Evening but not morning aerobic training improves sympathetic activity and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with treated hypertension.

The blood pressure-lowering effect of aerobic training is preceded by improving cardiovascular autonomic control. We previously demonstrated that aerobic training conducted in the evening (ET) induces a greater decrease in blood pressure than morning training (MT). To study whether the greater blood pressure decrease after ET occurs through better cardiovascular autonomic regulation, this study aimed to compare MT versus ET on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in treated patients with hypertension. Elderly patients treated for hypertension were randomly allocated into MT (n = 12, 07.00-10.00 h) or ET (n = 11, 17.00-20.00 h) groups. Both groups trained for 10 weeks, 3 times/week, cycling for 45 min at moderate intensity. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiography) and MSNA (microneurography) were assessed at the initial and final phases of the study at baseline and during sequential bolus infusions of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine (modified-Oxford technique) to evaluate cardiac and sympathetic BRS. Mean blood pressure decreased significantly after ET but not after MT (-9 ± 11 vs. -1 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.042). MSNA decreased significantly only after ET with no change after MT (-12 ± 5 vs. -3 ± 7 bursts/100 heart beats, P = 0.013). Sympathetic BRS improved after ET but not after MT (-0.8 ± 0.7 vs. 0.0 ± 0.8 bursts/100 heart beats/mmHg, P = 0.052). Cardiac BRS improved similarly in both groups (ET: +1.7 ± 1.8 vs. MT: +1.4 ± 1.9 ms/mmHg, Pphase  ≤ 0.001). In elderly patients treated for hypertension, only ET decreased mean blood pressure and MSNA and improved sympathetic BRS. These findings revealed that the sympathetic nervous system has a key role in ET's superiority to MT in blood pressure-lowering effect. KEY POINTS: Reducing muscle nerve sympathetic activity and increasing sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity plays a key role in promoting the greater blood pressure reduction observed with evening training. These findings indicated that simply changing the timing of exercise training may offer additional benefits beyond antihypertensive medications, such as protection against sympathetic overdrive and loss of baroreflex sensitivity, independent markers of mortality. Our new findings also suggest new avenues of investigation, such as the possibility that evening aerobic training may be beneficial in other clinical conditions with sympathetic overdrive, such as congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Can blood pressure decrease after maximal exercise test predict the blood pressure lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensive men?

The acute decrease in blood pressure (BP) observed after a session of exercise (called post-exercise hypotension) has been proposed as a tool to predict the chronic reduction in BP induced by aerobic training. Therefore, this study investigated whether post-exercise hypotension observed after a maximal exercise test is associated to the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensives. Thirty hypertensive men (50 ± 8 years) who were under consistent anti-hypertensive treatment underwent a maximal exercise test (15 watts/min until exhaustion), and post-exercise hypotension was determined by the difference between BP measured before and at 30 min after the test. Subsequently, the patients underwent 10 weeks of aerobic training (3 times/week, 45 min/session at moderate intensity), and the BP-lowering effect of training was assessed by the difference in BP measured before and after the training period. Pearson correlations were employed to evaluate the associations. Post-maximal exercise test hypotension was observed for systolic and mean BPs (-8 ± 6 and -2 ± 4 mmHg, all P < 0.05). Aerobic training reduced clinic systolic/diastolic BPs (-5 ± 6/-2 ± 3 mmHg, both P < 0.05) as well as awake and 24 h mean BPs (-2 ± 6 and -2 ± 5 mmHg, all P < 0.05). No significant correlation was detected between post-exercise hypotension and the BP-lowering effect of training either for clinic or ambulatory BPs (r values ranging from 0.00 to 0.32, all p > 0.05). Post-exercise hypotension assessed 30 min after a maximal exercise test cannot be used to predict the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensive men.

Cystic Fibrosis: A Descriptive Analysis of Deaths in a Two-Decade Period in Brazil According to Age, Race, and Sex.

