Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de los adolescentes de Cantabria / Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet of adolescents in Cantabria

Fundamentos: A pesar de los múltiples beneficios atribuidos a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM), diversos estudios han señalado una disminución en su seguimiento. Describir el grado de adherencia a la DM que presentan los adolescentes escolarizados en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Métodos: Estudio transversal que analiza una muestra de 1829 adolescentes, de entre 10 y 17 años, escolarizados en 37 centros de enseñanza públicos y concertados, mediante el test KidMed. Resultados: El 6% de los adolescentes mantiene una dieta de muy baja adhesión, el 42% una adhesión media y el 52 % goza de una alta adhesión a la dieta mediterránea. El porcentaje de mujeres que presenta una alta adhesión a la dieta mediterránea es más elevado que el de los varones (54% vs50%). No se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grado de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea entre sexos. La alta adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea disminuye notablemente a medida que la edad aumenta, principalmente en el paso de 10 y 11 años (57,7%)al tramo de 12 a 15 años (46,7%).Conclusiones: La mitad de los adolescentes mantienen una alta adherencia a la DM, que disminuye con el aumento de la edad, siendo especialmente significativa en el paso de los adolescentes de 10 y 11 años a los jóvenes de 12 a 15 años

Background: Despite the multiple benefits attributed to the Mediterranean Diet (DM), several studies have indicated a decrease in its follow-up. To describe the Adherence to DM, among primary and secondary education adolescents from Cantabria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, analysing a sample of 1,829 adolescents: 924 (50,5%) were women and 905 (49,5%) were men, aged 10 to 17, attending 37 different primary and secondary education centres, by means of KidMed questionnaire. Results:6% of adolescents maintain a very low adherence to Mediterranean Diet, 42% shows an average adherence, and 52% keep a high adherence. The percentage of women with a high adherence to Mediterranean Diet is higher than men (54 % vs 50 %). There arenot noticeably significant statistical differences of the Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet regarding gender. The high adherence to Mediterranean Diet decreases with age, especially from 10 -11 years to 12-15 years. Conclusions: Half of adolescents keep a high adherence to a Mediterranean Diet. Nevertheless, a major age related decline this high adherence, especially when the adolescents pass from 10-11 years old to 12-15 years old

Audio-visual perception system for a humanoid robotic head.

One of the main issues within the field of social robotics is to endow robots with the ability to direct attention to people with whom they are interacting. Different approaches follow bio-inspired mechanisms, merging audio and visual cues to localize a person using multiple sensors. However, most of these fusion mechanisms have been used in fixed systems, such as those used in video-conference rooms, and thus, they may incur difficulties when constrained to the sensors with which a robot can be equipped. Besides, within the scope of interactive autonomous robots, there is a lack in terms of evaluating the benefits of audio-visual attention mechanisms, compared to only audio or visual approaches, in real scenarios. Most of the tests conducted have been within controlled environments, at short distances and/or with off-line performance measurements. With the goal of demonstrating the benefit of fusing sensory information with a Bayes inference for interactive robotics, this paper presents a system for localizing a person by processing visual and audio data. Moreover, the performance of this system is evaluated and compared via considering the technical limitations of unimodal systems. The experiments show the promise of the proposed approach for the proactive detection and tracking of speakers in a human-robot interactive framework.

Análisis factorial de las puntuaciones del CADRI en adolescentes universitarios españoles / Factor Analysis of Scores CADRI in Spanish College Teenagers

El estudio de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja adolescentes suscita interés, si bien el número de instrumentos disponibles para tal fin es reducido. El objetivo del estudio es examinar la validez estructural del Conflict in Adoslescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI). En el estudio, participan 571 sujetos de nacionalidad española (171 hombres y 400 mujeres) de 17 a 21 años de edad (M = 18.76; DE = 1.204). Los resultados establecen un modelo de violencia sufrida y un modelo estructural de violencia cometida con valores de ajuste adecuados, saturaciones significativas e índices de consistencia interna elevados. Cada uno de los modelos propuestos está formado por cuatro factores: violencia física, violencia verbal, violencia relacional y estilo de solución de conflictos.

The study of adolescent relationship violence arouses vast interest but unfortunately the tools available for this purpose are limited. This study aims to verify the structural validity of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI). 571 Spaniards subjects (171 males and 400 females) aged 17 to 21 (M = 18.76; SD = 1.208) took part in the study. Results show a model for suffered violence and another structural one for committed violence, both revealing adequate fit indexes, significant saturations and high internal consistency indexes. Each one of the models proposed comprises four factors: physical violence, verbal violence, relational violence and style of conflict resolution.

Model-based reinforcement of Kinect depth data for human motion capture applications.

Motion capture systems have recently experienced a strong evolution. New cheap depth sensors and open source frameworks, such as OpenNI, allow for perceiving human motion on-line without using invasive systems. However, these proposals do not evaluate the validity of the obtained poses. This paper addresses this issue using a model-based pose generator to complement the OpenNI human tracker. The proposed system enforces kinematics constraints, eliminates odd poses and filters sensor noise, while learning the real dimensions of the performer's body. The system is composed by a PrimeSense sensor, an OpenNI tracker and a kinematics-based filter and has been extensively tested. Experiments show that the proposed system improves pure OpenNI results at a very low computational cost.

