[Elimination of anatomical and esthetic lesions in patients with rough infected defects of tissue].

The reconstructive plastic operations were made in 217 patients with infected tissue defects with continuous regional infusions or with a simultaneous sanitizing operation, or within 7-15 days. Skin plasty, catheterization of the main artery (210), secondary surgical treatment and sequest-necrectomy (185), osteosynthesis (106), bone plasty (69) and others (1118 operations in all) were carried on in all the patients, i.e. 5.1 operations per each patient with artery catheterization taken into account. The method of plastic replacement was chosen individually depending on localization, depth and spread of the defect. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients with no esthetic impairments.

[The diagnosis of motor disorders of the small intestine in peritonitis in children and the rationale for pathogenetic methods of correction]. / Diagnostika dvigatel'nykh narushenii tonkoi kishki pri peritonite u detei i obosnovanie patogeneticheskikh metodov korrektsii.

The work deals with the results of experimental (200 animals) and clinical (20 patients) study into the role of the efferent link of the autonomic nervous system in regulating motor activity of the small intestine and the possibility of using direct electroenteromyography in the diagnosis of the stages of paresis and the degree of motor disorders in peritonitis. The pathogenetic methods of treatment of intestinal paresis are substantiated. Medicamentous stimulation of the cholinergic nervous system in peritonitis is effective only when intactness of the intramural ganglia is maintained, in which case the electroenteromyographic test with neostigmine methylsulfate or cerucal may be conducted. The pathogenetic method of treatment in all other cases is medicamentous blockade of the adrenergic nervous system.

[The myoarchitectonics of the human gastric cardia]. / Mioarkhitektonika kardii zheludka cheloveka.

Anatomical investigations of the muscular layer of the cardia in corpses of adults (30-70 years of age) have shown the presence in the cardia of a 25-35 mm long sphincter disposed at an angle to the horizontal plane. Its formation proceeds with the participation of both the esophageal musculature (circular layer) and gastric musculature (gastro-esophageal fibers of the oblique muscular layer). As a whole, myo-architectonics of the cardia is dependent on the character of interrelation of the muscular layers of the esophagus and stomach which is responsible for the opening and closure of the gastro-esophageal junction.

[Clinical aspects of anatomy of the nervous apparatus of the pharyngoesophageal junction]. / Klinicheskie aspekty anatomii nervnogo apparata glotochno-pishchevodnogo perekhoda.

By examining extraorgan innervation of the pharyngeal-esophageal junction of adult cadavers, it was found that the risk of injury of the superior laryngeal nerve and its branches was very high during larynx resection and extirpation, lateral pharyngotomy, thyroid gland resection according to the method of A.V. Martynov, and Crile's operation. Esophageal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or the inferior laryngeal nerve can be damaged during larynx extirpation or strumectomy according to the method of O. V. Nikolaev. The nervous apparatus of the pharyngeal-esophageal junction consists of nerve bundles located in the adventitia, muscular layer, and submucous base.

[The morphology of the cardia and the pylorus in the Chiroptera]. / Morfologiia kardii i privratnika u rukokrylykh.

Organ complexes of bats (Nyctalis noctula), consisting of oesophagus, stomach and initial part of the small intestine have been subjected to histological and morphometrical investigation. As demonstrates the histological investigation of the preparations, the denticulate line of the mucous membrane of the oesophageal-gastric passage is displaced towards the stomach. In the cardia a well manifested internal sphincter has been revealed. In the place, where the stomach passes into the small intestine, on a small area of the submucosal tela of the intestine, there is an accumulation of secretory parts of the duodenal glands. They form a glandular torulus, which narrows the transitional zone lumen. A peculiarity of the bat pylorus is absence of an anatomical sphincter in it.

[Structural and functional organization of the upper esophageal sphincter]. / Strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia verkhnego pishchevodnogo sfinktera.

Using traditional anatomical and histological methods, the muscle envelope of the pharynx-esophagus junction was investigated in humans and dogs. In the upper (cranial) portion of the esophagus of man and dogs, an inferior anatomical sphincter was detected which histologically can be referred to the group of rhabdo-sphincters. The upper esophageal sphincter is a purely esophageal structure which in man is located at a distance of 25-30 cm from the maxillary incisors. In adult humans, it is 25-30 mm long and is situated obliquely to the long esophageal axis. The posterior semicircle of the sphincter is located higher than the anterior one. In the area of the upper esophageal sphincter the esophageal wall is of different thickness. Due to the muscle envelope and submucous membrane of the base, the right wall is 1.7-2.0 times thicker than the left, anterior or posterior wall. The data obtained from fiber esophagoscopy of patients and electromyography of the pharynx-esophagus junction of dogs have shown that the upper (cranial) esophageal sphincter control food passage from the pharynx to the esophagus and prevents food reflux to the laryngopharynx, protecting airways from aspiration.

[Surgical anatomy of the gastroduodenal junction]. / Khirurgicheskaia anatomiia gastroduodenal'nogo perekhoda.

The structure of the gastroduodenal passage from the surgical viewpoint was studied in 50 preparations taken from corpses of people from neonatal age to 80 years. There is a well pronounced layer of the connective tissue on the border between the stomach and duodenum which may be of significance for pathogenesis of traumatic abruption of the duodenum from the stomach. The pyloric sphincter is characterized by asymmetry of the wall thickness and oblique disposition. The pylorus canal lumen after Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty became about 7.7 times larger, that after Jadd-Tanaka was 2.6 times larger.

[Functional morphology of the cricopharyngeal muscle]. / Funktsional'naia morfologiia perstneglotochnoi myshtsy.

In the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior constrictor in the human and canine pharynx, there is a group of odd muscle fibers (transversal portion), which contracts at every phase of sigh. Registration of mechanical and electrical activity of the transversal portion of the canine cricopharyngeal muscle in chronic experiments demonstrates an important role of this structure to prevent from getting an excessive amount of air into the digestive tract at a sigh.