A Clinicopathological Study of Various Oral Cancer Diagnostic Techniques.

Oral cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignant tumors in the head and neck regions with high incident rate and mortality rate in the developed countries than in the developing countries. Generally, the survival rate of cancer patients may increase when diagnosed at early stage, followed by prompt treatment and therapy. Recently, cancer diagnosis and therapy design for a specific cancer patient have been performed with the advanced computer-aided techniques. The responses of the cancer therapy could be continuously monitored to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment process that hardly requires diagnostic result as quick as possible to improve the quality and patient care. This paper gives an overview of oral cancer occurrence, different types, and various diagnostic techniques. In addition, a brief introduction is given to various stages of immunoanalysis including tissue image preparation, whole slide imaging, and microscopic image analysis.

Maternal Risk Factors and Periodontal Disease: A Cross-sectional Study among Postpartum Mothers in Tamil Nadu.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: It is inconclusive that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm and/or low birth weight babies. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. After prior informed consent, 3500 postpartum mothers were selected from various hospitals in Tamil Nadu and categorized into the following groups: group-1 - Normal term normal birth weight (n = 1100); Group-2 - Preterm normal birth weight (n = 400); Group-3 - preterm low birth weight (PTLBW) (n = 1000); and Group-4 - Normal term low birth weight (n = 1000). Periodontal examination was done, and risk factors were ascertained by means of questionnaire and medical records. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparison between case groups and control groups were done, odds ratio (OR) was calculated, and statistical significance were assessed by Chi-square tests. To control for the possible confounders, all variables with P < 0.05 were selected and entered into multivariate regression model, and OR and 95% confidence limits were again estimated. SPSS-15 software was used. RESULTS: Periodontitis was diagnosed in 54.8%, 52.3%, 53.8%, 59.4%, respectively. On comparison between the groups, none of periodontal parameters showed significant association except for the crude association observed in Group-4 for mild periodontitis (OR - 1.561; P = 0.000) and PTLBW. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis is not a significant independent risk factor, and obstetric factors contribute a major risk for preterm and/or low birth weight babies.

Pterygoid Implant for Atrophic Posterior Maxilla.

Replacement of missing teeth in the posterior maxilla is always a challenge for the treating implant surgeon as the posterior maxilla has several obstacles in the form of quality, quantity, the anatomy of the maxillary sinus, and inaccessibility. To overcome these deficiencies, several surgical procedures such as sinus lift, bone augmentation, tilted implants, short implants, and zygomatic implants were tried. Since these procedures have their own limitations, pterygomaxillary region provides us an excellent place for placement of implant and rehabilitation of posterior maxilla. This case report describes the usage of the pterygomaxillary region for placement of the implant to restore atrophic posterior maxilla, without any additional surgical procedures.

Rehabilitation of Anterior Maxilla with Dental Implants in Periodontally Compromised Patient.

Although implant is the treatment of choice for rehabilitation of patients with aggressive periodontitis, it is also challenging for the dentists. There are various views about success of implant therapy for these patients. Few authors have proposed that aggressive periodontitis patients have less success rate of implant survival, while many authors have shown successful management of aggressive periodontitis patients with implants. For implants to be successful in these patient, it is important to control the periodontal disease before placement of implants. Thus a multidisciplinary approach is essential for successful rehabilitation of these patients. This case report aims at discussing the periodontal management and implant rehabilitation in a patient with aggressive periodontitis.

Esthetic Management of Compromised Ridge in the Anterior Maxilla, a Modified Prosthetic Approach.

Replacing a missing tooth with an implant, especially in the esthetic zone has been increasing demand for the patient. Placing dental implants in the esthetic zone, especially in the compromised ridge with thin gingival thin biotype is considered to be the ultimate challenge for many dentists. This case report illustrates the implant placement in the traumatic anterior maxilla with thin gingival biotype (Class IV) and a modified approach in prosthetic placement.