Myocardial perfusion imaging and cardiac involvement in the indeterminate phase of Chagas disease.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been used in the assessment of chagasic heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of gated-single photon emission computed tomography (gated-SPECT) MPI to detect early cardiac involvement in chagasic patients in the indeterminate phase, who present segmental motion abnormalities detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived strain. METHODS: Forty individuals (mean age: 25±2 years, 50% males) from an endemic area of Chagas disease and with positive serologic diagnosis, were included. All underwent gated-SPECT two-day (stress-rest) MPI and echocardiography. RESULTS: Thirty individuals (75%) showed a normal scan. In three cases (8%) the MPI was slightly abnormal, and in seven it was equivocal. In all cases with reversible defects, the affected segments were coincident with those with motion abnormalities. A post-stress left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction > 5% (ΔLVEF < -5%) was found in 11 out of 40 individuals (28%). Both the phase-derived standard deviation and the histogram bandwidth showed a significant difference between post-stress and rest. In both cases there was a slight dyssynchrony at rest which normalized at post-stress. CONCLUSIONS: A stress-rest gated-SPECT is a valid approach to detect early myocardial alterations, as well as intraventricular dyssynchrony in the indeterminate phase of Chagas disease in patients with segmental motion abnormalities previously detected by TDI-derived strain.

Cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e comprometimento cardíaco na fase indeterminada da doença de chagas / Myocardial perfusion imaging and cardiac involvement in the indeterminate phase of chagas disease

FUNDAMENTO: A cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica (CPM) tem sido utilizada na avaliação da cardiopatia chagásica. OBJETIVO: Investigar o valor da CPM com tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (gated-SPECT) para detectar comprometimento cardíaco precoce em pacientes chagásicos na fase indeterminada, que apresentam anomalias de movimento segmentar detectadas por exame de imagem por Doppler tecidual (IDT) strain derivada. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 40 indivíduos (idade média: 25 ± 2 anos, 50% homens) de uma área endêmica da doença de Chagas e com diagnóstico sorológico positivo. Todos foram submetidos à CPM com gated-SPECT de 2 dias (repouso e estresse) e ecocardiografia. RESULTADOS: Trinta indivíduos (75%) apresentaram resultados normais. Em três casos (8%), a CPM apresentou resultado ligeiramente anormal e em sete foi ambígua. Em todos os casos com defeitos reversíveis, os segmentos afetados foram coincidentes com aqueles com anomalias de movimento. Foi encontrada redução na fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE) > 5% (ΔLVEF% < -5) pós-estresse em 11 dos 40 indivíduos (28%). Tanto o desvio padrão fasederivado como a largura da banda do histograma mostraram diferença significativa entre o pós-estresse e a fase de repouso. Em ambos os casos, houve ligeira dessincronia em repouso normalizado no pós-estresse. CONCLUSÃO: Uma abordagem estresse-repouso com gated-SPECT é válida para detectar alterações miocárdicas precoces, bem como dessincronia intraventricular na fase indeterminada da doença de Chagas em pacientes com anomalias no movimento segmentar previamente detectadas pela IDT strain derivada.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been used in the assessment of chagasic heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of gated-single photon emission computed tomography (gated-SPECT) MPI to detect early cardiac involvement in chagasic patients in the indeterminate phase, who present segmental motion abnormalities detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived strain. METHODS: Forty individuals (mean age: 25±2 years, 50% males) from an endemic area of Chagas disease and with positive serologic diagnosis, were included. All underwent gated-SPECT two-day (stress-rest) MPI and echocardiography. RESULTS: Thirty individuals (75%) showed a normal scan. In three cases (8%) the MPI was slightly abnormal, and in seven it was equivocal. In all cases with reversible defects, the affected segments were coincident with those with motion abnormalities. A post-stress left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction > 5% (ΔLVEF < -5%) was found in 11 out of 40 individuals (28%). Both the phase-derived standard deviation and the histogram bandwidth showed a significant difference between post-stress and rest. In both cases there was a slight dyssynchrony at rest which normalized at post-stress. CONCLUSIONS: A stress-rest gated-SPECT is a valid approach to detect early myocardial alterations, as well as intraventricular dyssynchrony in the indeterminate phase of Chagas disease in patients with segmental motion abnormalities previously detected by TDI-derived strain.

Perceptual organization and artificial attention for visual landmarks detection.

In biological vision systems, attention mechanisms are responsible for selecting the relevant information from the sensed field of view, so that the complete scene can be analyzed using a sequence of rapid eye saccades. In recent years, efforts have been made to imitate such attention behavior in artificial vision systems, because it allows optimizing the computational resources as they can be focused on the processing of a set of selected regions. In the framework of mobile robotics navigation, this work proposes an artificial model where attention is deployed at the level of objects (visual landmarks) and where new processes for estimating bottom-up and top-down (target-based) saliency maps are employed. Bottom-up attention is implemented through a hierarchical process, whose final result is the perceptual grouping of the image content. The hierarchical grouping is applied using a Combinatorial Pyramid that represents each level of the hierarchy by a combinatorial map. The process takes into account both image regions (faces in the map) and edges (arcs in the map). Top-down attention searches for previously detected landmarks, enabling their re-detection when the robot presumes that it is revisiting a known location. Landmarks are described by a combinatorial submap; thus, this search is conducted through an error-tolerant submap isomorphism procedure.

Dual infection with dengue virus 3 and human immunodeficiency virus 1 in Havana, Cuba.

Although dengue virus (DEN) endemic regions overlap with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) high incidence areas, little has been documented on HIV and DEN mixed infection. Here we report DEN/HIV concurrent infections recorded during the DEN-3 epidemic in 2001-2002 in Havana. Serologic-confirmed DEN is described in two HIV-infected subjects with dengue fever symptoms. Although patients had dengue disease, the CD4+ cells remained within normal levels and no accelerated progression of HIV disease was observed. To our knowledge, DEN cases caused by DEN-3 in HIV-infected individuals have not been reported previously. Further research is needed to diagnose this likely underreported mixed viral infection in DEN endemic areas.