Aqueous Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers extract attenuates allergen-induced asthma in a mouse model via an antioxidant mechanism.

Objective:Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers (Bignoniaceae) is a perennial invasive vine, distributed worldwide. In folk medicine, its parts are used for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases. Extracts of P. venusta have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antinociceptive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) of P. venusta in the treatment of asthma in an animal model.Methods: Balb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally (ip), one week apart, and after one week, challenged with OVA intranasally on four alternate days. Mice were treated ip with 300 mg/kg of aqueous or hydroethanolic extracts for seven consecutive days. Control groups received saline on the same days. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, lung and airway inflammation, and antioxidant activity in lung tissue were assessed.Results: Treatment with aqueous extract significantly decreased bronchial hyperresponsiveness, measured by total and tissue resistance and elastance. The administration of hydroethanolic extract did not reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In addition, both extracts significantly reduced total cell and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage. Both extracts did not change significantly IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta levels. Of note, only the aqueous extract significantly increased the total antioxidant activity and reduced lung inflammation.Conclusion: Aqueous extract of P. venusta reduced bronchial hyperresponsiveness, lung and airway inflammation, probably via an antioxidant mechanism. These results demonstrate that P. venusta may have potential for asthma treatment.

Fatores relacionados à falha no desmame ventilatório em pósoperatóriode cirurgia cardíaca congênita

As cardiopatias congênitas são definidas como malformações cardíacas. Na maioriados casos, faz-se necessário o tratamento cirúrgico e geralmente, as crianças submetidas àscirurgias cardíacas vão para as unidades de terapia intensiva ainda em suporte ventilatóriomecânico. O desmame deve-se iniciar rapidamente e passado o efeito do anestésico e apósavaliação criteriosa é realizada a extubação, normalmente nas primeiras seis horas. Aretirada abrupta ou até mesmo inadequada da prótese ventilatória de pacientes que nãoapresentam condições de extubação pode resultar em desequilíbrio clínico e necessidade dereintubação, os quais podem repercutir na estabilidade clínica do paciente. Nota-seelevada taxa de mortalidade em pacientes que necessitaram reintubação após falha deextubação. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores relacionados à falha de desmame em pós-operatóriode cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica. Metodologia: revisão bibliográfica, realizado pesquisas nobanco de dados Portal da CAPES, PubMed, Scielo, priorizando artigos entre 1991 a 2012.Resultados: os fatores relacionados à falha de extubação em pós-operatório de cirurgiacardíaca foram: insuficiência cardíaca, uso de drogas inotrópicas em valores elevados, baixovalor de PaO2 antes da extubação, hipertensão pulmonar pré-operatória, presença desíndrome congênita, parada circulatória intra-operatória, idade, tempo de CEC, diasprolongados de VM, SpO2 reduzida, FiO2 elevada, volume minuto ≤ 1,7 mL/kg/min, PiMax ≤ -53 cmH2O, presença de atelectasia antes da extubação. Conclusão: os fatores relacionadoscom a falha no desmame em pós operatório de cirurgia cardíaca congênita são: complicaçõescardíacas e pulmonares; uso de drogas inotrópicas em valores elevados; presença desíndrome congênita, idade reduzida; tempo maior de CEC. A falha de extubação aumenta orisco de mortalidade dos pacientes e poucos estudos encontraram diferença nos modosventilatórios para realizar o desmame.

Congenital heart defects are defined as cardiac malformations. In most cases, it is necessarysurgical treatment and in most cases, the children undergoing cardiac surgery go to theintensive care units still on mechanical ventilatory support. Weaning should be started quicklyand passed the anesthetic and after careful evaluation is performed extubation, usually in thefirst six hours. Abrupt withdrawal or even inadequate ventilatory assistance for patients who donot have conditions may result in imbalance extubation and reintubation, which may impact onthe patient's clinical stability. Note high mortality in patients requiring reintubation afterextubation failure. Objective: To assess factors related to the failure of weaning inpostoperative pediatric cardiac surgery. Methodology: literature review, conducted research inthe database Portal CAPES, PubMed, SciELO, prioritizing articles from 1991 to 2012. Results:factors associated with extubation failure after cardiac surgery were heart failure, inotropicdrugs in high values, low values of PaO2 before extubation, preoperative pulmonaryhypertension, presence of congenital syndrome, circulatory arrest intra surgery, age, timecardiopulmonary bypass, days of prolonged VM, reduced SpO2, FiO2, minute volume ≤ 1.7 mL/ kg / min, MIP ≤ - 53 cmH2O, atelectasis before extubation. Conclusion: factors associatedwith weaning failure after congenital heart surgery are: cardiac and pulmonary complications,use of inotropic drugs in high values, presence of congenital syndrome, reduced age, long timeof cardiopulmonary bypass. The extubation failure increases the mortality risk of patients andfew studies have found differences in ventilation modes to perform weaning.