CD56, CD57, HBME1, CK19, Galectin-3 and p63 immunohistochemical stains in differentiating diagnosis of thyroid benign/malign lesions and NIFTP.

Detection of thyroid carcinoma has been steadily increased in the past few decades. After the recognition of NIFTP, also gain importance to differentiate benign tumors (follicular adenoma) from follicular patterned variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (invasive and infiltrative follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma), and low-risk lesions of thyroid (NIFTP). Follicular patterned proliferations of thyroid still persists as a battle for pathologists. In this study, we aimed to analyze the most commonly used immunohistochemical stains "HBME1, CK19, Galectin-3", adding the new ones "CD56, CD57, and p63". Study groups were; nodular hyperplasia, follicular adenoma, NIFTP, infiltrative follicular variant PTC, classical variant PTC (CVPTC) and follicular carcinoma. Each group consisted of twenty cases. The sections were stained with CD56, CD57, p63, CK19, HBME1 (Mesotel cell), Galectin-3 antibody. Although the expression of CD56 was high in benign follicular lesions, FC could not be excluded in this group. CD57 was high in malignant follicular group and NIFTP. Interestingly, p63 was found highly expressed in FVPTC, which might be promising to predict invasiveness in follicular group of lesions. CK19, Galectin-3 and HBME1 were found quietly prominent in CVPTC in concordance with the previous reports.

Histopathological Diagnostic Dilemma in Retrorectal Developmental Cysts: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.

Retrorectal developmental cysts are lesions that are classified according to their histopathological characteristics and origins. The major types are epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst, rectal duplication cyst, rectal cystic hamartoma and teratoma. These cysts grow slowly and the majority of cases are asymptomatic. Total excision is required and histopathological examination should be carefully performed for retrorectal localized developmental cysts, since the cystic lesions may show malignant transformation. Here, a 3-year-old male patient with retrorectal mass, which was histopathologically compatible with tailgut cyst, is presented and the differential diagnosis of retrorectal developmental cysts is discussed.

Parasitic infestation in appendicitis. A retrospective analysis of 660 patients and brief literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of parasitic infestations and inflammation accompanying parasitosis in a series of appendectomy cases.  Methods: Six-hundred-sixty  patients who had undergone appendectomy in Bingöl State Hospital, Bingol, Turkey with the preliminary diagnosis of appendicitis between January 2012 and February 2015 were included in this retrospective study. They were retrospectively evaluated in terms of age, gender and pathological findings. Cases diagnosed with parasitic infestations were re-evaluated histopathologically for inflammatory response.  Results: The mean age was 19.6 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.8. When evaluated in terms of histopathological diagnoses, 573 (86.8%) were diagnosed as acute appendicitis, and parasitic infestation was identified in 12 (1.8%). Among cases with parasitic infestation, Enterobius vermicularis was identified in 9 (75%) and Taenia in 3 (25%) cases. Of cases with Enterobius vermicularis, 4 (44.4%) had lymphoid hyperplasia, 1 (11.1%) had normal-structured appendix vermiformis, and 4 (44.4%) had findings of acute appendicitis. All cases with taeniasis had an inflammatory response: acute appendicitis was identified in 2 (66%) and acute gangrenous appendicitis in 1 (33%) of them.  Conclusion: Parasitic infestations are among the probable causes in appendicitis etiology and should be kept in mind during differential diagnosis. However, whether every parasitic infestation leads to appendiceal inflammatory response is controversial.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A rare diagnosis on cervicovaginal cytology.

Cervicovaginal smear screening is well known to reduce morbidity and mortality rates of invasive cervical carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of 56-year-old woman whose cervicovaginal smear was found to consist of malignant cells characterized by high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, scant rim of cytoplasm, coarsely granular nuclear chromatin and irregular nuclear membrane that were all reminiscent of a malignant lymphoma. Histopathological examination of the hysterectomy and unilateral adnexectomy specimen confirmed the presence of a diffuse large B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the cervix, endometrium, myometrium, serosa and the right ovary.