[Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy of children with infectious mononucleosis].

A group of 126 children (4 to 7 years old) with infectious mononucleosis received basic therapy in combination with nonspecific antiviral drugs. The same therapeutic efficiency was observed for cycloferon and genferon light included in complex treatment of infectious mononucleosis in children. The use of cycloferon (10 mg/kg i.m., single daily injection for 10 days) prevents the development of frequent acute respiratory viral infections in the period of convalescence.

[Efficiency of remaxol in preventing unwanted side effects of the antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C].

The article briefly addresses issues pertaining to the problem of complications encountered in antiviral therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Data on the effectiveness of remaxol as a means of preventing the development of complication in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C in early stages of antiviral treatment.

[Therapeutic efficacy of various formulations of cycloferon in the treatment of infectious mononucleosis in children].

One hundred twenty six children at the age of 4 to 7 years with infectious mononucleosis were observed. The subjects under the complex therapy were treated with cycloferon suppositoria (1st group), intramuscular cycloferon (2nd group) or placebo (3rd group). The results demonstrated similar therapeutic efficacy of the parenteral cycloferon and rectal suppositoria (a novel cycloferon formulation).

[Hepatoprotective activity of remaxol in patients with chronic hepatic disorders].

This milticentre randomized clinical study of the efficiency of remaxol infusion solution (hepatoprotective medicine for chronic liver dysfunction) included 494 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. 294 of them staying in 7 clinics were given remaxol and 200 ones received placebo. Randomization was achieved by the envelope method. A detailed description of clinical and laboratory characteristics of the diseases is presented. Effects of remaxol vs placebo on the functional activity of affected liver are discussed. Results of laboratory and clinical analysis indicate that mechanism of remaxol action is based on hepatoprotective, antioxidative, and anticholestatic activities of the drug.

[Cycloferon efficacy of therapy of chronic hepatitis B (results of randomized multicentre study)].

The best therapeutic effect in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B was observed with the use of cycloferon in the scheme of the antiviral therapy. The combination of cycloferon with lamivudine provided complete stable remission in 54.1% of the patients, whereas the use of a-interferon in combination with cycloferon provided remission in 44.1% of the lamivudine-resistant patients. The use of cycloferon in the therapy of chronic hepatitis B made it possible to lower the frequency and manifestation level of the side effects and prevented the lamivudine resistance development and generation of the virus mutants.

[Extra-hospital death of children with congenital defects and organic injuries of the nervous system]. / Vnebol'nichnaia smert' detei v sviazi s vrozhdennymi porokami i organicheskimi porazheniiami nervnoi sistemy.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of extrahospital mortality of children with defects of nervous system. Both social-hygienic and expert methods were used in all the cases of extrahospital death of children with anomalies of the development of nervous system, registered in the region of Penza in 1984-1996 (total = 238 cases). It was found that risk-group of sudden death included children with inborn anomalies of the development of nervous system, with hereditary diseases, with infantile cerebral paralysis and consequences of neuroinfections. Extrahospital death of children was registered mainly in rural regions. Risk-factors of death of children with inborn defects appeared to be seasonal deviations, especially in the period of the season change. The direct causes of the death depended on the type of the defect. A priority of practical neonatology, perinatology and children's neurosurgery is introduction of the methods of antenatal diagnosis and surgical methods for the correction of inborn defects of CNS.

[Risk factors in sudden infant death syndrome]. / Faktory riska sindroma vnezapnoi smerti detei grudnogo vozrasta.

Preterm babies are at risk of sudden death. Determination of the risk factors and prediction of the probability of sudden death syndrome in infants will help the physicians in purposeful observation of the risk-group children, improve the efficacy of prophylactic check-ups, and decrease neonatal mortality. A prognostic table for rapid diagnosis of the risk of sudden death syndrome is proposed for practical public health.

[Data on the cultural and morphologic features of dissociation forms of nisin-producing Streptococcus]. / Nekotorye dannye o kul'tural'no-morfologicheskikh osobennostiakh form dissotsiatsii nizinobrazuiushchego streptokokka.

Colonies and cells of S and G variants of Streptococcus lactis, strain MSU were studied comparatively. It was shown that in the G form the growth rate and other biosynthetic peculiarities and in particular the capacity for the nisin synthesis were lower. Morphological properties of the colonies and cells of the S and G variants of the nisin-producing streptococcus were investigated.

[The development of a nutrient medium for nisin-producing streptococci utilizing the waste products from a number of biotechnology plants]. / Razrabotka pitatel'noi sredy dlia nizinobrazuiushchikh streptokokkov s ispol'zovaniem otkhodov riada biotekhnologicheskikh proizvodstv.

The possibility of using some waste products of the dairy and agricultural industries as nutrient substrates for the cultivation of nisin-producing streptococci was studied. Yeast production wastes as well as potato liquor, whey and dried whey as waste products were shown suitable for the growth of Streptococcus lactis and the biosynthesis of nisin. The level of the nisin production increased when corn steep liquor and glucose were added to whey and dried whey respectively.

[Isolation of nisin from native solution and its purification on cationites]. / Vydelenie nizina iz nativnogo rastvora i ego ochistka na kationitakh.

It was found possible to use organic sorbents and in particular carboxylic cationites for isolation of nisin from the fermentation broth filtrate and its purification. Nisin is known as a polypeptide antibiotic applied as a preservative. The sorbents were shown to have high exchange capacities by the isolated substance and mechanical strength and resistance. They also proved to be highly stable.