The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis has improved in the last few years due to greater access to diagnostic tools and the evolution of molecular biology; the knowledge obtained has contributed to the understanding of its death profile. In this context, an epidemiological study was developed focusing on deaths from cystic fibrosis in Brazil from 1996 to 2019. The data were collected from the Data-SUS (Unified National Health System Information Technology Department from Brazil). The epidemiological analysis included patients' age groups, racial groups, and sex. In our data, between 1996 and 2019, Σ3050 deaths were recorded, totaling a ≅330% increase in the number of deaths resulting from cystic fibrosis. This fact might be related to a better diagnosis of the disease, mainly in patients from racial groups that are not commonly associated with cystic fibrosis, such as Black individuals, Hispanic or Latino (mixed individuals/Pardos) individuals, and American Indians (Indigenous peoples from Brazil). Regarding of race, the Σ of deaths was: nine (0.3%) in the American Indian group, 12 (0.4%) in the Asian group, 99 (3.6%) in the Black or African American group, 787 (28.6%) in the Hispanic or Latino group, and 1843 (67.0%) in the White group. The White group showed the highest prevalence of deaths, and the increase in mortality was ≅150 times in this group, while, in the Hispanic or Latino group, it was ≅75 times. Regarding sex, the numbers and percentage of deaths of both male (N = 1492; 48.9%) and female (N = 1557; 51.1%) patients were seen to be relatively close. As for age groups, the >60-year-old group presented the most significant results, with an increase of ≅60 times in the registered deaths. In conclusion, in Brazil, despite the number of deaths from cystic fibrosis being prevalent in the White group, it increased in all racial groups (Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American, American Indian, or Asian individuals) and was associated with older age.

Chronobiology of Exercise: Evaluating the Best Time to Exercise for Greater Cardiovascular and Metabolic Benefits.

Physiological function fluctuates across 24 h due to ongoing daily patterns of behaviors and environmental changes, including the sleep/wake, rest/activity, light/dark, and daily temperature cycles. The internal circadian system prepares the body for these anticipated behavioral and environmental changes, helping to orchestrate optimal cardiovascular and metabolic responses to these daily changes. In addition, circadian disruption, caused principally by exposure to artificial light at night (e.g., as occurs with night-shift work), increases the risk for both cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise is a countermeasure against cardiovascular and metabolic risk, and recent findings suggest that the cardiovascular benefits on blood pressure and autonomic control are greater with evening exercise compared to morning exercise. Moreover, exercise can also reset the timing of the circadian system, which raises the possibility that appropriate timing of exercise could be used to counteract circadian disruption. This article introduces the overall functional relevance of the human circadian system and presents the evidence surrounding the concepts that the time of day that exercise is performed can modulate the cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. Further work is needed to establish exercise as a tool to appropriately reset the circadian system following circadian misalignment to preserve cardiovascular and metabolic health. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3621-3639, 2022.

Physical Activity Level, Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Profile Among Students in Sergipe State Attending Public Schools

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality among adults. Evidence has shown that sedentary behaviors are the main preventable outcome, however, many sedentary children also become sedentary adults. Therefore, identifying potential risk factors as early as possible contributes to therapeutic success. Objective To achieve an anthropometric and cardiovascular mapping of school-age students from Sergipe State, Brazil. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study with a representative sample from public schools in the state of Sergipe (n= 4700). Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed, and the Global School-based Student Health Survey was used to assess the physical activity level. An independent samples t-test was performed for all comparisons, and significance was established at 5% (p<0.05). Results Despite showing mean blood pressure values within reasonable limits (SBP = 114.1±12.4 mm Hg and DBP = 66.3±8.1 mm Hg), school-age students did not comply with global recommendations for health promotion. It was also observed a high rate of low body weight (42.6%), suggesting dietary compromises, which can interfere with the development of this population. In addition, only 7.3% of students met the minimum physical activity criteria proposed for maintaining their health status. Conclusion The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of maintaining Physical Education classes as an essential curricular component, since they provide several health benefits and ensure that this population reaches the minimum daily recommendations, preventing diseases in adult life. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Association of morningness-eveningness preference with physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic social distancing: a cross-sectional survey in Brazil.

