Anisotropy Influences on the Drug Delivery Mechanisms by Means of Joint Invariant Functions.

In the frame of Higuchi's type functionality, this paper presents the anisotropy influences on the drug delivery mechanisms through the joint invariant functions to the simultaneous actions of the two SL(2R) isomorphic groups. Then, a new equation for drug delivery mechanism, independent of the type of polymer matrix and/or drug, is proposed.

A multiscale mechanism of drug release from polymeric matrices: confirmation through a nonlinear theoretical model.

In this paper, we propose a new approach for the dynamics of drug delivery systems, assimilated to complex systems, an approach based on concepts like fractality, non-differentiability, and multiscale evolution. The main advantage of using these concepts is the possibility of eliminating the approximations used in the standard approach by replacing complexity with fractality, that imposes, in mathematical terms, the mandatory use of the non-differential character of defined physical quantities. The theoretical model presented, validated for other physical systems, demonstrates its functionality also for drug delivery systems, highlighting, in addition, new insights into the complexity of this system. The spatio-temporal scales of system evolution are characterized through the fractality degree, as a measure of the complexity of the phenomena occurring at each scale. Numerical analysis of the experiment showed that the overall drug release kinetics can be obtained by composing "smaller release kinetics" occurring at scales appropriate for each phase of the drug release mechanism, phases whose expansion depends on the system density. Moreover, the uncertainties in establishing the exact limits of the phases were removed by applying the principle of scale superposition, resulting in a global fractality degree corresponding to the entire release kinetics. Even if the theoretical model is perfectible by identifying constants specific to each delivery system, this paper is intended to be the beginning of an alternative approach to drug delivery mechanisms.

Phases in the temporal multiscale evolution of the drug release mechanism in IPN-type chitosan based hydrogels.

The study proposes modeling calcein release kinetics (considered as a hydrophilic drug model) from an interpenetrating network matrix of hydrogels, based on the combination of two polymers, of which chitosan is the most commonly used polymer. The release process is analyzed for different increasing time intervals, based on the evolution of the release kinetics. For each time interval, a dominant release mechanism was identified and quantitative analyses were performed, to probe the existence of four distinct stages during its evolution with each stage governed by a different kinetics model. An interesting and original aspect, which is analyzed through a novel approach, is that of drug release at longer time scales, which is often overlooked. It revealed that the system behaves as a complex one and its evolution can be described through a nonlinear theoretical model, which offers us new insights into its order-disorder evolution.