Evaluación de la actividad inmunomoduladora de extractos metanólicos y de alcaloides de Berberis darwinii H. (Berberidaceae) / Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extracts and alkaloids of Berberis darwinii H. (Berberidaceae)

Berberis darwinii Hook es una especie que habita el sur de Chile y la Patagonia, utilizada por la etnia mapuche para el tratamiento de procesos inflamatorios, estados febriles y dolor de estomacal. El propósito del siguiente estudio fue evaluar in vitro las propiedades del extracto total y de alcaloides de raíz de B. darwinii sobre viabilidad celular y la translocación del factor nuclear NF-kB en línea celular RAW 264.7. Se observó que los extractos no afectan negativamente la viabilidad en las células e inhibieron la translocación del factor nuclear NF-kB asociado a la modulación de la inflamación solo frente al extracto total. Estos resultados indicarían que B. darwinii podría inhibir algunos mecanismos específicos de la defensa celular al modular la translocación de NF- kB.

Berberis darwinii Hook is a species that inhabits southern Chile and Patagonia, used by the Mapuche ethnic group for the treatment of inflammatory processes, febrile states and stomach pain. The purpose of the following study was to evaluate in vitro the properties of the total extract and alkaloids of the root of B. darwinii on cell viability and the translocation of the nuclear factor NF-kB in cell line RAW 264.7. It was observed that the extracts did not negatively affect the viability in the cells and inhibited the translocation of the nuclear factor NF-kB associated with the modulation of inflammation only against the total extract. These results indicate that B. darwinii could inhibit some specific mechanisms of cell defense by modulating the translocation of NF-kB.

Evaluación de la actividad anti-inflamatoria de propóleos chileno sobre cortes histológicos de orejas de ratón / Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Chilean propolis on histological sections of mouse ears

RESUMEN: El propóleos es un producto resinoso complejo producido por las abejas Apis mellifera, el cual posee diversas actividades biológicas como inmunomodulador, antiinflamatorio, anticancerígeno, antiviral, antibacteriano, antioxidante, entre otros. El propósito del siguiente estudio fue realizar una evaluación in vivo de las propiedades antiinflamatorias de un extracto de propóleos chileno, sobre el modelo de edema auricular inducido por 13-acetato-12-O-tetradecanoilforbol (TPA) en pabellón auricular de ratón, para posterior evaluación y análisis histológico. El extracto de propóleos chileno (EEP) utilizado se obtuvo a partir de un macerado etanólico, rotaevaporado y liofilizado. Se observó que el EEP disminuyó el edema y el infiltrado inflamatorio de forma significativa. Estos resultados sugieren que el extracto etanólico de propóleos chileno posee potenciales efectos antiinflamatorios o moduladores del sistema inmunológico en edema auricular.

SUMMARY: Propolis is a complex resinous product produced by bees Apis mellifera, which has a number of biological activities such as an immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, among others. The purpose of the following study was to perform an in vivo evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of a Chilean propolis extract, on the model of atrial edema induced 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13- acetate (TPA) in the mouse auricular pavilion, for later evaluation and histological analysis. The Chilean propolis extract (EPP) used was obtained from an ethanolic, rotaevaporated and lyophilized macerate. It was observed that the EPP significantly decreased edema and inflammatory infiltrate. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Chilean propolis possesses potential anti-inflammatory or modulatory effects of the immune system in atrial edema.

[Intima-media thickness in obese adolescents and their relation with metabolic syndrome]. / Grosor de la íntima-media de la arteria carótida en adolescentes obesos y su relación con el síndrome metabólico.

INTRODUCTION: Obese adolescents have higher cardiovascular risk (CVR). Intima-media thickness (IMT) detects early arterial vascular compromise. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether obese adolescents have higher vascular compromise measured by IMT than nonobese adolescents, and if this is greater in those with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHOD: The study group (SG), obese children (BMI/age > p95), with and without MS and control group (CG), non-obese (BMI/age p10-85) and non nutritional or endocrine disease. We measured serum lipids, oral glucose tolerance test with insulin and carotid artery ultrasound. To evaluate the differences between test groups we used parametric and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: We evaluated 45 obese adolescents (20 women), 19 with MS, age 13 (9-16) years and 18 controls (14 women), aged 13 (11-16) years. IMT of carotid bulb and internal carotid artery (ICA) were significantly higher in SG than CG (0.54 vs. 0.34, 0.34 vs. 0.25, p < 0.05). There was no difference between obese groups. IMT of ICA and bulb correlated positively with BMIz (r = 0.3 and 0.6, p < 0.05) and with waist circumference (CC) (r = 0.3 and 0.55, p < 0, 05). IMT of ICA was positively correlated with fasting insulin, HOMA and systolic blood pressure. In multivariate analysis only BMI and CC were associated independently to IMT. CONCLUSION: Obesity is an early risk factor for cardiovascular damage measured by IMT and IMT of ICA demonstrated a higher correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.