Social distancing (SDIST) to contain COVID-19 pandemic spread implies reduced sunlight exposure and social daily life, which delay the circadian system and increase eveningness preference. The regular practice of physical activity (PA) is a time cue that decreased during SDIST. However, it is unknown if decreased PA may be associated with increase of eveningness preference. This study aimed to investigate if PA changes might be associated with changes in the morningness-eveningness preference of individuals practicing SDIST in Brazil. For this, 322 adults (18-89 years-old) regularly living in Brazil between March and October 2020 answered an online survey including questions considering the before and during SDIST period on PA (min/week) and morningness-eveningness questionnaire score. Sociodemographic, SDIST, anthropometric, and health characteristics were also included in the online survey. Participants self-reported an increase of eveningness preference comparing Before-SDIST with During-SDIST scores (56 ± 12 vs. 52 ± 13, p < .0001). Self-reported PA decreased comparing Before-SDIST with During-SDIST (230 ± 170 vs. 149 ± 155 min/week, p < .0001). Decrease in the total volume of PA and hours spent outside per day, and higher body mass index were associated with the increase in eveningness preference (R2 = .077), although the decrease in the total volume of PA was the strongest association (R2 = .037). In summary, our results show that SDIST may cause a delay in the circadian system, which is associated with the decrease of PA, a reduction in the hours spent outside per day with sunlight exposure, and obesity.

Effect of Resistance Training on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of resistance training on arterial stiffness (AS) in healthy subjects. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Scielo) were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of dynamic and/or isometric resistance training stand-alone versus non-exercise control group on AS assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) in healthy subjects. Random-effects modeling was employed to compare delta changes (post-pre-intervention) in AS between the resistance training and control group. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at 5%. RECENT FINDINGS: A total of 10 studies involving 310 participants (46.5% female; resistance training groups, n = 194; control groups, n = 116) were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing changes from pre- to post-resistance training groups versus control groups, no differences were observed in PWV (MD - 1.33 cm/s (95% CI - 34.58 to 31.91), p = 0.94, I2 = 91%). Resistance training stand-alone does not elicit changes (i.e., improvement or impairment) on AS in healthy subjects, but the high heterogeneity suggests influence of training protocol and/or personal characteristics that should be investigated in the future.

Effects of ACEi and ARB on post-exercise hypotension induced by exercises conducted at different times of day in hypertensive men.

BACKGROUND: Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is greater after evening than morning exercise, but antihypertensive drugs may affect the evening potentiation of PEH. Objective: To compare morning and evening PEH in hypertensives receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). METHODS: Hypertensive men receiving ACEi (n = 14) or ARB (n = 15) underwent, in a random order, two maximal exercise tests (cycle ergometer, 15 watts/min until exhaustion) with one conducted in the morning (7 and 9 a.m.) and the other in the evening (8 and 10 p.m.). Auscultatory blood pressure (BP) was assessed in triplicate before and 30 min after the exercises. Changes in BP (post-exercise - pre-exercise) were compared between the groups and the sessions using a two-way mixed ANOVA and considering P < .05 as significant. RESULTS: In the ARB group, systolic BP decrease was greater after the evening than the morning exercise, while in the ACEi group, it was not different after the exercises conducted at the different times of the day. Additionally, after the evening exercise, systolic BP decrease was lower in the ACEi than the ARB group (ARB = -11 ± 8 vs -6 ± 6 and ACEi = -6 ± 7 vs. -8 ± 5 mmHg, evening vs. morning, respectively, P for interaction = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: ACEi, but not ARB use, blunts the greater PEH that occurs after exercise conducted in the evening than in the morning.

Exercício físico e pressão arterial: efeitos, mecanismos, influências e implicações na hipertensão arterial / Physical exercise and blood pressure: effects, mechanisms, influences and impacts on hypertension

