[Prevalence of hepatitis B infection and factors associated in children of Ivorian HBsAg carrier subjects]. / Prevalence de l'infection par l'hepatite virale B et facteurs associes chez les enfants des sujets Ivoiriens porteurs de L'AgHBs.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children (contact subjects) of chronic HBsAg (index subjects) and to investigate the factors associated with this infection in these children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: this was a retrospective cross-sectional study of HBsAg positive patients (index subjects), whose families (contact subjects: spouses and children) were routinely screened for HBV infection. RESULTS: The median age of our 44 subjects was 43.1 ± 7.49 years. The average number of children per index subject was 2.3 ± 1.1. The median age of the 92 children was 9.3± 4.55 (1 to 15 years) and 43 (44.8%) were vaccinated against HBV. The prevalence of HBV infection was 24%. The independent factors associated with HBV infection in children were HBV DNA for index subjects> 2000 IU/ml (OR = 11.5; p = 0.001), the existence of HBV in both parents (OR = 7.9; p = 0.03) and no HBV vaccination in children (OR = 30.9; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Immunization coverage of children of index subjects was insufficient. In addition to vertical transmission, the risk of intrafamilial transmission was high in the presence of at least one of the three associated factors.

OBJECTIFS: Déterminer la prévalence de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) chez les enfants (sujets contact) des sujets porteurs chroniques de l'Ag HBs (sujets index) et rechercher les facteurs associés à cette infection chez ces enfants. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: il s'est agi d'étude rétrospective transversale portant sur les patients positifs pour l'Ag HBs (sujets index), dont la famille (sujets contact: conjoints et enfants) a été soumise à un dépistage systématique de l'infection par le VHB. RÉSULTATS: L'âge médian de nos 44 sujets était de 43,1 ± 7,49 ans. Le nombre moyen d'enfants par sujet index était de 2,3 ± 1,1. L'âge médian des 92 enfants était de 9,3 ± 4,55 (de 1 à 15 ans) et 43 (44,8%) étaient vaccinés contre le VHB. La fréquence de l'infection par le VHB était de 24%. Les facteurs indépendants associés à l'infection par le VHB chez les enfants étaient l'ADN du VHB pour les sujets index> 2000 UI/ml (OR = 11,5; p = 0,001), l'existence du VHB chez les deux parents (OR = 7,9; p = 0,03) et l'absence de vaccination contre le VHB chez les enfants (OR = 30,9; p = 0,003). CONCLUSION: La couverture vaccinale des enfants des sujets index était insuffisante. Outre la transmission verticale, le risque de transmission intrafamiliale était élevé en présence d'au moins un des trois facteurs associés.

Aspects socio-économiques de la prise en charge des hépatites virales chroniques en Côte-d'Ivoire / Socio-economic aspects of the management of chronic viral hepatitis in Côte-d'Ivoire

Contexte et objectifs. Les hépatites virales chroniques constituent un problème de santé publique en Côte-d'Ivoire. Très peu de malades accèdent au traitement en raison des coûts élevés du bilan et du traitement. L'objectif de la présente étude était d'évaluer les coûts du bilan et du traitement des hépatites virales chroniques. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude observationnelle transversale analytique réalisée, du 1er mars 2019 au 31 juillet 2019, en consultation d'hépato-gastroentérologie du CHU de Yopougon. Les variables étudiées étaient les paramètres sociodémographiques et économiques. Résultats. Au total, 136 patients (hommes 53, 6 %, âge moyen de 42 ans ± 12,2) ont été inclus. Plus de la moitié des patients (63,3 %) avaient un revenu mensuel n'excédant pas 490.39 USD. Le coût du bilan initial était de 223.13 USD et de 351.14 USD respectivement, pour l'hépatite virale B et C. Le ténofovir et l'interféron pégylé étaient gratuits. Le traitement par sofosbuvir + velpastavir coûtait 593.37 USD. Le bilan de suivi annuel était estimé à 237.02 USD pour l'hépatite virale B, 225.58 USD pour l'hépatite virale C. Conclusion. Le bilan et le traitement des hépatites virales chroniques ont un coût prohibitif pour les patients malgré la couverture maladie universelle.

Context and objectives. Chronic viral hepatitis is a public health problem in Côte-d'Ivoire. A significant number of patients have little access to treatment due to the high costs of assessment and treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the costs of assessments and treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Methods. This was an analytical cross-sectional observational study from March 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019 in the HepatoGastroenterology Consultation Service at the Yopougon University Hospital. The variables studied were socio-demographic and economic parameters. Results. 136 patients (men 53.6 %, average age 42 ± 12.2 years) were included. More than half of the patients (63.3 %) had a monthly income not exceeding 490.39 USD. The cost of the initial assessment was 223.13 USD and 351.14 USD for viral hepatitis B and C, respectively. Tenofovir and pegylated interferon were free of charge. Treatment with sofosbuvir + velpastavir cost 593.37 USD. The annual follow-up assessment was estimated at 237.02 USD for viral hepatitis B and 225.58 USD for viral hepatitis C. Conclusion. The assessment and treatment of chronic viral hepatitis have a cost that remains high for patients despite the universal health coverage.

