Immunochromatographic POC-CCA Test for the diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in a high endemic region in Brazil: Differences in the interpretation of results.

The POC-CCA test is subject to variations in reading interpretations depending on the intensity of its results, and trace test reading have implications for determining prevalence. The aim of this study was to assess whether the readings obtained from the POC-CCA tests, conducted using a semi-quantitative scale (the G-score classification for test determination), exhibited concurrence with the direct visual interpretation (positive, negative, or trace) performed by two distinct analysts, using photographs from previously performed POC-CCA test carried out in the municipality of Maruim, in the state of Sergipe-Brazil, a region of high endemicity. The devices used to read the photographs were smartphones, so as to simulate field usage, and a desktop, a tool with higher image quality that would help the researchers in the evaluation and establishment of the final result at a later. In direct visual interpretation of the POC-CCA photographs, the most discordant results occurred in the identification of the trace response (T). The Kappa index established for the direct visual interpretation between the two analysts, in which T is considered as positive, in the desktop was κ=0.826 and in the smartphone, κ=0.950. When we use the G-score as a reading standardization technique and classify the results according to the manufacturer, with trace being evaluated as positive, the highest level of agreement was obtained. Some disagreement remains between the direct visual interpretation and the G-score when performed on the desktop, with more individuals being classified as negative in the direct visual interpretation, by both analysts. However, this result was not statistically significant. The use of the G-score scale proved to be an excellent tool for standardizing the readings and classifying the results according to the semi-quantitative scale showed greater concordance of results both among analysts and among the different devices used to view the photographs.

Diagnostic comparison of stool exam and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test for schistosomiasis mansoni diagnosis in a high endemicity area in northeastern Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in a highly endemic area in Brazil, comparing it to the Kato-Katz (KK) technique for sensitivity, specificity and the intensity of the reaction of the test in relation to the parasitic load. The community in Sergipe, Brazil, participated in the study, providing three stool samples, one of urine (POC-CCA) and fingers tick blood sample was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, kappa coefficient and Spearman's correlation were calculated for the POC-CCA test using the KK as the reference. The prevalence of schistosomiasis by KK testing was 48.82%; POC-CCA (t+) 66.14%; POC-CCA (t-) 45.24%. ELISA results showed 100% agreement in individuals with high and moderate eggs per gram (EPG). POC-CCA presented good diagnostic performance in individuals with medium and high EPG, but there were a high number of false negatives in individuals with low intensity infections. As observed, POC-CCA-filter test improves accuracy and sensitivity compared to a conventional test.

Predictive factors of burnout syndrome in nursing students at a public university.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and analyze the existence of predictive factors of burnout syndrome in nursing students of a public university unit. METHOD: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from two instruments: a sociodemographic instrument and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted to assess the association between variables. RESULTS: There were 100 students who participated in the research, of which 20% presented burnout syndrome. Second (p = 0.036) and third year students (p = 0.046), those using medication (p = 0.002) and those considering dropping out (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with burnout. Only students who were thinking of dropping out of the course (p = 0.025) maintained a significant association in the multiple logistic regression model, which means that the probability of an individual from the population from which the sample was extracted presenting burnout syndrome was higher in this variable. CONCLUSION: The burnout syndrome prevalence corresponded to 20%. The predictors of burnout were: second and third years of the course, use of medication and thinking of dropping out from the course.

Changes in the epidemiological profile of intestinal parasites after a school-based large-scale treatment for soil-transmitted helminths in a community in northeastern Brazil: Epidemiological profile after large-scale school-based treatment for STH.