O exercício físico é recomendado no tratamento da hipertensão arterial. Agudamente, a execução do exercício promove aumento da pressão arterial (PA), mas, no período de recuperação pós-exercício, é possível evidenciar redução da PA e, principalmente, após um período de treinamento físico crônico, pode haver diminuição da PA clínica e de 24 horas dos hipertensos. Apesar desses efeitos serem conhecidos, sua magnitude e mecanismos dependem do tipo de exercício executado e de suas características. Este artigo revê os efeitos agudos e crônicos clássicos do exercício aeróbico e os efeitos mais recentemente estudados dos exercícios resistidos isométrico e dinâmico na PA, seus mecanismos e fatores de influência, ressaltando os pontos que embasam as recomendações atuais sobre o uso do exercício na hipertensão arterial. O conhecimento atual demonstra que: 1) o exercício aeróbico promove aumento da PA sistólica durante sua execução, gera hipotensão pós-exercício clinicamente relevante e reduz a PA clínica e de 24 horas após o treinamento; 2) o exercício resistido isométrico promove aumento progressivo da PA sistólica e diastólica durante sua execução, não produz hipotensão pós-exercício consistente e reduz a PA clínica após o treinamento, mas esse efeito hipotensor ocorre com um protocolo específico de exercício de handgrip; e 3) o exercício resistido dinâmico promove grande aumento da PA sistólica e diastólica durante sua execução, gera hipotensão pós-exercício cuja relevância clínica ainda precisa ser comprovada e parece diminuir a PA clínica, mas não a ambulatorial, após o treinamento. Face a esses conhecimentos, o treinamento aeróbico complementado pelo resistido dinâmico é recomendado na hipertensão

Physical exercise is recommended for hypertension treatment. Acutely, exercise execution increases blood pressure (BP), but, during the recovery period, BP decreases, and after a chronic training period, clinic and ambulatory BP may decrease in hypertensives. Despite these known effects of exercise, their magnitude and mechanisms depend on the type of exercise and its characteristics. This article reviews the classical acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise and the more recent knowledge about isometric and dynamic resistance exercises on BP, its mechanisms and factors of influence, highlighting the aspects underlying exercise recommendations for hypertension. Current scientific knowledge shows that: 1) aerobic exercise increases systolic BP during its execution, produces a clinically significant post-exercise hypotension, and chronically decreases clinic and 24-hour BP; 2) isometric resistance exercise produces a progressive increase in systolic and diastolic BP during its execution, does not promote consistent post-exercise hypotension, and decreases clinic BP after training, but this hypotensive effect results from a specific protocol of isometric handgrip; and 3) dynamic resistance exercise produces a huge progressive increase in systolic and diastolic BP during its execution, promotes post-exercise hypotension with questionable clinical relevance, and seems to decrease clinic but not ambulatory BP after training. Based on this current knowledge, regular aerobic exercise complemented by dynamic resistance exercise is recommended for hypertension

Anthropometric profile of sedentary women with and without hypothyroidism / Perfil antropométrico de mujeres sedentarias con y sin hipotiroidismo / Perfil antropométrico de mulheres sedentárias com e sem hipotireoidismo

Objective: To compare the anthropometric characteristics of sedentary women beginners in a physical exercise program in the gym, which had clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism, with women who did not have hypothyroidism. Methods: The sample consisted of eighty women aged between 23 and 45 years who started in a gym at an interval of two years and who had hypothyroidism and the control group, without this pathology, selected in a simple random way. Anthropometric measurements, such as body mass, height, body mass index, abdominal circumference and waist, and body fat percentage were performed. Student's t-test was applied for independent samples between groups and Pearson correlation within groups. The statistical significance adopted was p < 0.05. Results: The group with hypothyroidism showed significant difference (p = 0.05) compared to control group for the body fat percentage just for women above 35 years, just like women with hypothyroidism above 35 years showed strong association of anthropometric variables with waist hip ratio (r ≥ 0.70). Conclusion: Sedentary women, above 35 years and affected by hypothyroidism, showed greater association of anthropometric variables with the predisposition to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to their peers without the condition, and below this age range

Objetivo: Comparar las características antropométricas de mujeres sedentarias principiantes en un programa de ejercicio físico en un gimnasio, que presentaban un cuadro clínico diagnosticado de hipotiroidismo, con mujeres que no tenían dicha afección. Métodos: La muestra fue constituida por 80 mujeres con edades entre los 23 y los 45 años que empezaron en un gimnasio en un intervalo de dos años y que presentaban hipotiroidismo, y el grupo control, sin esta dolencia, seleccionadas de manera aleatoria simple. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas, tales como la masa corporal, la estatura, el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de abdomen y de cintura y el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Se aplicó el test t de Student para muestras independientes entre los grupos, así como la correlación de Pearson dentro de los grupos. Se adoptó una significación de p < 0.05. Resultados: El grupo con hipotiroidismo presentó una diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0.05) en relación con el grupo control para la variable de porcentaje de grasa corporal en mujeres mayores de 35 años, y las mujeres con hipotiroidismo mayores de 35 años mostraron una fuerte asociación de las variables antropométricas con el índice cintura/cadera (r ≥ 0.70). Conclusión: Las mujeres sedentarias mayores de 35 años y afectadas por hipotiroidismo mostraban mayor asociación de las variables antropométricas, con predisposición a mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares, en relación con sus compañeras sin dicha dolencia, y por debajo de este rango de edad

