Clinical significance of preoperative serum sialic acid levels in colorectal cancer: utility in the detection of patients at high risk of tumor recurrence.

This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of preoperative serum sialic acid levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Total sialic acid (TSA) was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method and normalized to total protein (TP). A postoperative follow-up of CRC patients classified as Dukes' stages A, B or C was performed and survival analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of sialic acid levels on tumor recurrence. Our diagnostic studies indicate that TSA/TP is a better marker than either TSA or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), especially for the detection of CRC patients at an early stage. At a cutoff of 30.90 nmol/mg of protein, TSA/TP showed a sensitivity of 85% with a specificity of 97% to discriminate CRC patients from healthy donors. In survival analysis, both TSA and TSA/TP were found to be significant prognostic factors for tumor recurrence in CRC. Furthermore, TSA/TP could distinguish patients at high risk of recurrence within Dukes' stage B and in multivariate analysis it was identified as the best independent prognostic factor. According to our results, preoperative serum TSA/TP content could supply additional information to that provided by Dukes' stage about the prognosis of CRC patients.

Coffee drinking: the rationale for treating it as a potential effect modifier of carcinogenic exposures.

Clinical and epidemiological studies on cancer etiology seldom treat coffee drinking as a potential effect modifier. Yet caffeine exerts significant effects upon a large variety of physiologic, cellular and molecular systems. Caffeine, 'the world's most popular drug', is also a fundamental research tool, widely used in clinical studies on drug metabolism, and in experimental studies on cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and apoptosis, among many other. Caffeine can profoundly alter cell cycle checkpoint function and several mechanisms of DNA repair, as well as carcinogen metabolism. The impact of caffeine on cell cycle checkpoint function occurs in spite of it being nonmutagenic in traditional mutagenesis assays. A complex body of biologic evidence suggests that caffeine-containing beverages can both enhance and antagonise potentially carcinogenic exposures. However, most pathways leading to the ultimate effects in human beings remain unknown. It is unclear whether any of the hundreds of compounds contained in coffee and tea exert a direct and significant carcinogenic effect per se in any human tissue at usual conditions of use. Reasons exist to consider that coffee may sometimes be an indirect, positive confounder. The study of interactions between caffeine-containing beverages and environmental agents in well defined groups of healthy and diseased people could yield new insights into checkpoint signal transduction and other mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Information on the use of caffeine-containing beverages should more often be integrated in studies on the role of gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of cancer.

Value of the serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of the serum levels of alpha-L-fucosidase activity in the diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Using a fluorometric method we analyzed the alpha-L-fucosidase activity in preoperative sera from 137 colorectal cancer patients and in sera from 232 donors. RESULTS: The enzymatic activity of alpha-L-fucosidase was significantly lower (p <0.001) in patients (4.8+/-3.09 U/ml) than in donors (10.5+/-5.46 U/ml). Using the ROC curve, the ideal cut-off for the diagnostic value of alpha-L-fucosidase activity was determined to be 5.6 U/ml. The diagnostic efficiency for colorectal cancer of alpha-L-fucosidase activity was higher than that observed for carcinoembryonic antigen (cut-off 5.0 ng/ml), especially for tumors at an early stage. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that preoperative serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity may be used as a cheap and easy complementary test, in addition to standard clinical procedures routinely used for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Preoperative serum CD26 levels: diagnostic efficiency and predictive value for colorectal cancer.

CD26 is an ectoenzyme with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity expressed on a variety of cell types. Although the function of the high concentration of serum-soluble CD26 (sCD26) is unknown, it may be related to the cleavage of biologically active polypeptides. As CD26 or enzymatic activity levels were previously associated with cancer, we examined the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of preoperative sCD26 measurements by ELISA in colorectal carcinoma patients. We found a highly significant difference between sCD26 levels in healthy donors (mean 559.7 +/- 125.5 microg l(-1)) and cancer patients (mean 261.7 +/- 138.1 microg l(-1)) (P< 0.001). A cut-off at 410 microg l(-1)gave 90% sensitivity with 90% specificity which means that the diagnostic efficiency of sCD26 is higher than that shown by other markers, particularly in patients at early stages. Moreover, sCD26 as a variable is not related with Dukes' stage classification, age, gender, tumour location or degree of differentiation. With a follow-up of 2 years until recurrence, preliminary data show that sCD26 can be managed as a prognostic variable of early carcinoma patients. In addition, the origin of sCD26 is discussed.

Alpha-L-fucosidase enzyme in the prediction of colorectal cancer patients at high risk of tumor recurrence.

The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of the alpha-L-fucosidase enzyme to determine whether it can help in the early recognition of colorectal cancer cases at high risk of tumor recurrence. One hundred and twenty-three colorectal carcinoma patients treated by curative surgery were studied. The alpha-L-fucosidase activity was assayed in the tumor and in normal mucosa from each patient using a fluorometric method. Seven other clinical and pathologic features were also studied. To evaluate the impact of each variable over the disease-free interval, a postoperative 30-month follow-up of patients was performed, and a statistical survival analysis was carried out. The recurrence appearance was higher when the relative decrease of alpha-L-fucosidase activity was more than 52% (log-rank test, P = .0261). The results of this work indicate that alpha-L-fucosidase activity appears to be a good independent prognostic factor of tumoral recurrence in colorectal carcinoma.