Intestinal parasites cause a significant public health problem worldwide due to the associated morbidities, mainly in infected school-aged children (SAC). The strategy of large-scale deworming in SAC to control the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) has been advocated by the World Health Organization and was recently adopted in Brazil; however, the long-term effects of mass deworming on the larger parasitological profile have been less studied. After a five-year period of school-based large-scale treatment for STH using an annual single dose of albendazole in a community of Sergipe state, Brazil, a marked reduction in prevalence was observed (15.4%% vs.7.4% for Ascaris sp., 6.0%%  vs. 0.4% for hookworm, and 12.8%%  vs. 4.5%% for Trichuris trichiura), with the exception of Strongyloides stercoralis, which had no statistically significant change in prevalence. There was, however, an increase in the prevalence of intestinal protozoans, specifically Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (0.0%% vs. 36.0%), Blastocystis hominis (0.0%%  vs. 40.1%), and Giardia duodenalis (5.6%% vs. 14.5%). Although the findings showed a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of STH after four rounds of preventive chemotherapy, there was an increase in intestinal protozoan infections, indicating a change in the epidemiological profile.

Predictive factors of burnout syndrome in nursing students at a public university / Factores predictivos del síndrome de burnout en académicos de enfermería de una universidad pública / Fatores preditivos da síndrome de burnout em acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma universidade pública

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence and analyze the existence of predictive factors of burnout syndrome in nursing students of a public university unit. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from two instruments: a sociodemographic instrument and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted to assess the association between variables. Results: There were 100 students who participated in the research, of which 20% presented burnout syndrome. Second (p = 0.036) and third year students (p = 0.046), those using medication (p = 0.002) and those considering dropping out (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with burnout. Only students who were thinking of dropping out of the course (p = 0.025) maintained a significant association in the multiple logistic regression model, which means that the probability of an individual from the population from which the sample was extracted presenting burnout syndrome was higher in this variable. Conclusion: The burnout syndrome prevalence corresponded to 20%. The predictors of burnout were: second and third years of the course, use of medication and thinking of dropping out from the course.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y analizar la existencia de factores predictivos del burnout en académicos de enfermería de una unidad universidad pública. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. Se emplearon, en la recolección de datos, dos instrumentos: uno sociodemográfico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey. Para evaluar la asociación entre las variables fueron ajustados modelos de regresión logística simple y múltiple. Resultados: Participaron en la investigación 100 estudiantes. Presentaron el síndrome el 20% de la muestra. Los académicos del segundo (p = 0,036) y del tercer curso del pregrado (p = 0,046), quienes utilizaban medicamento (p = 0,002) y quienes pensaban en desistir de la carrera (p = 0,001) presentaron asociación significativa con el burnout. En el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, solo los académicos que pensaban en desistir de la carrera (p = 0,025) mantuvieron asociación significativa, es decir, la probabilidad de que un individuo de la población de la que se extrajo la muestra presente el síndrome fue más elevada en esta variable. Conclusión: La prevalencia del síndrome correspondió al 20%. Los factores predictivos del burnout fueron: segundo y tercer cursos del pregrado, empleo de medicamento y pensamiento de desistir de la carrera.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e analisar a existência de fatores preditivos do burnout em acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma unidade universitária pública. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal. Utilizou-se, na coleta de dados, de dois instrumentos: um sociodemográfico e o Maslach Burnout Inventory ‒ Student Survey. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis foram ajustados modelos de regressões logísticas simples e múltipla. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 100 estudantes. Apresentaram a síndrome 20% da amostra. Os acadêmicos do segundo (p = 0,036) e do terceiro anos da graduação (p = 0,046), os que utilizavam medicamento (p = 0,002) e os que pensavam em desistir do curso (p = 0,001) apresentaram associação significativa com o burnout. No modelo de regressão logística múltipla, apenas os acadêmicos que pensavam em desistir do curso (p = 0,025) mantiveram associação significativa, ou seja, a probabilidade de um indivíduo da população da qual a amostra foi extraída apresentar a síndrome foi mais elevada nesta variável. Conclusão: A prevalência da síndrome correspondeu a 20%. Os fatores preditivos do burnout foram: segundo e terceiro anos da graduação, uso de medicamento e pensamento de desistir do curso.

