2D Silver-Nanoplatelets Metasurface for Bright Directional Photoluminescence, Designed with the Local Kirchhoff's Law.

Semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals are excellent light emitters in terms of efficiency and spectral control. They can be integrated with a metasurface to make ultrathin photoluminescent devices with a reduced amount of active material and perform complex functionalities such as beam shaping or polarization control. To design such a metasurface, a quantitative model of the emitted power is needed. Here, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a ∼300 nm thick light-emitting device combining a plasmonic metasurface with an ensemble of nanoplatelets. The source has been designed with a methodology based on a local form of Kirchhoff's law. The source displays record high directionality and absorptivity.

Inborn errors of type I interferon immunity in patients with symptomatic acute hepatitis E.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The clinical spectrum of human infection by HEV ranges from asymptomatic to severe acute hepatitis. Furthermore, HEV can cause diverse neurological manifestations, especially Parsonage-Turner syndrome. Here, we used a large-scale human genomic approach to search for genetic determinants of severe clinical presentations of HEV infection. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We performed whole genome sequencing in 3 groups of study participants with PCR-proven acute HEV infection: (1) 24 patients with symptomatic acute hepatitis E; (2) 12 patients with HEV-associated Parsonage-Turner syndrome; and (3) 16 asymptomatic blood donors (controls). For variant calling and annotation, we used GATK4 best practices followed by Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) and Annovar. For variant classification, we implemented the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology Bayesian classification framework in R. Variants with a probability of pathogenicity >0.9 were considered damaging. We used all genes with at least 1 damaging variant as input for pathway enrichment analyses.We observed a significant enrichment of type I interferon response pathways in the symptomatic hepatitis group: 10 out of 24 patients carried a damaging variant in one of 9 genes encoding either intracellular viral sensors ( IFIH1 , DDX58 , TLR3 , POLR3B , POLR3C ) or other molecules involved in type I interferon response [interferon regulatory factor 7 ( IRF7 ), MYD88 , OAS3 , GAPDH ]. We did not find any enriched pathway in the Parsonage-Turner syndrome group or in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the essential role of type I interferon in preventing symptomatic acute hepatitis E.

Controlling light emission by a thermalized ensemble of colloidal quantum dots with a metasurface.

We report an experimental and theoretical study of light emission by a patterned ensemble of colloidal quantum dots (cQDs). This system modifies drastically the emission spectrum and polarization as compared to a planar layer of cQDs. It exhibits bright, directional and polarized emission including a degree of circular polarization in some directions. We introduce a model of light emission based on a local Kirchhoff law which reproduces accurately all the features of the experiment. The model provides a figure of merit to assess quantitatively the emitted power. This work paves the way to the systematic design of efficient ultrathin light emitting metasurfaces with controlled polarization, spectrum and directivity.