Thickness of anterior sclera and corneal layers in systemic sclerosis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the thickness of anterior sclera and corneal layers in patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study included 41 patients with systemic sclerosis and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The study and control groups were compared in terms of the thickness of anterior sclera, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, corneal stroma, and Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex. The thickness measurements were obtained using the anterior segment module of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The thickness of anterior sclera, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, and Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex were similar in the patients with systemic sclerosis and healthy controls (P > 0.05). Total corneal thickness at the apex was 511.1 ± 33.5 µm in the systemic sclerosis group and 528.4 ± 29.5 µm in the control group (P = 0.015). The corneal stroma was thinner in the systemic sclerosis patients compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The corneal stroma was thinner in the patients with systemic sclerosis compared to that of healthy controls, while the thickness of the anterior sclera was similar in both groups.

Effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of subconjunctival injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) injection on healing and complication rates after pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft. METHODS: This retrospective and comparative study evaluated 31 eyes that received i-PRF injections under the donor and graft conjunctiva following pterygium surgery, while 34 eyes did not receive i-PRF after the pterygium surgery. The patients' follow-up period was for 12 months. Postoperative recurrence, epithelial healing time, postoperative pain score, graft edema, and sliding of the graft (need for re-suturation) data were evaluated. RESULTS: For the 12 months after surgery, one eye (3.2%) in the i-PRF group had developed corneal recurrence, and five eyes (14.7%) in the non-i-PRF group had developed recurrence. The mean corneal epithelial healing time was 2.96 ± 0.70 days in the i-PRF group and 3.58 ± 0.70 days in the non-i-PRF group (p = 0.001). The mean healing time of the donor conjunctiva epithelium was 3.84 ± 0.70 days in the i-PRF group, whereas it was 4.44 ± 0.74 days in the non-i-PRF group (p = 0.006). The mean postoperative pain score was 4.45 ± 1.52 in the i-PRF group and 5.08 ± 1.40 in the non-i-PRF group. In the non-i-PRF group, three cases (8.8%) required re-suturation, whereas, in the i-PRF group, no one required re-suturation. CONCLUSIONS: Thanks to its platelets-derived growth factors, i-PRF can be a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for faster healing of conjunctival autograft and in the prevention of recurrence.

The Effect of Photochromic Contact Lenses on Pupil Size.

Objectives: Photochromic contact lenses (PCL) are designed to increase the comfort of patients, in bright light conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of PCL on pupil size. Methods: The study was conducted with 30 patients who were admitted to the contact lens department. Automated pupilography images of the right eyes of patients were obtained without contact lenses (group 1) in scotopic (S: 0.4 lux), mesopic (M: 4.0 lux), and photopic (p=40 lux) conditions. The procedures were repeated with silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Group 2) and with silicon hydrogel PCL (group 3). Results: Mean age was 23.87±3.27 (17-30) years and male/female ratio was 10/20. The mean spheric equivalent of their right eyes was -3.60±1.73 (-0.50--7.50). Pupil diameters of Group 3, under scotopic conditions, were larger than Group 1 and 2 (p=0.001, p=0.044). There was no difference between groups under mesotopic and photopic conditions. Pupil diameters at the different illumination levels were similar regarding gender. Conclusion: Similarity in mesotopic and photopic pupil sizes compared to all groups may be a result of insignificant pupil changes of photochromic lenses in indoor conditions or insufficient time for lens activation.

How Does Pupil Size Affect Lens and Corneal Densitometry Measured by Scheimpflug Tomography?

