Effectiveness of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic Vaccination in a Population at High Risk of Mpox: A Spanish Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: With more than 7500 cases reported since April 2022, Spain has experienced the highest incidence of mpox in Europe. From 12 July onward, the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine was offered as pre-exposure prophylaxis for those receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-PrEP). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of 1 dose of MVA-BN vaccine as pre-exposure prophylaxis against mpox virus (MPXV) infection in persons on HIV-PrEP. METHODS: National retrospective cohort study between 12 July and 12 December 2022. Individuals aged ≥18 years receiving HIV-PrEP as of 12 July with no previous MPXV infection or vaccination were eligible. Each day, we matched individuals receiving a first dose of vaccine and unvaccinated controls of the same age and region. We used a Kaplan-Meier estimator, calculated risk ratios (RR) and vaccine effectiveness (VE = [1 - RR]x100). RESULTS: We included 5660 matched pairs, with a median follow-up of 62 days (interquartile range, 24-97). Mpox cumulative incidence was 5.6 per 1000 (25 cases) in unvaccinated and 3.5 per 1000 (18 cases) in vaccinated. No effect was found during days 0-6 post-vaccination (VE, -38.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], -332.7 to 46.4), but VE was 65% at ≥7 days (95% CI, 22.9 to 88.0) and 79% at ≥14 days (95% CI, 33.3 to 100.0) post-vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: One dose of MVA-BN vaccine offered protection against mpox in most-at-risk population shortly after the vaccination. Further studies need to assess the VE of a second dose and the duration of protection over time.

Post-exposure vaccine effectiveness and contact management in the mpox outbreak, Madrid, Spain, May to August 2022.

BackgroundAppropriate vaccination strategies have been key to controlling the outbreak of mpox outside endemic areas in 2022, yet few studies have provided information on mpox vaccine effectiveness (VE).AimTo assess VE after one dose of a third-generation smallpox vaccine against mpox when given as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 14 days.MethodsA survival analysis in a prospective cohort of close contacts of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases was conducted from the beginning of the outbreak in the region of Madrid in May 2022. The study included contacts of cases in this region diagnosed between 17 May and 15 August 2022. Follow up was up to 49 days. A multivariate proportional hazard model was used to evaluate VE in the presence of confounding and interaction.ResultsInformation was obtained from 484 close contacts, of which 230 were vaccinated within 14 days of exposure. Of the close contacts, 57 became ill during follow-up, eight vaccinated and 49 unvaccinated. The adjusted effectiveness of the vaccine was 88.8% (95% CI: 76.0-94.7). Among sexual contacts, VE was 93.6% (95% CI: 72.1-98.5) for non-cohabitants and 88.6% (95% CI: 66.1-96.2) for cohabitants.ConclusionPost-exposure prophylaxis of close contacts of mpox cases is an effective measure that can contribute to reducing the number of cases and eventually the symptoms of breakthrough infections. The continued use of PEP together with pre-exposure prophylaxis by vaccination and other population-targeted prevention measures are key factors in controlling an mpox outbreak.

Vigilancia diaria de la gripe pandémica (H1N1) 2009 mediante registros de la historia clínica electrónica de atención primaria en la Comunidad de Madrid / Daily surveillance of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 by primary care electronic clinical records in the Madrid region

Fundamentos: La pandemia de gripe A (H1N1) supuso la pues-ta en marcha en la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) de nuevas estrategias de vigilancia epidemiológica que diesen respuesta a las necesidades de inmediatez y exhaustividad. Los objetivos de este estudio son des-cribir las características de los casos recogidos por este sistema así como mostrar las posibilidades de desagregación geográfica de estos datos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal entre el 1 de mayo de 2009 y el 22 de mayo de 2010. Se recabaron diariamente todos los episodios registrados y declarados como gripe en las historias clínicas electrónicas de Atención Primaria del Sistema Sanitario Público de la CM. Se analizaron los datos por fecha, edad, sexo y zonificación sanitaria, desagregando hasta profesional sanitario. Resultados: Se registraron 165.492 episodios de gripe (53,8% en mujeres). El mayor número de casos fue en el grupo de 25 a 49 años (70.691) y el grupo de 5 a 14 años alcanzó la mayor tasa de incidencia semanal (1.618,65 por 100.000 en la semana 43). La tasa total semanal máxima fue 458,47 por 100.000 (semana 44). Los pediatras tuvieron el máximo de casos atendidos y de tasas acumuladas (12 de ellos atendieron a más del 20% de su cupo). Conclusion: La vigilancia de la gripe pandémica (H1N1) 2009 mediante la captura automática diaria de datos de las historias clínicas electrónicas de Atención Primaria fue una fuente de información de especial utilidad en el seguimiento de la evolución de la pandemia y la toma de decisiones estratégicas(AU)

Background: Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 led to implementation in the Madrid Region of new strategies of epidemiology surveillance in order to give response to the need of immediacy and exhaustiveness. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study between May 1th 2009 and May 22th 2010. All disease episodes registered and reported as influenza disease were collected every day from electronic clinical records in primary care of Madrid Regional Public Health System. Data were analyzed by date, age, sex and health zoning, disaggregating into health professionals. Resultados: 165.492 influenza episodes were registered (53,8% in women). The main number of cases was in the 25-49 years group (70.691), and the 5-14 years group reached the maximum weekly incidence rate (1.618,65/100.000 in the week 43). The highest weekly total incidence rate was 458,47/100.000 (week 44). Pediatricians reached the maximum of cases visited and of cumulated rates (12 pediatricians visited more than 20% of their total assigned population). Conclusion: Surveillance of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 by automatic daily data collection from electronic clinical records in primary care has meant a specially useful information source for monitoring the development of pandemic influenza and for the strategic decision making(AU)

[Daily Surveillance of Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 by primary care electronic clinical records in the Madrid region]. / Vigilancia diaria de la gripe pandémica (H1N1) 2009 mediante registros de la historia clínica electrónica de atención primaria en la Comunidad de Madrid.

BACKGROUND: Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 led to implementation in the Madrid Region of new strategies of epidemiology surveillance in order to give response to the need of immediacy and exhaustiveness. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study between May 1th 2009 and May 22th 2010. All disease episodes registered and reported as influenza disease were collected every day from electronic clinical records in primary care of Madrid Regional Public Health System. Data were analyzed by date, age, sex and health zoning, disaggregating into health professionals. RESULTS: 165.492 influenza episodes were registered (53,8% in women). The main number of cases was in the 25-49 years group (70.691), and the 5-14 years group reached the maximum weekly incidence rate (1.618,65/100.000 in the week 43). The highest weekly total incidence rate was 458,47/100.000 (week 44). Pediatricians reached the maximum of cases visited and of cumulated rates (12 pediatricians visited more than 20% of their total assigned population). CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 by automatic daily data collection from electronic clinical records in primary care has meant a specially useful information source for monitoring the development of pandemic influenza and for the strategic decision making.