PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG MOTHERS IN A SEMI-URBAN NIGERIAN COMMUNITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background: The uptake of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is low globally including Nigeria despite its benefits and interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of EBF among mothers in a semiurban Nigerian community. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among nursing mothers attending the immunization clinic at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State. A semi-structured questionnaire containing the World Health Organization's indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices was used for data collection. Results: A total of 386 mothers were recruited with a mean age of 30.8 ± 5.0 years. Among them, 149 (36.8%) were below 30 years, 345 (89.4%) have had ANC visit at least four times, and 259 (67.1%) had initiated breastfeeding immediately after delivery. The prevalence of EBF was 52.6%. Natural feeds were the common feeds introduced after 6 months among 159 (78.3%) mothers. One hundred and forty-four (62.1%) nursing mothers aged 30 years or older practiced EBF compared to 72 (48.3%) persons below 30 years (X2 = 6.290, p = 0.012). Also, 38 (70.3%) mothers who have delivered four or more children practiced EBF compared to 180 (54.2%) with fewer children (X2 = 5.437, p = 0.020). Nursing mothers aged 30 years or older had 36% higher odds of practicing EBF compared to younger persons (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.358, 95%CI = 0.886 - 2.081, p = 0.160). Conclusion: To achieve the WHO recommended target of ensuring that 90% of nursing mothers practice EBF, advocacy and health education must be intensified.

Delayed-onset paraparesis in Lassa fever: A case report.

Lassa fever (LF) is an endemic viral hemorrhagic fever in West Africa. Among the serious complications of the disease are neurological manifestations whose spectrum is incompletely known. Here we report the case of a 61-year-old man who developed a delayed-onset paraparesis a few weeks after getting infected with Lassa virus, thereby suggesting a possible association between LF and spinal cord disorders.

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and interruption among patients assessing DOTS regimen in a tertiary hospital in semi-urban area of south-western Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains one of the most infectious diseases worldwide especially with the HIV pandemic. It is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Nigeria. Reasons contributing to high morbidity and mortality include high defaulting rate and treatment interruption. Several studies had evaluated the treatment outcome of tuberculosis but there is paucity of published literature on the outcome of treatment interruption especially in this environment. This study thus assessed the outcome of treatments and interruption among patients assessing DOTS regimen in a tertiary hospital located in asemi urban area in south-western Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The study was a review of TB register of the federal medical centre, Owo from its inception in 2008 to 2011. All the patients that have completed at least one course of chemotherapy (defined as 8 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment- 2 months intensive phase and 6 months continuation phase) were included. Treatment outcome and interruption were defined in accordance with World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations. Data were analysed with SPSS version 17. RESULTS: A total of 400 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 36.8 +/- 16.8 years and 56.3% were male. Majority, (79.7%) were adults aged 19-64 years, 12.5% were in the paediatric age group and 7.8% were elderly. Less than half, 45.3% had TB/HIV co-infection. Regarding treatment outcome of tuberculosis, 75.5% were cured, 14.8% died, 4% relapsed and 3% defaulted. A little above one-fifth, 21 (5.3%) had treatment interruption among whom 9 (42.9%) were successfully traced and completed treatment. Significantly, higher proportion of those that had treatment interruption died, 54.1% compared with their counterpart, 14.9%, (p < 0.001) and had relapse. (14.3% versus 3.4%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: A high rate of tracking failure among patients with treatment interruption was found in the study. In addition, mortality and morbidity were higher among patients with treatment interruption. A more concerted effort is needed in tracking/tracing patients with treatment interruption in orderto reduce morbidity and mortality among TB patients assessing treatment.

Sexual transmission of the hepatitis B virus among blood donors in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B can be spread by several routes, including sexually. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual transmission of the virus among the Nigerian population. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 234 blood donors in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Each prospective donor was screened for hepatitis B surface antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding the possible routes of hepatitis B acquisition and the number of lifetime heterosexual partners. Respondents were divided into three risk groups. The data obtained was analysed, and the frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were obtained. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and a p-value equal or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 234 respondents aged 18 to 56 years (mean 27.3 years) participated in the study. 223 were male and 11 were female. The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B was 17.1 percent. The seroprevalence was higher among participants without sexual partners (20.6 percent) and those with multiple sexual partners (20.0 percent), but lower among those with single sexual partners (15.0 percent). A history of needle injuries, jaundice and injections from quacks were statistically significant when these risks were combined with a sexual risk for hepatitis B virus infection (p-value is less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sexual transmission of hepatitis B was not found to be an important factor. Preventive strategies should include universal hepatitis B vaccination and discouraging the indiscriminate use of sharp objects and unauthorised medical practices.

Tetanus in a rural setting of south-western Nigeria: a ten-year retrospective study

ABSTRACT: We review the records of 79 tetanus patients in two hospitals (one tertiary and one secondary level) in Owo, Ondo state, Nigeria from 1997 to 2006. The male: female ratio was 3:1. Ages were 14-70 years (mean 33.25 years, SD ±16.76). The overall case fatality rate (CFR), 32.91%, did was not significantly different in the two hospitals. CFR for men was 32.10% and for women 35.29%. The main factor indicative of bad prognosis was a short hospitalization period. It was observed that 30.38% of our patients were discharged against medical advice (DAMA), that financial constraint was the underlying problem in 50% of cases, and that the trend of DAMA occurred at the two study sites. This DAMA phenomenon could pose a great danger to the eradication of this vaccine preventable disease in rural areas

A 7-year retrospective study of diabetesrelated deaths in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

A total of 362 diabetics were admitted over a 7-year period (January 1995 to December 2002) to a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Forty (40) of these (8.8%) died as in-patients. Twenty-six (26) were male and 14 were female. Thirteen (32%) were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Seventy percent (70%) of deaths occurred within 1 week of admission. A case-controlled study of the diabetic deaths revealed that presentation with any of the following were associated with in-patient death: diabetic emergencies (p<0.001), infective process (p<0.001), fever (p<0.001), systolic hypertension (p=0.001), and short duration of hospitalisation (p=0.001). It is suggested that greater awareness of diabetes and education of newly diagnosed cases may reduce this high mortality. In addition, the national health insurance system should cover all disease care, including diabetes