Impact of breast cancer and quality of life of women survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of breast cancer and the quality of life of women survivors and to identify associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative study conducted with women receiving outpatient post-treatment care at a public institution of the city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Instruments: sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires; Impact of Cancer scale; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer scale. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS: One hundred women were included in the study with a mean age of 60 years (SD = 11.3); most with less than 5 years of follow-up, low purchasing power, and low education levels. Negative Impact of Cancer: Health Worry, Body Changes, Feelings, and Meaning of Cancer. Quality of life: 81.9 (18.3), specific: 105.6 (24.6). The following subscales of the impact of cancer scale predicted lower quality of life scores: Body Changes, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Concerns about Cancer (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Although they presented high scores for quality of life, patients reported negative impacts of cancer, enhanced by vulnerabilities.

Impact of breast cancer and quality of life of women survivors / Impacto del cáncer de mama y calidad de vida de mujeres sobrevivientes / Impacto do câncer de mama e qualidade de vida de mulheres sobreviventes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of breast cancer and the quality of life of women survivors and to identify associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables. Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative study conducted with women receiving outpatient post-treatment care at a public institution of the city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Instruments: sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires; Impact of Cancer scale; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer scale. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed. Results: One hundred women were included in the study with a mean age of 60 years (SD = 11.3); most with less than 5 years of follow-up, low purchasing power, and low education levels. Negative Impact of Cancer: Health Worry, Body Changes, Feelings, and Meaning of Cancer. Quality of life: 81.9 (18.3), specific: 105.6 (24.6). The following subscales of the impact of cancer scale predicted lower quality of life scores: Body Changes, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Concerns about Cancer (p <0.05). Conclusion: Although they presented high scores for quality of life, patients reported negative impacts of cancer, enhanced by vulnerabilities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del cáncer de mama y la calidad de vida de mujeres sobrevivientes, identificar asociación de variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método: Transversal, analítico, cuantitativo, con mujeres post-tratamiento ambulatorio de cáncer de mama en institución pública del municipio de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Instrumentos: Sociodemográfico y clínico; Escala Impacto del Cáncer; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Análisis estadístico descriptivo y analítico. Resultados: Cien mujeres, media etaria de 60 años (SD=11,3), mayoría en seguimiento inferior a 5 años, bajos recursos y escolarización. Impacto del Cáncer negativo: Preocupación por la Salud, Cambios Corporales, Sentimientos y Significado del Cáncer. Calidad de Vida: 81,9 (18,3), específico: 105,6 (24,6). Subescalas del impacto del cáncer predictoras de peores puntajes de calidad de vida: Cambios Corporales, Autoevaluación Negativa y Preocupación por el Cáncer (ps<0,05). Conclusión: Aun presentando buenos puntajes de calidad de vida las pacientes informaron impacto negativo del cáncer, agravado por sus vulnerabilidades.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do câncer de mama e a qualidade de vida de mulheres sobreviventes e identificar associação de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método: Transversal, analítico, quantitativo, com mulheres pós-tratamento ambulatorial de câncer de mama em instituição pública do município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Instrumentos: sociodemográfico e clínico; escala Impacto do Câncer; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Análise estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: 100 mulheres, média de 60 anos (DP=11,3); maioria em seguimento inferior há 5 anos, baixo poder econômico e escolaridade. Impacto do Câncer negativo: Preocupação com a Saúde, Mudanças Corporais, Sentimentos e Significado do Câncer. Qualidade de Vida: 81,9 (18,3), específico: 105,6 (24,6). Subescalas do impacto do câncer que predisseram piores escores de qualidade de vida : Mudanças Corporais, Autoavaliação Negativa e Preocupação com o Câncer (ps<0,05). Conclusão: Apesar de apresentarem um bom escore de qualidade de vida, pacientes reportaram impacto negativo do câncer, agravado por vulnerabilidades.

First records of molluscs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Northeastern Brazil, including new global records of natural intermediate hosts.