Objectives: To investigate the effects of pupil diameter on the evaluation of lens and corneal densitometry measured by Scheimpflug tomography. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and comparative study used the right eyes of 32 participants. Corneal and lenticular optical densitometries, corneal volume, anterior segment volume, and anterior chamber depth measurements were taken with the Scheimpflug imaging system when the pupils were mid-dilated and fully dilated. The results were statistically compared. Results: The mean lens density was 19.20±3.05 when the pupils were mid-dilated (mean pupil diameter 2.98±0.89 mm) and 23.25±3.88 at full dilation (mean pupil diameter 5.01±0.92 mm) (p<0.001). The mean corneal density was 16.15±0.99 with mid-dilated pupils and 16.38±0.95 with fully dilated pupils (p=0.065). Anterior chamber depth and anterior segment volume measurements increased with larger pupil diameter (p<0.05). Conclusion: The lens densitometry values increased with an increase in pupil diameter. The corneal density measurements increased minimally but the differences were not statistically significant. This study revealed that lens densitometry was significantly affected by pupil diameter.

Short-term changes detected by corneal topography and optical coherence tomography after prophylactic laser iridotomy in primary angle closure suspect.

PURPOSE: To evaluate early changes in anterior segment parameters by Scheimpflug-Placido disc topography system and changes in retinal layers by optical coherence tomography in primary angle-closure suspects after laser peripheral iridotomy. METHODS: One eye of 26 patients with primary angle closure suspect and of 20 healthy subjects were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Anterior chamber depth/volume, iridocorneal angle and central corneal thickness were obtained by Scheimpflug-Placido disc topography system. Retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness were acquired by optical coherence tomography. All the tests were repeated 1 week and 1 month after laser peripheral iridotomy. RESULTS: The mean ages of the patients and healthy controls were 64.8 ± 10.7 years and 64.5 ± 3.9 years, respectively (p = 0.990). Anterior chamber depth/volume and iridocorneal angle value were lower in the PACS group (p < 0.001, for all). Anterior chamber volume and iridocorneal angle increased significantly after laser peripheral iridotomy (p = 0.004, for both). While foveal thickness decreased significantly after laser peripheral iridotomy (p = 0.027), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness increased in superior and temporal quadrants (p = 0.038 and p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that LPI in patients with PACS provides improved retinal thickness and RNFL thickness, as well as anterior chamber parameters.

The results of Muller Muscle Conjunctival Resection versus Levator Advancement for mild to moderate ptosis.

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of Muller muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) and levator advancement (LA) in patients with mild to moderate blepharoptosis. Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for mild to moderate ptosis between 2015 and 2020 was performed. The degree of ptosis was graded based on the amount of upper eyelid drooping: mild ≤ 2 mm and moderate < 4 mm. Surgical success was defined as post-operative marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) ≥ 4.0 and ≤ 5.0 mm, and a satisfactory eyelid contour. Results: A total of 82 eyes of 65 patients underwent ptosis repair surgeries. MMCR was performed in 48 eyes and LA in 34 eyes. Under-correction was detected in 8.3% and 11.8% of the patients in MMCR group and LA group respectively. There was no patient with over-correction in the MMCR group postoperatively, 3 patients in the LA group had over-correction (0% vs. 8.8% respectively). The success rate in our study was found to be 91.7% in the MMCR group and 72.2% in the LA group. Conclusions: The MMCR and LA procedures are effective approaches in treating patients with mild to moderate eyelid ptosis in our population. Each procedure had its superiority in selected groups of patients. However, the complication rate and duration of surgery were found to be lower in MMCR group. Abbreviations: LA = Levator Advancement, LF = Levator Function, MMCR = Muller Muscle Conjunctival Resection, MRD 1 = Marginal Reflex Distance.

