Association between religion, mental health and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic / Associação entre religião, saúde mental e distanciamento social na pandemia de Covid-19 / Asociación entre religión, salud mental y distanciamiento social en la pandemia Covid-19

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association of religiosity with behaviors and perceptions in the context of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as mental health outcomes, in a university community in Central-West Brazil. A sample of 1,796 subjects responded to an online form with socio-demographic questions and the DASS-21 and PWBS scales. Religion was associated with the frequency of interactions, perceptions of the duration of the social distancing measures, changes in emotional state and history of psychological illness. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress was lower among people with religion and their scores in psychological well-being were higher. (AU)

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de analisar a associação entre religiosidade e comportamentos e percepções frente ao distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 e estado de saúde mental em uma comunidade universitária do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 1796 sujeitos, os quais responderam a um formulário online com questões sociodemográficas e às escalas DASS-21 e EBEP. Observou-se associação entre religião e frequência de interações, percepção sobre a duração do distanciamento social e mudanças no estado emocional e histórico de alterações psicológicas. Constatou-se menor prevalência de sintomas relacionados à depressão, à ansiedade e ao estresse e maiores escores de bem-estar psicológico entre aqueles com religião. (AU)

Se trata de un estudio transversal con el objetivo de analizar la asociación entre religiosidad, comportamientos y percepciones frente al distanciamiento social resultante de la pandemia Covid-19 y el estado de salud mental en una comunidad universitaria de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Participaron en el estudio 1796 sujetos, que respondieron un formulario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas y las escalas DASS-21 y EBEP. Se observó asociación entre religión y frecuencia de interacciones, la percepción de la duración del aislamiento social y los cambios en el estado emocional y el historial de cambios psicológicos. Se observó una menor prevalencia de síntomas relacionados con la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés, y puntuaciones más altas de bienestar psicológico entre quienes profesaban una religión. (AU)

Fatores associados a altos escores de saúde mental de professores universitários durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Factors associated with high mental health scores of university teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar indicadores de saúde mental e identificar fatores associados a esses indicadores em professores universitários durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo foi realizado com dados transversais de 339 professores de quatro universidades federais brasileiras, os quais responderam a um formulário online, de agosto a setembro de 2021. Os dados de saúde mental foram obtidos com auxílio da escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse (DASS-21). A maioria apresentou escores considerados normais para as três dimensões, ansiedade (57,20; I.C 95%: 51,76-62,53), depressão (61,10; I.C 95%: 55,63-66,24) e estresse (56,64; I.C 95%: 51,17-61,95). Escores altos de depressão, ansiedade e/ou estresse estiveram associados a diagnóstico prévio de transtorno mental, afastamento do trabalho por causa da pandemia, passar pelo menos 12 horas sozinho por dia, procurar e não conseguir assistência médica durante a pandemia e autopercepção de piora no estado emocional durante o distanciamento social-físico.

This work aims to present mental health indicators and identify factors associated with mental health indicators among university teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 339 professors from four Brazilian federal universities. They answered to an online questionnaire, from August to September 2021. Mental health was assessed using depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21).The majority have had normal scores for the three dimensions, anxiety (57.20; I.C 95%: 51.76-62.53), depression (61.10; I.C 95%: 55.63-66.24) and stress (56.64; 95% C.I.: 51.17-61.95). High scores for depression, anxiety and/or stress were associated with previous diagnosis of mental disorder, request for work leave because of the pandemic, spending at least 12 hours alone per day, seeking but not getting medical assistance during the pandemic and worsened emotional state (self-perceived) during social and physical distancing measures.

Variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas associadas a autorrelato de violência doméstica durante o "Fique em casa!": estudo transversal com amostra de uma comunidade universitária / Socioeconomic and Demographic Variables Associated with Self-Reported Domestic Violence During the "Stay At Home!" Mandate: a Cross-Sectional Study with a Sample of a University Community

