Evaluating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using ecological momentary assessment: a systematic review.

Ecological momentary assessment is an excellent tool for the measurement of different day-to-day domains in patients and capturing real-world and real-time data. The purpose of this review is to evaluate feasibility in current ecological momentary assessment studies on emotional and behavioral functioning, functional impairments, and quality of life patients with an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. This systematic review follows the recommendation of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines selecting articles published from January 1, 1990, up to the latest access on May 2018, identifying a pool of 23 eligible studies. Twenty-three studies demonstrate the validity of ecological momentary assessment methodology in evaluating different aspects of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Fifteen studies focus on the child's or adolescent's daily behavior, while eight studies only focus on adults. The studies presented in this review monitored patients and their families over a maximum period of 28 days. We can conclude that ecological momentary assessment can be successfully implemented with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients to evaluate diverse backgrounds. However, more studies are needed with a longer monitoring period, especially in adolescents, to determine the effectiveness of ecological momentary assessment on patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Ecological Momentary Assessment and Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents: a Systematic Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of the present review is to systematically examine published data regarding ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in children and adolescents with mood disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: EMA is increasingly used to collect participant's information in their real environment and in real time. There are multiple studies focused on the evaluation of mood disorders in children and adolescents, but only a few of them used EMA protocols. Results found in this review showed a wide variability of works with different fields of study, methodological approaches, and EMA protocols. More than 60% of EMA studies in children and adolescents with mood disorders were conducted via phone call, showing high completion rates with data missing in 5 to 11.5% of the calls. Length of studies varied from a 4-day EMA protocol to a maximum of 8 weeks. Positive and negative affect, daily activities, and social context were the main EMA measures. Despite the limited number of studies using EMA in children and adolescents with mood disorders, EMA was useful in assessing mood symptoms in the moment and in patients' real-life environment. Studies also showed high completion and satisfaction rates. Although web pages and apps use have been increasing over the past years, the evidence base is still scarce. Future studies can facilitate understanding of EMA methodology among youth with mood disorders.

Microsoft Kinect-based Continuous Performance Test: An Objective Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment.

BACKGROUND: One of the major challenges in mental medical care is finding out new instruments for an accurate and objective evaluation of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early ADHD identification, severity assessment, and prompt treatment are essential to avoid the negative effects associated with this mental condition. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to develop a novel ADHD assessment instrument based on Microsoft Kinect, which identifies ADHD cardinal symptoms in order to provide a more accurate evaluation. METHODS: A group of 30 children, aged 8-12 years (10.3 [SD 1.4]; male 70% [21/30]), who were referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit of the Department of Psychiatry at Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital (Madrid, Spain), were included in this study. Children were required to meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria of ADHD diagnosis. One of the parents or guardians of the children filled the Spanish version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) rating scale used in clinical practice. Each child conducted a Kinect-based continuous performance test (CPT) in which the reaction time (RT), the commission errors, and the time required to complete the reaction (CT) were calculated. The correlations of the 3 predictors, obtained using Kinect methodology, with respect to the scores of the SWAN scale were calculated. RESULTS: The RT achieved a correlation of -.11, -.29, and -.37 with respect to the inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity factors of the SWAN scale. The correlations of the commission error with respect to these 3 factors were -.03, .01, and .24, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show a relation between the Microsoft Kinect-based version of the CPT and ADHD symptomatology assessed through parental report. Results point out the importance of future research on the development of objective measures for the diagnosis of ADHD among children and adolescents.

Fluoxetine, topiramate, and combination of both to stabilize eating behavior before bariatric surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacotherapy for the management of obesity is primarily aimed at weight loss, weight loss maintenance and risk reduction (reduction in body fat, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the incidence of diabetes mellitus). Among drugs that have been evaluated for weight loss include antidepressants (fluoxetine) and antiepileptic (topiramate). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed eating behavior and weight loss in a sample of morbid obesity patients before bariatric surgery. The patients suffering eating disturbances symptoms were grouped into three groups: one group received 40 mg of flouxetine/day (Group A); another group received topiramate 200 mg/day (Group B); and the third group of patients were treated with fluoxetine 40 mg and 200 mg of topiramate/day (Group C). RESULTS: Patients treated with fluoxetine plus topiramate lost more weight at 3 and 6 months before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the psychopharmaceutical drug (fluoxetine and topiramate) in morbid obese patients with eating disorders could represent a new approach to the management of eating behavior before bariatric surgery.