Early term ocular changes after cold compress application / Alterações oculares precoces após aplicação de compressas frias

ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine changes in the eyes after cold compress application at the early stage. Method: A total of 62 eyes from 62 healthy adult participants were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness were measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography. The central corneal thickness, anterior segment volume and depth, iridocorneal angle, and pupil diameter were measured by means of the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging method. The measurements were repeated after 10 min of cold compress application, which was applied using special packs. The procedures were then repeated with non-cold packages to exclude the effect of pressure. Results: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.82 years. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness after cold compress application, and there was a significant decrease in the anterior segment volume (p<0.001), anterior segment depth (p<0.001), and pupil diameter. Moreover, the iridocorneal angle increased (p=0.002). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased after the application of cold compress (p<0.001). The overall disk thickness (p=0.034) and superior nasal scale (p=0.007) significantly decreased after the cold compress was administered during the evaluation of optic nerve fiber thickness. In contrast to that with the cold application, the subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve fiber thickness did not change after the non-cold compress application (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cold compress application may thus cause some physiological changes in the eyes, which necessitates the examination of its usage and effects.

RESUMO Objetivos: Examinar as mudanças nos olhos após a aplicação com compressa fria. Método: Sessenta e dois olhos de 62 adultos saudáveis foram incluídos neste estudo transversal e comparativo. A espessura da coróide subfoveal e a espessura da fibra nervosa retiniana foram mensuradas por tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (OCT). A espessura central da córnea, o volume e a profundidade do segmento anterior, o ângulo iridocorneano e o diâmetro da pupila foram mensurados por meio do método de imagem do segmento anterior de Scheimpflug. As medições foram repetidas após 10 minutos de aplicação de compressas frias, aplicadas com embalagens especiais. Os procedimentos foram repetidos com embalagens não frias para excluir o efeito da pressão. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 30,74 ± 5,82 anos. Embora não tenha havido alteração significativa na espessura central da córnea após a aplicação da compressa fria, houve diminuição significativa no volume do segmento anterior (p<0,001), na profundidade do segmento anterior (p<0,001) e no diâmetro da pupila. Além disso, o ângulo iridocorneano aumentou (p=0,002). A espessura da coróide subfoveal diminuiu após a aplicação da compressa fria (p<0,001). A espessura total do disco (p=0,034) e a escala nasal superior (p=0,007) diminuíram significativamente após a administração da compressa fria durante a avaliação da espessura da fibra do nervo óptico. Ao contrário da aplicação com compressa fria, a espessura da coróide subfoveal e a espessura da fibra do nervo óptico não mudaram após a aplicação da compressa não fria (p>0,05). Conclusão: A aplicação de compressa fria pode causar algumas alterações fisiológicas nos olhos e o seu uso e efeitos devem ser observados.

Early term ocular changes after cold compress application.

PURPOSE: To examine changes in the eyes after cold compress application at the early stage. METHOD: A total of 62 eyes from 62 healthy adult participants were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness were measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography. The central corneal thickness, anterior segment volume and depth, iridocorneal angle, and pupil diameter were measured by means of the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging method. The measurements were repeated after 10 min of cold compress application, which was applied using special packs. The procedures were then repeated with non-cold packages to exclude the effect of pressure. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.82 years. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness after cold compress application, and there was a significant decrease in the anterior segment volume (p<0.001), anterior segment depth (p<0.001), and pupil diameter. Moreover, the iridocorneal angle increased (p=0.002). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased after the application of cold compress (p<0.001). The overall disk thickness (p=0.034) and superior nasal scale (p=0.007) significantly decreased after the cold compress was administered during the evaluation of optic nerve fiber thickness. In contrast to that with the cold application, the subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve fiber thickness did not change after the non-cold compress application (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cold compress application may thus cause some physiological changes in the eyes, which necessitates the examination of its usage and effects.

The effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on axial length and choroidal thickness / Efeitos da acomodação farmacológica e da cicloplegia no comprimento axial e na espessura da coroide

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on ocular measurements. Methods: Thirty-three healthy subjects [mean (±SD) age, 32.97 (±5.21) years] volunteered to participate in the study. Measurement of the axial length, macular and choroidal thickness, refractive error, and corneal topography, as well as anterior segment imaging, were performed. After these procedures, pharmacological accommodation was induced by applying pilocarpine eye drops (pilocarpine hydrochloride 2%), and the measurements were repeated. The measurements were repeated again after full cycloplegia was induced using cyclopentolate eye drops (cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%). The correlations between the measurements were evaluated. Results: A significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness after applying 2% pilocarpine was identified (without the drops, 319.36 ± 90.08 µm; with pilocarpine instillation, 341.60 ± 99.19 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 318.36 ± 103.0 µm; p<0.001). A significant increase in the axial length was also detected (without the drops, 23.26 ± 0.83 mm; with pilocarpine instillation, 23.29 ± 0.84 mm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 23.27 ± 0.84 mm; p=0.003). Comparing pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia revealed a significant difference in central macular thickness (with pilocarpine instillation, 262.27 ± 19.34 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 265.93 ± 17.91 µm; p=0.016). Pilocarpine-related miosis (p<0.001) and myopic shift (p<0.001) were more severe in blue eyes vs. brown eyes. Conclusion: Pharmacological accommodation may change ocular measurements, such as choroidal thickness and axial length. This condition should be considered when performing ocular measurements, such as intraocular lens power calculations.(AU)

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da acomodação farmacológica e da cicloplegia nas medições oculares. Métodos: participaram do estudo 33 voluntários saudáveis (média de idade [± DP], 32,97 anos [± 5,21 anos]). Foram medidos o comprimento axial, a espessura macular e coroidal e o erro refrativo, bem como realizados exames de imagem da topografia corneana e do segmento anterior. Em seguida, foi induzida a acomodação farmacológica aplicando-se colírio de pilocarpina (cloridrato de pilocarpina a 2%) e as medições foram repetidas nos participantes. As mesmas medições foram repetidas depois de induzir a cicloplegia completa com colírio de ciclopentolato (cloridrato de ciclopentolato a 1%) e foram avaliadas as correlações entre as medidas. Resultados: Identificou-se aumento significativo da espessura coroidal subfoveal com o uso da pilocarpina a 2% (sem colírio, 319,36 ± 90,08 µm; com a instilação de pilocarpina, 341,60 ± 99,19 µm; com a instilação de ciclopentolato, 318,36 ± 103,0 µm; p<0,001). Detectou-se também aumento significativo do comprimento axial (sem colírio, 23,26 ± 0,83 mm; com a instilação de pilocarpina, 23,29 ± 0,84 mm; com a instilação de ciclopentolato, 23,27 ± 0,84 mm; p=0,003). Ao se comparar a acomodação farmacológica e a cicloplegia, houve diferença significativa na espessura macular central (com a instilação de pilocarpina, 262,27 ± 19,34 µm; com a instilação de ciclopentolato, 265,93 ± 17,91 µm; p=0,016). Observou-se que a miose associada à pilocarpina (p<0,001) e o desvio miópico (p<0,001) foram mais severos nos olhos azuis que nos castanhos. Conclusão: A acomodação farmacológica pode alterar medidas oculares como a espessura da coroide e o comprimento axial. Essa possibilidade deve ser levada em consideração ao se efetuarem medições oculares, tais como cálculos de potência de lentes intraoculares.(AU)

The effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on axial length and choroidal thickness.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on ocular measurements. METHODS: Thirty-three healthy subjects [mean (±SD) age, 32.97 (±5.21) years] volunteered to participate in the study. Measurement of the axial length, macular and choroidal thickness, refractive error, and corneal topography, as well as anterior segment imaging, were performed. After these procedures, pharmacological accommodation was induced by applying pilocarpine eye drops (pilocarpine hydrochloride 2%), and the measurements were repeated. The measurements were repeated again after full cycloplegia was induced using cyclopentolate eye drops (cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%). The correlations between the measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness after applying 2% pilocarpine was identified (without the drops, 319.36 ± 90.08 µm; with pilocarpine instillation, 341.60 ± 99.19 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 318.36 ± 103.0 µm; p<0.001). A significant increase in the axial length was also detected (without the drops, 23.26 ± 0.83 mm; with pilocarpine instillation, 23.29 ± 0.84 mm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 23.27 ± 0.84 mm; p=0.003). Comparing pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia revealed a significant difference in central macular thickness (with pilocarpine instillation, 262.27 ± 19.34 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 265.93 ± 17.91 µm; p=0.016). Pilocarpine-related miosis (p<0.001) and myopic shift (p<0.001) were more severe in blue eyes vs. brown eyes. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological accommodation may change ocular measurements, such as choroidal thickness and axial length. This condition should be considered when performing ocular measurements, such as intraocular lens power calculations.