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a frequência e identificar variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas associadas ao autorrelato de violência doméstica durante as medidas de distanciamento social decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19 em uma comunidade universitária. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência online. Estudantes, técnicos administrativos e professores eram elegíveis ao estudo. A participação consistiu em responder a um questionário autoaplicável com questões sociodemográficas e da vivência da pandemia. Foram calculadas frequências absolutas e relativas e comparadas as proporções nas variáveis categóricas pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. Estimaram-se razões de chances via regressão logística para identificar os fatores associados ao autorrelato de violência doméstica durante o distanciamento social. De julho a agosto de 2020, 2.629 participantes responderam ao questionário. A maioria era do sexo feminino (57%), solteira (67%), branca (55%) e com até 29 anos de idade (62%). O autorrelato de violência doméstica esteve associado ao nível fundamental/médio (RCaj.: 2,80; IC95%: 1,60 ­ 5,50), ao nível de graduação (RCaj.: 2,20; IC95%: 1,20 ­ 4,40), ao sexo feminino (RCaj.: 1,60; IC95%: 1,20 ­ 2,20) e a ser solteiro (RCaj.: 1,60; IC95%: 1,10 ­ 2,40). O enfrentamento da violência, especialmente contra as mulheres, pessoas solteiras e com baixa escolaridade, deve ser construído a partir de uma base intersetorial e em rede, envolvendo ações emancipatórias, cuidado, proteção, assistência psicossocial e capacitação profissional.

This study aimed to estimate the frequency and identify socioeconomic and demographic variables associated with self-reporting of domestic violence during social distancing measures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in a university community. This is a cross-sectional study with an online convenience sample. Students, administrative assistants, and professors were eligible for the study. Participation consisted of answering a self-administered questionnaire with sociodemographic questions and experiences of the pandemic. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, and the proportions of categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Odds ratios were estimated via logistic regression to identify factors associated with self-reporting of domestic violence during social distancing. From July to August 2020, 2,629 participants responded to the questionnaire. Most were female (57%), single (67%), white (55%), and were up to 29 years of age (62%). Self-reported domestic violence was associated with elementary/high school education (AOR.: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.60 ­ 5.50), undergraduate level (AOR.: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.20 ­ 4 .40), female sex (AOR.: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.20 ­ 2.20), and single status (AOR.: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.10 ­ 2.40). Combating violence, especially against women, single and low educated people, must be constructed from intersectoral and networked basis, involving liberating actions, care, protection, psychosocial assistance, and professional training.

Increased use of psychoactive substances among Brazilian health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of increased psychoactive substance use (PSU) and associated factors among health care professionals. A cross-sectional and analytical study with 12,086 Brazilian health professionals was undertaken. An online questionnaire was used to gather data concerning sociodemographic factors, increased consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and hypnotics or sedatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and hypnotic or sedative consumption were 17.8 %, 69.0 % and 17.1 %, respectively. Regression analyses indicated that having no religion and social isolation were associated with increased PASU during the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic stressors may increase PASU, and increased PASU may increase the risk of substance use disorders and substance use-related chronic diseases, such as cancer.

Factors Associated With Increased Alcohol Consumption During Physical and Social Distancing Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a University in Brazil.

Objective: To report alcohol consumption during the first month of social home-isolation and physical distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in an public University in Mid-West Brazil. Methods: We designed an online observational study. Initial data of 2166 participants was obtained between April and May, 2020, less than a month after University's measures of social distancing with remote work and classes. We used Poisson regression model with robust variance to identify the significant factors associated with self-reported increase in alcohol consumption during social and physical distancing measures. Results: Increased alcohol consumption during social and physical distancing was reported by 22.9% of 1371 alcohol drinkers. Factors associated with reporting increased alcoholic consumption during University's physical and social distancing measures were: not professing any religion (1.52, 95% CI 1.25-1.83), having signs/symptom suggesting SARS-COV-2 infection (1.56, 95% CI 1.26-1.93), missing social interaction with peers carried out without any mediating technology (1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.20), experiencing financial distress/hardship (1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.54), perceiving duration of social isolation as long (1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.41), reporting worsening of emotional/mental wellbeing (1.76, 95% CI 1.34-2.33), and previous psychological disorders (1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.52). Conclusions: This study highlights several individual, psychological, and social determinants of increase in consumption of alcoholic beverages during physical and social distancing measures due to the pandemic and the results may reflect the presence of emotional changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It urges that sanitary authorities adopt measures to avoid excessive alcohol consumption during social distancing measures.

Distanciamento social na pandemia da COVID-19 e estado emocional de estudantes universitários: estudo descritivo-exploratório / Social distancing and emotional state of university students in the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive-exploratory study