Grosor de la íntima-media de la arteria carótida en adolescentes obesos y su relación con el síndrome metabólico / Intima-media thickness in obese adolescents and their relation with metabolic syndrome

Introducción: Los adolescentes obesos presentan mayor riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). La medición del grosor de la intima-media (GIM) arterial detecta tempranamente el compromiso vascular. Objetivo: Evaluar si los adolescentes obesos tienen mayor compromiso vascular medido por GIM que los adolescentes no obesos, y si este es mayor en aquellos con síndrome metabólico (SM). Metodología: Grupo estudio (GE), niños obesos, IMC/edad > p95, con y sin SM y grupo control, IMC/edadp10-85, sin patología nutricional ni endocrina. Se midieron concentraciones séricas de lípidos, prueba tolerancia oral a glucosa con insulinemia y ecografía de arteria carótida. Para evaluar diferencia entre grupos se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 45 adolescentes obesos (20mujeres), 19 con SM, edad 13 (9-16) años y 18 controles (14 mujeres), edad 13 (11-16) años. GIM del bulbo carotideo y de la arteria carótida interna (ACI) fueron significativamente mayores en GE que grupo control (0,54 vs 0,34; 0,34 vs 0,25, p < 0,05). No hubo diferencia entre grupos de obesos. GIM de bulbo y de ACI se correlacionaron positivamente con zIMC (r = 0,3 y 0,6; p < 0,05) y circunferencia de cintura (CC) (r = 0,3 y 0,55; p < 0,05). GIM deACI se correlacionó positivamente con insulinemia en ayunas, HOMA y presión arterial sistólica. En el análisis multivariado solo el IMC y CC se asociaron independientemente al GIM. Conclusión: La obesidad es un factor de riesgo temprano de daño cardiovascular medido por GIM y el GIM de la ACI demostró tener mayor correlación con los factores de RCV (AU)

Introduction: Obese adolescents have higher cardiovascular risk (CVR). Intima-media thickness (IMT)detects early arterial vascular compromise. Objective: To evaluate whether obese adolescents have higher vascular compromise measured by IMT than non obese adolescents, and if this is greater in those with metabolic syndrome (MS). Method: The study group (SG), obese children (BMI/age > p95), with and without MS and control group (CG),non-obese (BMI/age p10-85) and non nutritional or endocrine disease. We measured serum lipids, oral glucose tolerance test with insulin and carotid artery ultrasound. To evaluate the differences between test groups we used parametric and nonparametric statistics. Results: We evaluated 45 obese adolescents (20women), 19 with MS, age 13 (9-16) years and 18 controls(14 women), aged 13 (11-16) years. IMT of carotid bulb and internal carotid artery (ICA) were significantly higher in SG than CG (0.54 vs. 0.34, 0.34 vs. 0.25, p <0.05). There was no difference between obese groups.IMT of ICA and bulb correlated positively with BMIz (r =0.3 and 0.6, p < 0.05) and with waist circumference (CC)(r = 0.3 and 0.55, p < 0, 05). IMT of ICA was positively correlated with fasting insulin, HOMA and systolic blood pressure. In multivariate analysis only BMI and CC were associated independently to IMT. Conclusion: Obesity is an early risk factor for cardiovascular damage measured by IMT and IMT of ICA demonstrated a higher correlation with cardiovascular risk factors (AU)

[Congenital short urethra: surgical treatment]. / Uretra corta congénita: tratamiento quirúrgico.

Presentation of 6 cases of congenitally short urethra seen in our Unit. The rarity of such malformation, as well as the difficulties to arrive to a presurgical diagnosis are emphasized. Also, review of surgical techniques described in the literature. Contribution of our experience in the use of the urethra's dissecting and elevating technique. We considered this the choice procedure except in extreme cases due to the good results obtained, fewer technical difficulties and lower risk of complications.

Effects of the posterior hypophysis and ovary on pheromonal production in normal females and in the reproductive behavior of male rats treated with D,L-propranolol.

Posterior hypophysis homogenates of female rats stimulated with epinephrine subcutaneously contain a pheromonal factor that increments significantly the incidence of fertile coitus after having been placed in the oronasal groove of rats in proestro (69.2% fertile coitus vs. 36.6% of control). These same homogenates obtained from spayed rats increment reproductive activity even more (80.0% fertile coitus). The homogenates do not act by an intraperitoneal route. Male rats under the effect of high doses of D,L-propranolol reduce reproductive activity (21.2% fertile coitus). This effect is counteracted by posterior hypophysis homogenates from female rats stimulated with epinephrine, placed in the oronasal groove (72.2% fertile coitus). The homogenates of anterior hypophysis do not increase the reproductive capacity of rats in proestro, and do not modify the propranolol effects in male rats.

Neumopatia recidivante por reflujo gastro-esofagico. Procedimientos diagnosticos. / Recurrent pneumopathy by gastroesophageal reflux.Diagnostic procedures

A proposito de un caso de bronquitis y neumopatia recidivante por reflujo gastro-esofagico, se analiza la fisiopatologia del mismo haciendose enfasis en la competencia del esfinter esofagico inferior. Se utilizan en el diagnostico nuevos metodos de exploracion: manometria gastro-esofagica, endoscopia y biopsia esofagica y laringea. Se hacen consideraciones sobre la terapeutica medica y quirurgica