Consolidación y reconsolidación de la memoria. Aproximación teórica al campo educativo / Consolidation and reconsolidation of memory. Theoretical approach to the educational field

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo general la descripción de los procesos neurobiológicos de la consolidación y reconsolidación de la memoria, mientras que el específico, pretende vincular ambos mecanismos con situaciones de enseñanza y de aprendizaje de educación formal. El presente aborda las teorías en torno a estos procesos desde una perspectiva sistémico-evolutiva. Esto es, entendidas como totalidades complejas jerárquicamente organizadas, en tanto procesos psicobiológicos y neurocognitivos complementarios subyacentes en la memoria y potenciación a largo plazo y propiedad emergente de la conducta. Se exponen investigaciones que pusieron en debate estos dos procesos neurocognitivos, y los últimos hallazgos en animales no humanos y humanos; aportaciones extrapoladas a situaciones y estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Finalmente, los dos planos epistemológicos: estructural-molecular (consolidación y reconsolidación de la memoria) y conductual (enseñanza y aprendizaje), se explicitan atento a puentes epistémicos que dan cuenta de la integración de la complejidad de ambos campos

[Children enteroparasitosis in north east Argentine urban area]. / Enteroparasitosis infantil en un area urbana del nordeste Argentino.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of enteroparasitosis in a young urban population. The relationship between enteroparasitosis in this population and biological and environmental conditions was established for 113 infants between 0 and 14 years. Serial stool samples were analyzed and Graham tests were performed in each infant. The degree of nutrition of each infant was also assessed. Environmental data were collected via semi-structured surveys. Soil samples were tested to determine the degree of soil contamination. The following species were identified: Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Taenia sp. Children infection prevalence was 73.5%. The frequency of enteroparasitosis was largest in the population from 3 to 8 years. The homes of the children analyzed were brick houses with tin roof and access to tap water. A 79.5% of these houses had bathrooms. The remaining used outdoors latrines. In 95.5% of these houses, the residents lived with one or more dogs and cats. The soil collected from nine houses was contaminated with infectious forms of Toxocara canis and ancilostomideos. The relationship between parasitosis and latrines and overcrowding was verified. Five cases of malnutrition were detected (4.4%). The relevance of physical and cultural factors in relation to enteric parasitosis suggests that the pharmacological treatment should be accompanied with preventive measures regarding hygiene and proper elimination of human and pet faeces.

Enteroparasitosis infantil en un area urbana del nordeste argentino / Children enteroparasitosis in North East Argentine urban area

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las enteroparasitosis en una población infantil urbana y establecer su relación con factores biológicos y condiciones ambientales. Se investigaron 113 niños entre 0 y 14 años de edad. En cada niño se realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos y test de Graham y se valoró el estado nutricional. Para el registro de datos ambientales se aplicaron encuestas semiestructuradas. Se analizó la contaminación del suelo. Se identificó Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, uncinarias, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana y Taenia sp. La prevalencia de parasitados fue 73.5%. Se verificó mayor frecuencia de enteroparasitosis en la franja etaria de 3 a 8 años. Las viviendas analizadas (n=44) eran de material con techo de chapa, contaban con red de agua potable; el 79.5% poseía baño instalado, las restantes poseían letrinas. En el 95.5% de las unidades domésticas había uno o más perros y gatos. El suelo de nueve viviendas estuvo contaminado con formas infectantes de Toxocara canis y ancilostomídeos. Se comprobó asociación entre parasitosis y uso de letrinas y hacinamiento. Se detectaron cinco casos de desnutrición grado I (4.4%). Se pone de manifiesto la trascendencia de los factores físicos y culturales como condicionantes de las parasitosis entéricas lo que sugiere que se debe insistir, simultáneamente al tratamiento farmacológico, en las medidas preventivas relacionadas con la higiene y la adecuada eliminación de las excretas humanas y de los animales domésticos.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of enteroparasitosis in a young urban population. The relationship between enteroparasitosis in this population and biological and environmental conditions was established for 113 infants between 0 and 14 years. Serial stool samples were analyzed and Graham tests were performed in each infant. The degree of nutrition of each infant was also assessed. Environmental data were collected via semi-structured surveys. Soil samples were tested to determine the degree of soil contamination. The following species were identified: Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Taenia sp. Children infection prevalence was 73.5%. The frequency of enteroparasitosis was largest in the population from 3 to 8 years. The homes of the children analyzed were brick houses with tin roof and access to tap water. A 79.5% of these houses had bathrooms. The remaining used outdoors latrines. In 95.5% of these houses, theresidents lived with one or more dogs and cats. The soil collected from nine houses was contaminated with infectious forms of Toxocara canis and ancilostomideos. The relationship between parasitosis and latrines and overcrowding was verified. Five cases of malnutrition were detected (4.4%). The relevance of physical and cultural factors in relation to enteric parasitosis suggests that the pharmacological treatment should be accompanied with preventive measures regarding hygiene and proper elimination of human and pet faeces.

Enteroparasitosis infantil en un area urbana del nordeste argentino / Children enteroparasitosis in North East Argentine urban area

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las enteroparasitosis en una población infantil urbana y establecer su relación con factores biológicos y condiciones ambientales. Se investigaron 113 niños entre 0 y 14 años de edad. En cada niño se realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos y test de Graham y se valoró el estado nutricional. Para el registro de datos ambientales se aplicaron encuestas semiestructuradas. Se analizó la contaminación del suelo. Se identificó Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, uncinarias, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana y Taenia sp. La prevalencia de parasitados fue 73.5%. Se verificó mayor frecuencia de enteroparasitosis en la franja etaria de 3 a 8 años. Las viviendas analizadas (n=44) eran de material con techo de chapa, contaban con red de agua potable; el 79.5% poseía baño instalado, las restantes poseían letrinas. En el 95.5% de las unidades domésticas había uno o más perros y gatos. El suelo de nueve viviendas estuvo contaminado con formas infectantes de Toxocara canis y ancilostomídeos. Se comprobó asociación entre parasitosis y uso de letrinas y hacinamiento. Se detectaron cinco casos de desnutrición grado I (4.4%). Se pone de manifiesto la trascendencia de los factores físicos y culturales como condicionantes de las parasitosis entéricas lo que sugiere que se debe insistir, simultáneamente al tratamiento farmacológico, en las medidas preventivas relacionadas con la higiene y la adecuada eliminación de las excretas humanas y de los animales domésticos.(AU)

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of enteroparasitosis in a young urban population. The relationship between enteroparasitosis in this population and biological and environmental conditions was established for 113 infants between 0 and 14 years. Serial stool samples were analyzed and Graham tests were performed in each infant. The degree of nutrition of each infant was also assessed. Environmental data were collected via semi-structured surveys. Soil samples were tested to determine the degree of soil contamination. The following species were identified: Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis, coccidios, Giardia intestinalis, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Taenia sp. Children infection prevalence was 73.5%. The frequency of enteroparasitosis was largest in the population from 3 to 8 years. The homes of the children analyzed were brick houses with tin roof and access to tap water. A 79.5% of these houses had bathrooms. The remaining used outdoors latrines. In 95.5% of these houses, theresidents lived with one or more dogs and cats. The soil collected from nine houses was contaminated with infectious forms of Toxocara canis and ancilostomideos. The relationship between parasitosis and latrines and overcrowding was verified. Five cases of malnutrition were detected (4.4%). The relevance of physical and cultural factors in relation to enteric parasitosis suggests that the pharmacological treatment should be accompanied with preventive measures regarding hygiene and proper elimination of human and pet faeces.(AU)