[Study of nisin, a polypeptide antibiotic produced by a culture of Streptococcus lactis, strain MSU]. / Izuchenie antibiotika-polipeptida nizina, obrazuemogo kul'turoi Streptococcus lactis, shtamm MGU.

The drug nisin produced by the lactic acid bacteria S. lactis, strain MSU, was identified and described. After 18-hour cultivation of the strain the fermentation broth was centrifuged. The centrifugate contained at an average 2000 IU/ml of the antibiotic. It was purified on silica gel C-3, the eluate was lyophilized and the dry substance was studied by disk electrophoresis in 20 per cent PAAG in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. It was found that S. lactis, strain MSU, produced a polypeptide component of the molecular weight of 7000 D. Its electrophoretic mobility corresponded to that of nisaplin. Therefore, nisin was shown to be identical to nisaplin.

[Joint culturing of Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU with Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus mesentericus]. / Sovmestnoe kul'tivirovanie Streptococcus lactis, shtamm MGU s Proteus vulgaris i Bacillus mesentericus.

Nisin synthesis by Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU, grown as a combined culture together with Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus mesentericus under stationary conditions or with stirring does not depend on the quantity of inoculated associated cells. Nisin synthesis in the combined culture drops down by 10-20% at the initial pH 7.5 of the growth medium which is unfavourable for S. lactis producing nisin. The level of nisin biosynthesis does not rise when the pH of the medium is adjusted (either naturally or artificially) to 6.6-6.8 in the presence of glucose and yeast autolysate. S. lactis inhibits the growth of B. mesentericus when grown together with it whereas P. vulgaris inhibits the growth of S. lactis in their combined culture.

[Nisin sorption and desorption on different silica adsorbents]. / Izuchenie sorbtsii i desorbtsii nizina na razlichnykh kremnezemnykh adsorbentakh.

Nisin sorption on some silica adsorbents in columns was studied. Silica gels, silochromes and sintered glass with various pore diameters, various specific surfaces, etc. were tested. Correlation between the adsorbent adsorption capacity with respect to nisin and the adsorbent pore diameter was observed. The tested silochromes, silica gels with the pore diameters of 70-80 nm and sintered glass with the pore diameters of 65-112 nm had the highest adsorption capacity with respect to nisin.

[Nisin biosynthesis during the joint cultivation of Streptococcus lactis strain MGU and yeasts]. / Biosintez nizina v usloviiakh sovmestnogo kul'tivirovaniia Streptococcus lactis shtamm MGU i drozhzhei.

In simultaneous inoculation of the medium for nisin biosynthesis with Streptococcus lactis (strain MSU) and yeasts such as Rhodotorula colostri, Zigowilliopsis californicus, Hansenuia anomala, Saccharomyces ludvigii, Kluyveromyces lactis and Endomyces magnusi the quantitative ratio of the inoculates in the mixed cultures is not in principle important for the antibiotic synthesis by the Streptococcus. When 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-hour inoculates of the yeasts were added simultaneously to 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 18-hour cultures of S. lactis biosynthesis of nisin was at the control level. The fractional composition of the fermentation broth of the above yeast species had no significant effect on biosynthesis of nisin.

[3-component nutrient medium for the nisin producer Streptococcus lactis strain MGU]. / Trekhkomponentnaia pitatel'naia sreda dlia produtsenta nizina--Streptococcus lactis shtamm MGU.

The methods of mathematical desing of experiments such as Box and full factorial design were used in the study. As a result a three-component medium including 1-2 per cent of mollases, 10-20 mg% of yeast autolysate and 1-2 per cent of KH2PO4 was recommended for biosynthesis of nisin.

[Joint cultivation of Streptococcus lactis, LMU strain, and various species of yeasts]. / Sovmestnoe kul'tivirovanie Streptococcus lactis shtamm MGU i razlichnykh vidov drozhzhei.

When S. lactis, strain LMU and yeast were plated out simultaneously on media containing different amounts of amine nitrogen and vitamins, the yeast did not stimulate the synthesis of nisin. Plating out of S. lactis on media with grown cultures of the Rostov baker's yeast, American baker's yeast, Candida guilliermondii, Candida clausenii, Fabospora fragilis, Fabospora macedoniensis, Octosporomyces octosporus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, races "Ya" and "M" and Saccharomyces globosus resulted in inhibition of the S. lactis growth and nisin synthesis. Cultivation of S. lactis on media with grown cultures of Saccharomyces ludwigii, Hansenula anomala, Kluyveromyces lactis, Endomyces magnusi, Zigowilliopsis californicus, and Rhodotorula colostri resulted in formation of an association providing active growth and development of S. lactis with complete realization of its biosynthetic capacity.

[Use of adsorbents for optimizing the process of isolating nisin from the culture broth]. / Ispol'zovanie adsorbentov dlia optimizatsii protsessa vydeleniia nizina iz kul'tural'noi zhidkosti.

The results of the study on optimization of the process of nisin isolation from the cultural liquid are presented. Different adsorbents, streptococcal cells, medium solid particles (biomass fermentalysates) and silica gel, were used for antibiotic adsorption.

[Protoplast isolation from a nisin-forming culture of Streptococcus lactis strain MGU]. / Poluchenie protoplastov nizinobrazuiushchei kul'tury Streptococcus lactis shtamm MGU.

A procedure for protoplasts of Str. lactis producing nisin was developed. The following lysing factors were used for obtaining the protoplasts: lycozyme, LE enzyme, lysosubtilin and an enzyme isolated from the culture fluid A. levoris. The use of the above factors in different combinations provided an increase in the number of the formed protoplasts from 1-2 in the field of the microscope vision to 15-20, which amounted to 25 per cent of the total number of the cells visible under microscope.