OBETIVO: Conhecer a vivência com o distanciamento social, no período inicial da pandemia da COVID-19, e o estado emocional de estudantes universitários. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado com 237 estudantes de instituição de ensino superior pública, situada no centro-oeste brasileiro. Dados coletados virtualmente, por questionário eletrônico, lançados em planilha e submetidos à análise descritiva e de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS: Emergiram as categorias Entre mudanças emocionais e dificuldades de adaptação ao ensino remoto e Distanciamento social e aproximação com o próprio ser. As narrativas sugerem a vivência de preocupações, ansiedade, abalo e instabilidade emocional com o distanciamento social e o ensino remoto de emergência no período pandêmico, e denotam maior tempo para o autocuidado e a convivência em família. CONCLUSÃO: Faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias intersetoriais de promoção da saúde e prevenção de transtornos mentais, em parceria com a instituição de ensino, ajustadas ao contexto.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experience of social distancing in the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emotional state of university students. METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study was carried out with 237 students from a public higher education institution located in the Midwest region of Brazil. Data was collected virtually by electronic questionnaires, released in a spreadsheet, and subjected to descriptive analysis and thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged: "Between emotional changes and difficulties in adapting to remote teaching" and "Social distancing and approximation with the self". The narratives suggest the experience of worries, anxiety, shock, and emotional instability due to social distancing and remote teaching during the pandemic and denote more time for self-care and family coexistence. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop intersectoral strategies for health promotion and prevention of mental disorders, in partnership with the educational institutions, adjusted to the current context.

COVID-19 e saúde mental: fatores associados à depressão, ansiedade e estresse em uma comunidade universitária / COVID-19 and mental health: factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in a university community / COVID-19 y salud mental: factores asociados a la depresión, ansiedad y estrés en una comunidad universitaria

A pandemia de COVID-19 e as medidas de distanciamento social trouxeram implicações psicossociais para toda a comunidade universitária. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar fatores associados a sinais de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em uma comunidade universitária em regime de distanciamento social, durante a emergência sanitária. Por meio de estudo observacional de corte transversal com caráter quantitativo exploratório, realizado entre abril e maio de 2020, com uso da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21), foi obtida amostra on-line de 1.796 indivíduos. Os resultados de regressão quasi-Poisson demonstram que histórico de distúrbio mental, piora do estado emocional e dificuldades financeiras estão associados a altos escores dos três desfechos. Ainda, praticar atividade que proporciona bem-estar e possuir computador em casa estão associados negativamente a escores altos de depressão. Assim, mudanças do ensino presencial para o remoto podem ter implicações negativas na saúde mental de comunidades universitárias.

The Covid-19 pandemic and the social distancing measures had psychosocial implications for the entire university's community. This study aims to identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in a university's community in quarantine measures due to the health emergency. A cross-sectional study with quantitative and exploratory approach was undergone between April and May 2020, using anxiety, depression, and stress scale (DASS-21). A sample of 1,796 individuals participated in the study. Results from quisi-Poisson regression showed that history of mental disorder, worsening emotional status, and financial difficulties were associated with high scores for the three outcomes. Practicing an activity that provides well-being and having a computer at home were negatively associated with high depression scores. Shifts from face-to-face to remote classes may have negative implications in mental health of university's communities.

La pandemia de COVID-19 y las medidas de distanciamiento social tuvieron implicaciones psicosociales en la comunidad universitaria. El estudio buscó identificar factores asociados a signos de ansiedad, depresión y estrés en una comunidad universitaria en régimen de distanciamiento social durante la emergencia sanitaria. Estudio observacional de corte transversal con carácter cuantitativo exploratorio, realizado entre abril y mayo de 2020, utilizando la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21). Se obtuvo una muestra virtual de 1.796 personas. Los resultados de regresión de quasi-Posisson demuestran que un historial de trastorno mental, empeoramiento del estado emocional y dificultades financieras se asocian con puntuaciones altas para los tres resultados. Practicar una actividad que brinde bienestar y tener una computadora en casa se asocian negativamente con puntajes altos de depresión. El cambio de la educación presencial a la educación remota puede tener implicaciones negativas para la salud mental de las comunidades universitarias.

HIV Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Polydrug Users in Brazil: A Biological Survey Using Respondent Driven Sampling.

Brazil has a concentrated HIV epidemic among key populations. In 2009, the Ministry of Health conducted a survey in 10 Brazilian cities aiming to estimate HIV prevalence, knowledge, and associated risk behaviors of polysubstance users (PSU). Using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS), 3449 PSU were recruited, answered an Audio-Computer Self Assisted Interview (ACASI) and were tested for HIV and syphilis. Analyses were weighted by individual's social network size generated on RDSAT. Pooled HIV prevalence was 5.8% but varied across cities. Most PSU were male, non-white, without income, unemployed, with low levels of education. Overall, 12.0% used injectable drugs, 48.7% had sex with occasional partners and 46.4% engaged in commercial sex. A majority received free condoms (71.4%) but 76.7% exhibited inconsistent condom use. Findings can support policies aiming to improve health care and preventive interventions tailored to this population that remains at high risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV/STI in multiple scenarios.

