Estatus epiléptico: seguimiento e individualización farmacoterapéutica / Status epilepticus: follow-up and pharmacotherapy individualization

El estatus epiléptico superrefractario es un cuadro muy grave que pone en riesgo la vida de los pacientes. En este sentido, la monitorización rigurosa de los antiepilépticos es clave para un desenlace favorable. La excepcionalidad del caso presentado radica en la superrefractariedad del cuadro, que dificultó su manejo terapéutico y requirió un elevado grado de implicación del farmacéutico hospitalario en el seno de un equipo multidisciplinar. (AU)

Super-refractory epileptic status is a really serious and life-threatening condition. In this sense, rigorous monitoring of antiepileptic drugs is key to a favourable outcome. The exceptionality of the case presented lies in the super-refractoriness of the clinical profile, which made its therapeutic management difficult and required a high degree of involvement of the pharmacist’s hospital within a multidisciplinary team. (AU)

Does Whole-Blood Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Stratify Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients?

PURPOSE: To analyse the capacity of whole-blood NGAL (wbNGAL) to stratify AKI in critically ill patients with and without sepsis. METHODS: Whole-blood NGAL was measured with a point-of-care device at admission and 48 hours later in patients admitted to a general ICU. Patients were classified by the AKIN and KDIGO classifications at admission and 24 and 48 hours. We performed an ROC curve analysis. wbNGAL values at admission were compared in patients with sepsis and septic shock. RESULTS: The study included 100 consecutively admitted patients (40 female) with mean age 59.1 ± 17.8 years. Thirty-three patients presented AKI at admission, and 10 more developed it in the next 48 h. Eighteen patients had AKI stage 3, 14 of them at admission. Nine patients required renal replacement therapy. According to KDIGO at admission, wbNGAL values were 78 µg/L (60-187) in stage 0 (n = 67), 263 µg/L (89-314) in stage 1 (n = 8), 484 µg/L (333-708) in stage 2 (n = 11), and 623 µg/L (231-911) in stage 3 (n = 14), p = 0.0001 for trend. Ten patients did not complete 48 hours of study: 6 of 10 were discharged (initial wbNGAL 130 µg/L (60-514)) and 4 died (773 µg/L (311-1010)). The AUROC curve of wbNGAL to predict AKI was 0.838 (95% confidence interval 0.76-0.92, p = 0.0001), with optimal cut-off value of 178 µg/L (sensitivity 76.7%, specificity 78.9%, p < 0.0001). At admission, twenty-nine patients had sepsis, of whom 20 were in septic shock. wbNGAL concentrations were 81 µg/L (60-187) in patients without sepsis, 481 (247-687) in those with sepsis, and 623.5 µg/L (361-798) in the subgroup of septic shock (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Whole-blood NGAL concentration at ICU admission was a good stratifier of AKI in critically ill patients. However, wbNGAL concentrations were higher in septic patients irrespective of AKI occurrence.

Sepsis por instilación de bacilo de Calmette-Guerin / Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Instillation-induced sepsis

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