Management of gingival recession with acellular dermal matrix graft: A clinical study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Obtaining root coverage has become an important part of periodontal therapy. The aims of this studyare to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acellular dermal matrix graft in the coverage of denuded roots and also to examine the change in the width of keratinized gingiva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 sites with more than or equal to 2 mm of recession depth were taken into the study, for treatment with acellular dermal matrix graft. The clinical parameters such as recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized gingiva, probing pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at the baseline, 8th week, and at the end of the study (16th week). The defects were treated with a coronally positioned pedicle graft combined with acellular dermal matrix graft. RESULTS: Out of 20 sites treated with acellular dermal matrix graft, seven sites showed complete root coverage (100%), and the mean root coverage obtained was 73.39%. There was a statistically significant reduction in recession depth, recession width, and probing PD. There was also a statistically significant increase in width of keratinized gingiva and also gain in CAL. The postoperative results were both clinically and statistically significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study were esthetically acceptable to the patients and clinically acceptable in all cases. From this study, it may be concluded that acellular dermal matrix graft is an excellent substitute for autogenous graft in coverage of denuded roots.

Chlorhexidine varnish implemented treatment strategy for chronic periodontitis: A clinical and microbial study.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term clinical and microbiological effect of chlorhexidine varnish when used as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split-mouth design was conducted in 11 patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. The control site underwent scaling and root planing, and the experimental site was additionally treated with chlorhexidine varnish application. Clinical parameters, namely, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Furthermore, microbial examination of the plaque samples was done at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. RESULTS: Both treatment strategies showed significant improvement in GI, PI, BoP, PPD, and clinical attachment level, at both follow-up visits by comparison with baseline levels. At study termination, chlorhexidine varnish implemented treatment strategy resulted in additional improvement in the clinical parameters, and more reduction in the total anaerobic count at 1 month and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a chlorhexidine varnish implemented treatment strategy along with scaling and root planing may improve the clinical outcome for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in comparison to scaling and root planing alone.

Massive expanding hematoma of the chin following blunt trauma.

Posttraumatic hematoma of the face is common and usually self-limiting in nature. We report an unusual massive expanding hematoma of the chin within 9 h following a blunt trauma with no associated injuries or fracture.

Peri-implant soft tissue management: A case report (2 years follow-up) (Patrick Palacci technique revisited).

Peri-implant plastic surgery aims at improving the esthetic aspects of smile and masticatory function. Over the years, several techniques such as tissue punch technique, full thickness flaps, and scalloping adjustment of flaps around implants have been employed; it was very difficult to achieve a papilla like formation around implants. These added time and expense of the final results and led to undesirable complications. In order to overcome these difficulties, this case report describes a surgical technique where in papilla like formation and increase in width of attached gingiva around implants can be achieved with a single surgical procedure.

Interdental papilla regeneration around implants: A novel window technique (2 years follow-up).

Reconstructing predictable and esthetic papilla is the most complex and challenging aspect of implant dentistry. To obtain an esthetic and predictable gingival architecture and implant restoration, interdental papilla plays an important role. The main objective of the surgeon during the second stage of implant treatment should be the creation of interdental papilla prior to prosthetic restoration. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate a novel window technique for developing predictable and esthetic papilla around dental implants, which was followed for 2 years with excellent esthetic results.

Recovery of severe motor deficit secondary to herniated lumbar disc prolapse: is surgical intervention important? A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The natural history of motor deficit due to lumbar disc herniation has been thought to be favourable. However, on closer analysis of seminal articles on this topic, this is not the case for patients with severe motor deficits (MRC grade ≤3). The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: (1) Is surgical intervention beneficial in patients with severe motor weakness (defined by MRC grade of 3 or less) due to herniated lumbar nucleus pulposus? (2) Does time to surgery from onset of motor weakness influence the outcome? (3) Are there any other prognostic factors? MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1970 upto July 2013. Inclusion criteria for studies are: (1) minimum of three patients aged 18 and older, who had symptomatic herniated lumbar disc prolapse and underwent surgery, (2) description of pre and post-operative muscle weakness utilising the Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle power grade or equivalent, such that both reviewers could confidently identify a cohort of patients with at least grade three motor weakness or worse, (3) a minimum of 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified with a total of 354 patients. Complete recovery was seen in 38.4% of patients following surgery and 32% following non-operative treatment. Age and grade of motor deficit were identified as significant prognostic factors in some of the studies. CONCLUSION: The current available evidence is not robust enough to address the questions posed. We have proposed a framework for future studies.