Fluoxetina, topiramato y combinación de ambos en el control de la conducta alimentaria antes de la cirugía bariátrica / Fluoxetine, topiramate, and combination of both to stabilize eating behavior before bariatric surgery

Introducción. El tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad está dirigido principalmente a la pérdida de peso, mantenimiento de la pérdida de peso y la reducción del riesgo (reducción de la grasa corporal, factores de riesgo cardiovasculares y la incidencia de diabetes mellitus). Entre los fármacos que han sido evaluados para bajar de peso están los antidepresivos (fluoxetina) y antiepilépticos (topiramato). Material y Métodos. Se analiza la conducta alimentaria y la pérdida de peso en una muestra de pacientes con obesidad mórbida antes de la cirugía bariátrica. Aquellos pacientes que sufrían trastornos alimentarios se agruparon en tres grupos: un grupo recibió 40 mg de fluoxetina/día (Grupo A); topiramato 200 mg/día (Grupo B) y el otro fluoxetina 40 mg y 200 mg de topiramato (Grupo C). Resultados. Los pacientes tratados con fluoxetina más topiramato perdieron más peso a los 3 y 6 meses antes de la cirugía. Conclusiones. El uso de psicofármacos (fluoxetina y topiramato) en pacientes obesos mórbidos con trastornos de la alimentación puede representar una ayuda para el manejo de la conducta alimentaria antes de la cirugía bariátrica

Introduction. Pharmacotherapy for the management of obesity is primarily aimed at weight loss, weight loss maintenance and risk reduction (reduction in body fat, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the incidence of diabetes mellitus). Among drugs that have been evaluated for weight loss include antidepressants (fluoxetine) and antiepileptic (topiramate). Material and Methods. We analyzed eating behavior and weight loss in a sample of morbid obesity patients before bariatric surgery. The patients suffering eating disturbances symptoms were grouped into three groups: one group received 40 mg of flouxetine/day (Group A); another group received topiramate 200 mg/day (Group B); and the third group of patients were treated with fluoxetine 40 mg and 200 mg of topiramate/day (Group C). Results. Patients treated with fluoxetine plus topiramate lost more weight at 3 and 6 months before surgery. Conclusions. The use of the psychopharmaceutical drug (fluoxetine and topiramate) in morbid obese patients with eating disorders could represent a new approach to the management of eating behavior before bariatric surgery

Relación entre tabaco y sintomatología psicótica en paciente tratado con olanzapina oral. A propósito de un caso / Relationship between smoking and psychotic symptoms in a patient treated with oral olanzapine. A case report

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Concurrencia de múltiples factores en la aparición de arritmia ventricular en paciente en tratamiento con aripiprazol / Concurrence of multiples factors in the ocurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in patient treated with aripiprazole

Introducción. Importancia de los efectos cardiovasculares, fundamentalmente las arritmias ventriculares, producidos por los antipsicóticos. Caso clínico. Paciente de 28 años con obesidad mórbida, por la que fue intervenido obteniendo buenos resultados, sufre una taquicardia ventricular no sostenida polimórfica mientras realizaba tratamiento farmacológico con aripiprazol y fluoxetina. Conclusiones. Valorar la influencia de diversos factores en la producción de arritmias ventriculares, destacando fundamentalmente las interacciones de los antipsicóticos y la pérdida de peso (AU)

Introduction. The Importance of the cardiovascular effects, fundamentally the ventricular arrhythmias, produced by the antipsychotic ones, is discussed. Clinical case. 28 year old patient with morbid obesity, operated by bariatric surgery, with good result, suffers a ventricular no supported polymorphic tachycardia while he was heightening treatment with aripiprazole and fluoxetine. Conclusions. To value the influence of diverse factors for the production of ventricular arrhythmias emphasizing fundamentally the interactions of aripiprazole and the loss of weight (AU)

Concurrence of multiples factors in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in patient treated with aripiprazole.

INTRODUCTION: The Importance of the cardiovascular effects, fundamentally the ventricular arrhythmias, produced by the antipsychotic ones, is discussed. CLINICAL CASE: 28 year old patient with morbid obesity, operated by bariatric surgery, with good result, suffers a ventricular no supported polymorphic tachycardia while he was heightening treatment with aripiprazole and fluoxetine. CONCLUSIONS: To value the influence of diverse factors for the production of ventricular arrhythmias emphasizing fundamentally the interactions of aripiprazole and the loss of weight.