaron leyes para restringir la circulación de las personas. Por el momento el aumento en el número de casos y muertes se ha mantenido en promedio y las restricciones están reduciendo. Conclusiones: se realizan pruebas rápidas en todos los contagios sospechosos y el tratamiento es gratuito en las instituciones públicas, que están bien equipadas. La población general y los personales de salud necesitan obtener más apoyo del gobierno.(AU)

Equipamentos de proteção individual em tempos de novo coronavírus / Personal protective equipment in times of new coronavirus

Objetivo: alertar para a falta de equipamento de proteção individual e/ou seu uso incorreto e suas consequências para o controle da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Método: estudo teórico e reflexivo, utilizando reportagens, estudos científicos e relatórios. Resultados: para prevenir o contágio pelo novo coronavírus, uma das principais medidas é o isolamento social, o que profissionais de saúde não podem fazer, a eles restam uma boa higienização e o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Entretanto, em muitos países, incluindo o Brasil, há falta dos mesmos. São muitos os casos de profissionais infectados pelo vírus em torno do mundo. O profissional de saúde não devidamente equipado corre o risco de se contaminar e também ser fonte de contaminação. Governos de diversos países estão procurando formas de resolver o problema, porém enquanto isso não acontece os profissionais de saúde continuam correndo riscos, se contaminando e sendo afastados do trabalho, o que em um curto período poderá causar a estagnação do sistema de saúde. Conclusões: é preciso suprir as instituições de saúde com equipamentos de proteção individual e fornecer ensino aos profissionais com relação ao uso correto dos mesmos.

Objective: to warn about the lack of personal protective equipment and/or its incorrect use and its consequences for the control of the pandemic of new coronavirus. Method: this is a theoretical and reflective study using news, scientific articles and reports. Results: to prevent contagion with the new coronavirus, one of main measures is social isolation, which healthcare workers cannot do. At work, their main prevent measures are hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment. However, in many countries, including Brazil, there is a lack of such equipment. There are many cases of professionals infected by the virus around the world. Health personnel who are not properly equipped are at risk of becoming infected and also being a source of contamination. Governments in several countries are looking for ways to solve the problem, but in the meantime, healthcare workers continue to take risks and get sick, which in a short period of time may cause the stagnation of health system. Conclusions: it is necessary to supply health institutions with personal protective equipment and provide education to professionals regarding the correct use of them.