Objetivo: Comparar as características antropométricas de mulheres sedentárias iniciantes em um programa de exercício físico em academia, que apresentavam quadro clínico diagnosticado de hipotireoidismo, com mulheres que não apresentavam hipotireoidismo. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por oitenta mulheres com idade entre 23 e 45 anos que ingressaram em academia de ginástica em um intervalo de dois anos e que apresentavam hipotireoidismo e o grupo controle, sem a patologia, selecionada de maneira aleatória simples. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas, tais com massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corpórea, circunferência de abdômen e de cintura, e percentual de gordura corporal. Aplicou-se teste t de Student para amostras independentes entre os grupos, bem como correlação de Pearson intragrupo, adotando-se uma significância de p < 0.05. Resultados: O grupo com hipotireodismo apresentou diferença significativa (p≤0.05) em relação ao grupo controle para a variável do percentual de gordura corporal apenas para as mulheres maiores que 35 anos, bem como as mulheres com hipotireoidismo acima de 35 anos apresentaram forte associação das variáveis antropométricas com o índice de cintura e quadris (r≥0.70). Conclusão: Mulheres sedentárias, acima dos 35 anos e acometidas por hipotireoidismo, apresentam maior associação das variáveis antropométricas com a predisposição ao risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares em relação aos seus pares sem a patologia, e abaixo desta faixa estaria

Fractionated Concurrent Exercise throughout the Day Does Not Promote Acute Blood Pressure Benefits in Hypertensive Middle-aged Women.

Hypertension is a chronic disease that affects about 30% of the world's population, and the physical exercise plays an important role on its non-pharmacological treatment. Anywise, the dose-response of physical exercise fractionation throughout the day demands more investigation, allowing new exercise prescription possibilities. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the acute blood pressure (BP) kinetics after 1 h of exercises and the BP reactivity after different concurrent exercise (CE) sessions and its fractioning of hypertensive middle-aged women. In this way, 11 hypertensive women voluntarily underwent three experimental sessions and one control day [control session (CS)]. In the morning session (MS) and night session (NS), the exercise was fully realized in the morning and evening, respectively. For the fractionized session (FS), 50% of the volume was applied in the morning and the remaining 50% during the evening. The MS provided the greatest moments (p ≤ 0.05) of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) for systolic BP (SBP) and highest reduction of BP reactivity for SBP (~44%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (~59%) compared to CS (p ≤ 0.05). The findings of the present study have shown that MS is effective for PEH to SBP, as well as it promotes high quality of attenuation for BP reactivity, greater than the other sessions.

Influência do polimorfismo I/D do gene da eca na HPE de jovens normotensos / Influence of I/D polymorphism of the ace gene on PEH in normotensive young men / Influencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la eca en la HPE de jóvenes normotensos

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) é considerada uma estratégia não farmacológica adotada para redução da pressão arterial (PA). Ademais, sabe-se que a presença de alguns polimorfismos genéticos influencia a resposta pressórica, como o I/D do gene da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA). Objetivo: Analisar a influência do polimorfismo I/D da ECA sobre a HPE após três diferentes intensidades de exercício em jovens normotensos e fisicamente ativos.MÉTODOS: Vinte e seis jovens saudáveis (DD = 11; ID/II = 15) realizaram uma sessão máxima de 1.600 metros, na pista de atletismo e outras três sessões experimentais (Sessão Moderada: 6% abaixo do limiar anaeróbio, Sessão Intensa: 6% acima do limiar anaeróbio e Sessão de Controle), com aferições prévias da PA, por 20 minutos e posteriores ao exercício por 60 minutos.RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o exercício moderado ocasionou HPE independentemente do grupo genotípico, sendo mais evidente para a pressão arterial sistólica nos momentos 45 minutos e 60 minutos (p ≤ 0,05). Verificou-se também que a característica gênica exerceu influência sobre a área abaixo da curva pressórica (p ≤ 0,005) sobre a pressão arterial diastólica, formada 1 hora após o exercício.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o exercício moderado ocasiona HPE em jovens normotensos e fisicamente ativos, independentemente do polimorfismo I/D no gene da ECA, sendo que esse polimorfismo exerce influência sobre a hipotensão diastólica, e os indivíduos portadores do alelo I apresentam maior decaimento da PA diastólica (PAD).