Factors associated with syphilis seroreactivity among polydrug users in Northeast Brazil: A cross-sectional study using Respondent Driven Sampling.

BACKGROUND: The burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as syphilis, is higher in low-income countries, with serious consequences and profound impact on sexual and reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread. Syphilis prevalence tend to be higher among people who misuse drugs than in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To assess syphilis and associated factors among polydrug users (PDU) in the city of Salvador, Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 Brazilian cities between September and November 2009 using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Participants answered an Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interview (ACASI) and were rapid tested for HIV and syphilis. We performed multivariable regression models for correlates of syphilis on Stata 10.0. Estimates were weighted by the inverse size of the individual social network size and homophily. RESULTS: Mean age was 29.3 years (range: 18-62), 74.0% were males, and 89.8% were non-white. Syphilis prevalence was 16.6%. Females (adjwOR:2.14; 95%CI:1.09-4.20), individuals over 29 years old (adjwOR:4.44; 95%CI:2.41-8.19), those who exchanged sex for money or drugs (adjwOR:3.51; 95%CI:1.84-6.71), "No/low" self-perceived risk of HIV infection (adjwOR:5.13; 95%CI:1.36-19.37), and having nine or less years of education (adjwOR:2.92; 95%CI:1.08-7.88) were associated with syphilis. CONCLUSION: One of the most pressing needs for syphilis prevention/control is the availability of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests and treatment. Interventions should be tailored to PDU needs and their multiple burdens as shown in the present study, that may contribute to future studies aiming to better understand the relationships between drug use and syphilis.

Programa Pesquisa para o sus(PPsus): contribuições para aciência, tecnologia e inovação emsaúde no estado do Paraná / Research Program for sus (PPsus): contributions for science, technology, and health innovation in the state of Paraná

O Programa Pesquisa para o Sistema Único de Saúde: gestão compartilhada em saúde (PPSUS) é uma iniciativa de descentralização de fomento à pesquisa em saúde para promover o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico de cada unidade federativa brasileira. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os principais indicadores gerenciais e a aplicabilidade para o SUS dos resultados das pesquisas financiadas pelo PPSUS no estado do Paraná.Foram analisados dados de 2004 a 2013 disponíveis na plataforma Pesquisa Saúde do Decit/SCTIE/MS. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de frequências absolutas e relativa se medidas de tendência central.Os dados qualitativos relativos à aplicabilidade dos resultados para o SUS foram categorizados, descrito se analisados seguindo o método proposto por Minayo para análise de conteúdo. O Paraná participou de cinco edições do PPSUS com 246 projetos financiados, envolvendo R$16.095.000,00 em recursos financeiros. As temáticas de pesquisa mais frequentes estavam relacionadas às doenças não transmissíveis (19,84%)e transmissíveis (18,62%). As pesquisas financiadas concentraram-se em Curitiba, Londrina e Maringá. A aplicabilidade dos resultados das pesquisas no SUS focou a possibilidade de disponibilizar propostas alternativas e/ou melhorias para o apoio terapêutico na assistência à saúde, gerar conhecimento para compreender o processo saúde-doença e subsidiar a formulação das políticas/programas/estratégias e a tomada de decisão. O aumento do aporte de recursos financeiros e do número de projetos de pesquisa financiados indica a ampliação do Programa no estado e os resultados dos estudos apresentam potencial para contribuir para diversas esferas do setor saúde, da assistência à gestão...

The Research Program for the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde-SUS): Healthcare Shared Management, called PPSUS, is an initiative for decentralization of health research funding to promote scientific and technological development of each Brazilian Federal Unit. This study aims to present the main management indicators and the applicability on SUS of the research results funded by PPSUS in the state of Paraná. Available dataon the platform Pesquisa Saúde of Decit/SCTIE/MS from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed. Quantitative data were analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies and central tendency measures. Qualitative data on the applicability of the results for SUS were classified, described and analyzed by the method proposed by Minayo for content analysis. The state of Paraná participated in five editions of PPSUS with 246 funded projects, involving R$16,095,000.00 in financial resources. The research themes that were more frequently studied were related to non-communicable diseases (19,84%) and communicable diseases (18,62%). The funded researches were concentrated in the cities of Curitiba, Londrina and Maringá. The applicability of research results in SUS focused on the possibility of providing alternative proposals and/or improvements to therapeutic support in health care, generating knowledge to understand the health-disease process,and subsidize the formulation of policies /programs / strategies and decision-taking. The increase in the contribution of financial resources and in the number of funded research projects indicates the expansion of the Programin the state, and the studies results demonstrate potential to contribute to several areas of the health sector, from assistance tomanagement...