How Does Light Intensity of the Recording Room Affect the Evaluation of Lens and Corneal Clarity by Scheimpflug Tomography?

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the light intensity of the recording room where eye examinations are conducted on the evaluation of lens and corneal clarity. METHOD: This cross-sectional and comparative study used 63 eyes of 32 participants. Corneal and lenticular optical densitometries, pachymetry, corneal volume, anterior segment volume, and anterior chamber depth measurements were taken with the Scheimpflug imaging system when the lights in the recording room were on (80 lux) and off (3 lux). The results were statistically compared. RESULTS: The mean lens density when the lights were on was 13.61 ± 2.03, whereas that when the lights were off was 8.48 ± 1.48 (P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean corneal density when the lights were on was 15.87 ± 1.36, whereas that when the lights were off was 11.13 ± 0.90 (P < 0.001). The pachymetry, corneal volume, anterior segment volume, and anterior chamber depth measurements did not differ under the different light conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The densitometry values increased with an increase in light intensity. This study revealed that the lens and corneal densitometry evaluations were significantly affected by the lighting in the recording room.

Evaluation of corneal layers and anterior sclera in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome / Avaliação das camadas da córnea e da esclera anterior na síndrome de Sjögren primária

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to compare the thickness of anterior sclera, corneal layers, and pre-ocular tear film between patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and healthy individuals. Methods: Fifty-one patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 41 healthy control participants were recruited in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The thickness of the pre-ocular tear film, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium were measured on the corneal apex. Anterior scleral thickness was measured at distances of 1 mm and 3 mm from the limbus. The anterior segment module of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure thicknesses of pre-ocular tear film, corneal layers, and anterior sclera. Results: Tear film thickness, Schirmer's test, and tear break up time values were significantly lower in the Sjögren's disease group than in the healthy controls (p<0.05). The thickness measurements of corneal layers and sclera were similar between the groups. Tear film thickness was moderately correlated with the Schirmer's test results (r=0.34, p=0.001), but there was no correlation between the Schirmer's test results and tear break up time (r=0.18, p=0.09). Conclusions: Pre-ocular tear film, as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, was thinner in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome than in the healthy controls. The thicknesses of corneal layers and anterior sclera were similar between the groups.

RESUMO Propósito: Nosso objetivo foi comparar a espessura da esclera anterior, camadas da córnea e do filme lacrimal pré-ocular entre pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária e indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Cinquenta e um pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária e 41 controles saudáveis foram recrutados neste estudo comparativo e transversal. A espessura do filme lacrimal pré-ocular, epitélio corneal, camada de Bowman, estroma, membrana de Descemet e endotélio foram medidos no ápice corneal. A espessura da esclera anterior foi medida às distâncias de 1 mm e 3 mm do limbo. O módulo do segmento anterior da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral foi utilizado para mensurar as espessuras do filme lacrimal pré-ocular, camadas da córnea e esclera anterior. Resultados: A espessura do filme lacrimal, o teste de Schirmer e os valores do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal foram significativamente menores no grupo com síndrome de Sjögren do que nos controles saudáveis (p<0,05). As medidas de espessura das camadas corneais e da esclera foram similares entre os grupos. A espessura do filme lacrimal foi moderadamente correlacionada com os resultados do teste de Schirmer (r=0,34, p=0,001), mas não houve correlação entre os resultados do teste de Schirmer e tempo de ruptura (r=0,18, p=0,09). Conclusões: O filme lacrimal pré-ocular, medido pela tomografia de coerência óptica de segmento anterior, foi mais fino em pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária do que nos controles saudáveis. As espessuras das camadas da córnea e da esclera anterior foram semelhantes entre os grupos.

