Illumina MiSeq Sequencing for Preliminary Analysis of Microbiome Causing Primary Endodontic Infections in Egypt.

The use of high throughput next generation technologies has allowed more comprehensive analysis than traditional Sanger sequencing. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of primary endodontic infections using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform in Egyptian patients. Samples were collected from 19 patients in Suez Canal University Hospital (Endodontic Department) using sterile # 15K file and paper points. DNA was extracted using Mo Bio power soil DNA isolation extraction kit followed by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis. The microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene by using paired-end sequencing on Illumina MiSeq device. MOTHUR software was used in sequence filtration and analysis of sequenced data. A total of 1858 operational taxonomic units at 97% similarity were assigned to 26 phyla, 245 families, and 705 genera. Four main phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Synergistetes were predominant in all samples. At genus level, Prevotella, Bacillus, Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides were the most abundant. Illumina MiSeq platform sequencing can be used to investigate oral microbiome composition of endodontic infections. Elucidating the ecology of endodontic infections is a necessary step in developing effective intracanal antimicrobials.

MONITORING THE VIRAL LOAD IN HIV PATIENTS UNDER ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART).

Viral load monitoring is an important factor in managing HIV disease. Antiretroviral therapy is the recommended treatment for HIV patients, and the goal therapy is achieving viral suppression and reducing viral load below the level of detection. Viral load is an important parameter used to monitor the progression of HIV and critically regarding treatment decision. The results of present study revealed that there were statistical significant differences between patients maintained on treatment (GA) and patients without treatment (GB) regarding the viral load, and clearly indicated that adherence to ART playing a role in suppression the viral load supporting the immune system of HIV infected patients. The success of ART for someone living with HIV depends on, starting the treatment at the right time, choosing the right combination of (ART) and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment through monitoring the vilral load.