INTRODUCTION: The post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is considered a non-pharmacological strategy adopted for lowering blood pressure (BP). Moreover, it is known that the presence of some genetic polymorphisms, such as the I/D of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, can influence the blood pressure response. Objective: Analyze the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on PEH after three different exercise intensities in normotensive and physically active young people.METHODS: Twenty-six healthy young men (DD=11; ID/II=15) performed a maximal 1600 meters running session in a athletics track and another three experimental sessions (Moderate Session: 6% below the anaerobic threshold, Intense Session: 6% above the anaerobic threshold, and a Control Session) with previous measurements of BP for 20 minutes and after the exercise for 60 minutes.RESULTS: It was observed that moderate exercise has brought on PEH, regardless of genotype group, being more evident for systolic blood pressure at 45 minutes and 60 minutes (p≤0.05). It was also found that the genic characteristics has influence on the area under the pressure curve (p≤0.005) for the diastolic blood pressure, formed 1 hour after exercise.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that moderate exercise causes PEH in normotensive and physically active young men, regardless of I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene, that this polymorphism influences the diastolic blood pressure, and that subjects with the I allele have a greater drop in diastolic BP (DBP).

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE) es considerada una estrategia no farmacológica aprobada para bajar la presión arterial (PA). Además, se sabe que la presencia de determinados polimorfismos genéticos, tales como el polimorfismo I/D del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA), influyen en la respuesta de la presión. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la ECA en la HPE después de tres intensidades diferentes de ejercicio en los jóvenes normotensos y físicamente activos.MÉTODOS: Veintiséis jóvenes sanos (DD = 11; ID / II = 15) realizaron una sesión máxima de 1.600 metros en pista de atletismo y tres sesiones experimentales (Sesión Moderada: 6% por debajo del umbral anaeróbico, Sesión Intensa: 6% por encima del umbral anaeróbico y una Sesión de Control), con mediciones anteriores de PA durante 20 minutos y después del ejercicio, durante 60 minutos.RESULTADOS: Se observó que el ejercicio moderado ha producido HPE independientemente del grupo de genotipo, siendo más evidente para la presión arterial sistólica en 45 minutos y 60 minutos (p ≤ 0,05). También se encontró que la característica génica ejerce influencia en el área bajo la curva de presión (p ≤ 0,005) para la presión arterial diastólica, formada 1 hora después del ejercicio.CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que el ejercicio moderado provoca HPE en jóvenes normotensos y físicamente activos, independientemente del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la ECA, y que este polimorfismo tiene influencia en la presión arterial diastólica y los portadores del alelo I presentan mayor deterioro PA diastólica (PAD).

Post-exercise hypotension of normotensive young men through track running sessions / Hipotensão pós-exercício de homens jovens e normotensos em sessões de corrida em pista / Hipotensión post-ejercicio de hombres en sesiones de carrera en pista jóvenes y normotensos