Human neural angiostrongyliasis is an emerging infectious disease caused by nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The present study investigated the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in terrestrial molluscs collected from the following areas in the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil: Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sao Cristovao and Aracaju. In total, 703 specimens representing 13 mollusc species were screened for Angiostrongylus spp. Larvae of Angiostrongylus spp. were found in three species. Larvae recovered from Achatina fulica were used for experimental infection in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). For specific identification of nematodes, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from both larvae and adults recovered from molluscs and rats, respectively. Infection with A. cantonensis was detected in all municipalities and in the following three host species: Bulimulus tenuissimus, Cyclodontina fasciata (Barra dos Coqueiros), and A. fulica (Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and Sao Cristovao). Co-infections were also found with Caenorhabditis sp. and Strongyluris sp. larvae. This is the first study of the helminth fauna associated with the terrestrial malacofauna in Sergipe State, and confirms that these three snail species are involved in the transmission of A. cantonensis in the state. In addition, B. tenuissimus and C. fasciata are newly reported natural hosts of the parasite.

Desafios vivenciados por docentes no ensino das competências gerenciais / Desafíos experimentados por los profesores en la enseñanza de habilidades de gestión / Challenges experienced by teachers in teaching management skills

RESUMO Introdução: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação em Enfermagem (DCNs/ENF) propõem mudanças no ensino e na formação do enfermeiro, por meio da construção de um novo perfil acadêmico, com ênfase nas competências e habilidades. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos docentes acerca do desenvolvimento das competências gerenciais nos discentes estudantes do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Métodos: Transversal, descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado com 09 docentes de uma universidade particular no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As coletas de dados ocorreram no período de janeiro à maio de 2013. Os dados foram analisados sistematicamente com base na análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram cinco grandes temas e por meio deles foi possível identificar que a formação acadêmica esta voltada para assistência de enfermagem, bem como importância da aquisição de conhecimento técnico-científico, as dificuldades do estudante em relação aos temas gerenciais. Conclusões: Docentes reconhecem a importância do desenvolvimento das competências gerencias, embora denominem apenas três delas, as apontam como vitais para o desenvolvimento das atividades gerenciais e, utilizam-se da relação estabelecida entre a teoria e a prática para facilitar o ensino e aprendizagem(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales del curso de graduación en Enfermería (DCNs/ENF) proponen cambios en la educación y formación de las enfermeras a través de la construcción de un nuevo perfil académico, con énfasis en las habilidades y capacidades. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de los profesores en el desarrollo de las capacidades de gestión en los estudiantes de la licenciatura en enfermería. Métodos: Transversal, descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Se llevó a cabo con 09 profesores de una universidad privada en el estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados de enero a mayo de 2013. Los datos fueron analizados de forma sistemática basada en el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Cinco temas principales surgieron y a través de ellos fue posible identificar la formación académica que se centró en la atención de enfermería, así como la importancia de adquirir conocimientos técnicos y científicos, dificultades de los alumnos en relación con las cuestiones de gestión. Conclusiones: Los maestros reconocieron la importancia de desarrollar la capacidad de gestión, aunque se mencionan solo tres de ellos, como vitales para el desarrollo de las actividades de gestión. Se utilizan la relación entre teoría y práctica para facilitar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The National Curricular Guidelines of the undergraduate nursing course (DCNs/ENF) propose changes in education and training of nurses, through the construction of a new academic profile, with emphasis on skills and abilities. Objective: To know the perception of teachers on the development of managerial skills in students of the degree course in nursing. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive with qualitative approach was carried out with 09 teachers from a private university in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection occurred from January to May 2013. Data were systematically analyzed based on content analysis. Results: Five major themes emerged and through them it was possible to identify the academic training that focused on nursing care, as well as importance of acquiring technical and scientific knowledge, student difficulties in relation to the management issues. Conclusions: Teachers recognize the importance of developing managerial skills, although denominate only three of them, the point as vital to the development of management activities and are used of the relationship between theory and practice to facilitate teaching and learning(AU)

Abordagem da sexualidade no cuidado ao paciente oncológico: barreiras e estratégias / Abordaje de la sexualidad en el cuidado del paciente oncológico: barreras y estrategias / Approach to sexuality in the care of cancer patients: barriers and strategies