Evaluation of corneal layers and anterior sclera in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the thickness of anterior sclera, corneal layers, and pre-ocular tear film between patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and healthy individuals. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 41 healthy control participants were recruited in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The thickness of the pre-ocular tear film, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium were measured on the corneal apex. Anterior scleral thickness was measured at distances of 1 mm and 3 mm from the limbus. The anterior segment module of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure thicknesses of pre-ocular tear film, corneal layers, and anterior sclera. RESULTS: Tear film thickness, Schirmer's test, and tear break up time values were significantly lower in the Sjögren's disease group than in the healthy controls (p<0.05). The thickness measurements of corneal layers and sclera were similar between the groups. Tear film thickness was moderately correlated with the Schirmer's test results (r=0.34, p=0.001), but there was no correlation between the Schirmer's test results and tear break up time (r=0.18, p=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-ocular tear film, as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, was thinner in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome than in the healthy controls. The thicknesses of corneal layers and anterior sclera were similar between the groups.

Correlations of Corneal Optical Densitometry, Endothelial Hexagonality Percentage, and Epithelium Thickness.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to examine the associations between the cornea morphological parameters, endothelial cell density, and anterior chamber measurements. METHODS: This observational study included 50 eyes of 50 healthy volunteers. The thicknesses of corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex, and pre-ocular tear film were measured by means of anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The keratometry (K), corneal volume (CV), corneal optical densitometry (COD), iridocorneal angle (ICA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) measurements were taken by the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging. The corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonality were measured by specular microscopy. RESULTS: The COD was only correlated with the thickness of Bowman's layer (r = -0.30, p = 0.035). The hexagonal endothelial cell percentage was correlated with the thickness of the pre-ocular tear film (r = -0.50, p < 0.001), ACD (r = 0.40, p = 0.004), and ACV (r = 0.34, p = 0.015). The corneal epithelium thickness was associated with the ACD (r = 0.30, p = 0.034), ACV (r = 0.34, p = 0.018), K-flat (r = -0.35, p = 0.013), and K-steep (r = -0.29, p = 0.038) readings. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior chamber morphological parameters (i.e., ACV, ACD) were significantly positively correlated with the hexagonal endothelial cell percentage and corneal epithelium thickness in healthy adults.

Posterior pole asymmetry analysis and retinal thickness measurements in young relatives of glaucoma patients.

The presence of a family history of glaucoma is a known risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in middle-aged and older individuals. In this study, our aim was to demonstrate possible early glaucomatous alterations in young first- and second-degree relatives of POAG patients by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A total of 104 participants (52 relatives of POAG patients and 52 healthy individuals) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were between 17 years and 45 years of age. All eyes underwent testing with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, hemifield macular thickness, macular ganglion cell complex thickness, posterior pole asymmetry analysis, and retinal arteriolar caliber measurements were taken for comparison between the study and control groups. The mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 104.9 ± 8.8 µm in the study group and 105.6 ± 7.4 µm in the control group (p = 0.68). Although whole macular thickness measurements were higher in the control group when compared with the study group (p = 0.008), the macular ganglion cell complex thickness was similar in both groups (p = 0.87). The posterior pole asymmetry analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups in the aspect of consecutive black squares (p = 0.79). The mean retinal arteriolar caliber was 85.9 ± 4.8 µm in the study group and 86.0 ± 5.0 µm in the control group (p = 0.90). In conclusion, young relatives of POAG patients do not show characteristic glaucomatous damage when compared with the controls.