The burden of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation on health-related quality of life in black Africans: a comparison with healthy control subjects in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa.

Background: Although patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation (CC) have an impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), little is known in black African patients compared with control subjects. This study provided the magnitude and the influencing factors of HRQoL impairment in black African outpatients with IBS or CC compared with control subjects using the generic SF-36 questionnaire. Materials and methods: One hundred and four consecutive black African outpatients complaining with IBS (n=72, mean age=38.9 years, female=62.5%) and CC (n=32, mean age=37.4 years, female=75%) met Rome 3 criteria were compared with 210 control subjects (mean age=37.4 years, 63.8% male). The SF-36 scores in all domains of HRQoL with the corresponding physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) composite scores between groups were compared with post hoc analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis for the assessment of the influencing factors. Results: Overall, IBS and CC patients exhibited low SF-36 scores in the 8 domains of HRQoL in comparison with control subjects. IBS patients scored less in mental health (mean difference=-10.3, p=0.001), bodily pain (mean difference=-23.5, p≤0.0001), and social functioning domains (mean difference =-15.1, p=0.01) in comparison with CC patients. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a trend down of PCS (mean difference=-12.9, p<0.0001) and MCS (mean difference=-11.2, p=0.01) disfavoring IBS patients than those with CC in comparison with control subjects. In multivariate linear regression analysis, besides the negative impact of IBS and CC, factors influencing PCS were BMI (ß=0.4; p=0.01) and comorbidities (ß=-5.9; p=0.002). Those influencing MCS were the presence of remunerated activity (ß=2.7, p=0.02), and patient living alone (ß=9.4; p=0.04). Conclusion: IBS and CC impact negatively on the HRQoL in black African subjects and more importantly in those with IBS than CC.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and model for end-stage liver disease score accurately predict the in-hospital mortality of black African patients with decompensated cirrhosis at initial hospitalization: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Prediction of mortality at initial hospitalization is unknown in black African patients with decompensated cirrhosis. AIM: This study aimed to look at the role of MELD score and SIRS as the predictors of morbidity and mortality at initial hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 159 patients with cirrhosis (median age: 49 years, 70.4% males). The role of Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) score, MELD score, and SIRS on mortality was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the prognosis factors were assessed with Cox regression model. RESULTS: At initial hospitalization, 74.2%, 20.1%, and 37.7% of the patients with cirrhosis showed the presence of ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, and esophageal varices, respectively. During the in-hospital follow-up, 40 (25.2%) patients died. The overall incidence of mortality was found to be 3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-4.1] per 100 person-days. Survival probabilities were found to be high in case of patients who were SIRS negative (log-rank test= 4.51, p=0.03) and in case of patients with MELD score ≤16 (log-rank test=7.26, p=0.01) compared to the patients who were SIRS positive and those with MELD score >16. Only SIRS (hazard ratio (HR)=3.02, [95% CI: 1.4-7.4], p=0.01) and MELD score >16 (HR=2.2, [95% CI: 1.1-4.3], p=0.02) were independent predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis except CPT, which was not relevant in our study. Patients with MELD score >16 experienced hepatorenal syndrome (p=0.002) and encephalopathy (p=0.001) more frequently than that of patients with MELD score ≤16. SIRS was not useful in predicting complications. CONCLUSION: MELD score and SIRS can be used as tools for the prediction of mortality in black African patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Usefulness of Noninvasive Predictors of Oesophageal Varices in Black African Cirrhotic Patients in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa).

Aims. To determine the usefulness of platelet count (PC), spleen diameter (SD) and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PC/SD ratio) for the prediction of oesophageal varices (OV) and large OV in black African patients with cirrhosis in Côte d'Ivoire. Materials and Methods. Study was conducted in a training sample (111 patients) and in a validation sample (91 patients). Results. Factors predicting OV were sex: (OR = 0.08, P = 0.0003), PC (OR = 12.4, P = 0.0003), SD (OR = 1.04, P = 0.002) in the training sample. The AUROCs (±SE) of the model (cutoff ≥ 0.6), PC (cutoff < 110500), SD (cutoff > 140) and PC/SD ratio (cutoff ≤ 868) were, respectively; 0.879 ± 0.04, 0.768 ± 0.06, 0.679 ± 0.06, 0.793 ± 0.06. For the prediction of large OV, the model's AUROC (0.850 ± 0.05) was superior to that of PC (0.688 ± 0.06), SD (0.732 ± 0.05) and PC/SD ratio (0.752 ± 0.06). In the validation sample, with PC, PC/SD ratio and the model, upper digestive endoscopy could be obviated respectively in 45.1, 45.1, and 44% of cirrhotic patients. Prophylactic treatment with beta blockers could be started undoubtedly respectively in 36.3, 41.8 and 28.6% of them as having large OV. Conclusion. Non-invasive means could be used to monitor cirrhotic patients and consider treatment in African regions lacking endoscopic facilities.