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os fatores intervenientes para a abordagem da sexualidade, pelo paciente e profissional, e descrever as estratégias empenhadas para a abordagem da sexualidade no cuidado ao paciente com câncer. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura, baseada em etapas sistemáticas, nas bases de dados e ou bibliotecas eletrônicas: LILACS, PUbMed, MEDLINE, IBECS, ScIELO, UpToDate, BDEnf. As buscas ocorreram entre dezembro de 2016 a julho de 2017. Criterios de inclusão: estudos com pacientes oncológicos, idade acima de 18 anos; publicados nos últimos dez anos (2007-2017); disponíveis na íntegra; nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Excluídos: teses, dissertações, revisões (sistemática, narrativa e integrativa), artigos de opinião e editoriais. Resultados: Incluídos 18 artigos, seis artigos referentes a fatores intervenientes e 12 artigos referentes a estratégias adotadas para abordagem da sexualidade. A maioria dos artigos evidenciou a dificuldade com a qual o tema é tratado na prática profissional, nas perspectivas da comunicação e das relações interpessoais entre pacientes e profissionais, reiterando a premissa que a saúde sexual do paciente é, normalmente, negligenciada. Os estudos que versavam sobre as intervenções empreendidas para sanarem as lacunas, demonstraram diferentes graus de positividade e demonstraram que é necessária a capacitação dos profissionais com estratégias de orientação e aconselhamento. Há modelos de intervenção disponíveis na literatura. Conclusão: A sexualidade é negligenciada no cuidado ao paciente com câncer. A atenção multidisciplinar em oncologia precisa reconhecer esta realidade e empreender, numa ação conjunta, atividades de educação e apoio psicossocial, para que esta necessidade humana básica seja satisfeita pelos pacientes.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los factores que intervienen en la forma en que el paciente y el profesional abordan la sexualidad y describir las estrategias empleadas para abordar la sexualidad en el cuidado del paciente con cáncer. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de literatura, basada en etapas sistemáticas, en las bases de datos y/o bibliotecas electrónicas: LILACS, PUbMed, MEDLINE, IBECS, ScIELO, UpToDate, BDEnf. Las búsquedas ocurrieron entre diciembre de 2016 y julio de 2017. Criterios de inclusión: estudios con pacientes oncológicos, de más de 18 años, publicados en los últimos diez años (2007-2017) y disponibles, en su totalidad; en portugués, español e inglés. Excluidos: tesis, disertaciones, revisiones (sistemáticas, narrativas e integrativas), artículos de opinión y editoriales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 artículos, seis artículos referentes a factores intervinientes y 12 artículos referentes a estrategias adoptadas para el abordaje de la sexualidad. La mayoría de los artículos evidenció la difi cultad con la cual el tema es tratado en la práctica profesional, en las perspectivas de la comunicación y de las relaciones interpersonales entre pacientes y profesionales, y reiteró la premisa de que, normalmente, la salud sexual del paciente es descuidada. Los estudios que versaban sobre las intervenciones emprendidas para subsanar las lagunas, demostraron diferentes grados de positividad, así como que es necesaria la capacitación de los profesionales en estrategias de orientación y asesoramiento. Hay modelos de intervención disponibles en la literatura. Conclusión: La sexualidad se descuida en el cuidado del paciente con cáncer. La atención multidisciplinaria en oncología necesita reconocer esta realidad y emprender, en una acción conjunta, actividades de educación y apoyo psicosocial, para que esta necesidad humana básica sea satisfecha en los pacientes.