INTRODUCTION: After a single session of physical exercise the blood pressure is reduced (post-exercise hypotension, PHE) and it has been considered as a non-pharmacological mechanism to control the blood pressure. When the exercise is performed since youth it can prevent or avoid hypertension. However, it is important to consider studies with clear practical applications to optimize its reproducibility on a daily basis. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the PEH of normotensive and physically active young men after two track running sessions (maximum and submaximal). METHODS: Participated in this study 62 physically active young men (23.3 ± 4.2 years old; 75.5 ± 9.8 kg; 177.7 ± 5.5 cm; 12.0 ± 4.6% body fatF; 52.4 ± 4.0 mL.kg-1.min-1oxygen uptake), which performed a maximum laboratory exercise test for determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max - aerobic power) and subsequently three randomly running sessions (maximum - T1600; submaximal - T20; control - CON), with 48h interval between themselves. Blood pressure (BP) was measured each 15min during a 60 min period after sessions. RESULTS: Both the maximum and the submaximal exercise lead to PEH. The post-exercise values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure differed from resting value in session T20 (p<0.05). The same pattern occurred after T1600 (p<0.05), evidenced from 30th minute post-exercise. The CON did not result in PEH. The magnitude of decay for the mean BP at the 45th after maximum exercise was higher than the other sessions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that both maximum and submaximal exercises, performed on a track running condition, caused PEH in young normotensive and physically active men. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Após uma única sessão de exercício físico a pressão arterial é reduzida (hipotensão pós-exercício, HPE) e esta redução é considerada como um mecanismo não farmacológico para controlar a pressão arterial. Quando realizado desde a juventude, a atividade física pode prevenir ou evitar o surgimento da hipertensão arterial. Contudo, é importante considerar a realização de estudos com aplicações práticas claras para que seja otimizada a sua reprodutibilidade durante o dia-a-dia. OBJETIVO: Analisar a HPE em indivíduos jovens, normotensos e fisicamente ativos após duas sessões de corrida em pista (máxima e submáxima). MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 62 homens fisicamente ativos (23,3 ± 4,2 anos; 75,5 ± 9,8 kg; 177,7 ± 5,5 cm; 12,0 ± 4,6% de gordura corporal; 52,4 ± 4,0 mL.kg-1.min-1 consumo de oxigênio), os quais foram submetidos a um teste de exercício laboratorial para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max - potência aeróbica) e subsequentemente três sessões aleatórias de corrida (máxima - T1600; submáxima - T20; controle - CON), com 48h de intervalo entre elas. A pressão arterial foi aferida a cada 15 min durante um período de 60 min após as sessões. RESULTADOS: Ambos os exercícios (máximo e submáximo) proporcionaram HPE. Os valores pós-exercício da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica diferiram dos valores de repouso na sessão T20 (p<0,05). O mesmo padrão ocorreu após o T1600 (p<0,05), evidenciado no 30.º minuto pós-exercício. A sessão CON não resultou em HEP. A magnitude do decaimento para a pressão arterial média no 45.º minuto após o exercício máximo foi maior que nas demais sessões (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que ambas as sessões de corrida em pista, máxima e submáxima, proporcionaram HPE em homens normotensos e fisicamente ativos. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Después de una única sesión de ejercicio físico la presión arterial es reducida (HPE) y esta reducción es considerada como un mecanismo no farmacológico para controlar la presión arterial y, cuando realizado desde la juventud, puede prevenir o evitar la aparición de la hipertensión arterial. Sin embargo, es importante considerar la realización de estudios con aplicaciones prácticas claras para optimizar su reproducibilidad durante el día a día. OBJETIVO: Analizar la HPE en individuos jóvenes, normotensos y físicamente activos después de dos sesiones de carrera en pista (máxima y submáxima). MÉTODOS: Participaron en este estudio 62 hombres físicamente activos (23,3±4,2 años, 75,5±9,8 kg, 177,7±5,5 cm, 12,0±4,6% de grasa corporal, 52,4±4,0mL.kg-1.min-1), los que fueron sometidos a un test de ejercicios de laboratorio para determinación del control máximo de oxígeno. (VO2max - potencia aeróbica) y subsiguientemente tres sesiones randomizadas de HPE (máxima - T1600; submáxima - T20; control - CON), con 48 horas de intervalo entre ellas. La presión arterial fue medida a cada 15 minutos durante un período de 60 minutos después de las sesiones. RESULTADOS: Ambos ejercicios (máximo e submáximo) proporcionaron HPE. Los valores post-ejercicio de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica difirieron de los valores de reposo en la sesión T20 (p<0,05). El mismo patrón ocurrió después del T1600 (p<0,05), evidenciado en el 30º minuto posterior al ejercicio. La sesión CON no resultó en HEP. La magnitud de decaimiento para la presión arterial promedio en el 45º minuto posterior al ejercicio máximo fue mayor que en las demás sesiones (p<0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Concluimos que ambas sesiones de carrera en pista, máxima y submáxima, proporcionaron HPE en hombres normotensos y físicamente activos. .