Abstract Objective: To identify intervening factors in the approach to sexuality, by patients and professionals, and to describe strategies used in this approach in the care of cancer patients. Methods: Integrative literature review, based on systematic steps, databases and/or electronic libraries: LILACS, PUbMed, MEDLINE, IBECS, ScIELO, UpToDate, BDEnf. Searches were carried out between December 2016 and July 2017. Inclusion criteria: studies with cancer patients aged over 18; published in the last ten years (2007-2017); available in full; written in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Theses, essays, reviews (systematic, narrative, and integrative), opinion articles and editorials were excluded. Results: Eighteen articles were included, six of which were related to intervening factors, and 12 articles related to strategies adopted to address sexuality. Most articles showed how difficult it is to address the topic in professional practice, from a communication point of view and also regarding interpersonal relationships between patients and health professionals, reaffirming that the sexual health of patients is often overlooked. Studies that addressed the measures taken to remedy the shortcomings showed different degrees of positivity and that it is necessary to train professionals by means of guidance and counseling strategies. Intervention models can be found in the literature. Conclusion: Sexuality is overlooked in the care of cancer patients. Multidisciplinary care in oncology has to acknowledge this situation and implement, in a joint action, educational and psychosocial support activities so this basic human need is met.

The Biopsychosocial Sphere of Women Victims of Violence: A Systematic Review / La esfera biopsicosocial de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia: una revisión sistemática / A esfera biopsicossocial de mulheres vítimas de violência: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the contribution of developed research to a biopsychosocial sphere of women victims of violence and the meaning attributed to these experiences in their lives. Method: An integrative review conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS databases, covering the years from 2009 to 2015. Results: We selected and analyzed 18 studies with the selection criteria being the reasons given by women for remaining with a violent partner, the reasons for not seeking help to break the cycle of violence, or the meaning attributed to this experience in their lives, including the social, religious, ethical and moral meaning, as well as the suffering derived from the experience. Discussion: Interventions at health institutions allow for the development of strategies for coping with this issue. A complaint lodged by the wife against her attacker demonstrates an early break in the cycle of violence. Conclusion: The results evidence aspects that can help to improve the quality of health among these women and show the importance of research to support practices in caring for women who are victims of violence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la contribución de la investigación desarrollada a una esfera biopsicosocial de mujeres víctimas de violencia y el significado atribuido a estas experiencias en sus vidas. Método: revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed y LILACS, que cubre los años de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: se seleccionaron y analizaron 18 estudios, con los criterios de selección siendo las razones dadas por las mujeres para permanecer con un compañero violento, las razones para no buscar ayuda para romper el ciclo de violencia o el significado atribuido a esta experiencia en sus vidas, incluyendo el significado religioso, ético y moral, así como el sufrimiento derivado de la experiencia. Discusión: las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en las instituciones de salud permiten el desarrollo de estratificaciones para hacer frente a este problema. Una denuncia presentada por una esposa contra su atacante demuestra una ruptura temprana en el ciclo de violencia. Conclusión: los resultados evidencian aspectos que pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de la salud de estas mujeres y muestran la importancia de la investigación para apoyar las prácticas en el cuidado de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a contribuição de pesquisas desenvolvidas na esfera biopsicossocial de mulheres vítimas de violência e o significado atribuído a essas experiências em suas vidas. Materiais e método: revisão integrativa conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS, abrangendo os anos desde 2009 até 2015. Resultados: selecionamos e analisamos 18 trabalhos com os critérios de seleção: os motivos dados pelas mulheres para ficar com um parceiro violento, os motivos por não procurarem ajuda para quebrar o ciclo de violência ou o significado atribuído a essa experiência em suas vidas, incluindo o significado social, religioso, ético e moral, como também o sofrimento derivado da experiência. Discussão: intervenções em instituições de saúde permitem o desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidar com esse assunto. A denúncia da esposa contra seu atacante demonstra uma quebra precoce no ciclo de violência. Conclusões: os resultados evidenciam aspectos que podem ajudar a melhorar a qualidade da saúde de mulheres que são vítimas de violência e mostrar a importância da pesquisa para apoiar práticas de cuidados para elas.

A Case-Control Study on the Oxidative Balance of 50% Autologous Serum Eye Drops.

Importance. Autologous serum (AS) eye drops are recommended for severe dry eye in patients with ocular surface disease. No description of the antioxidant balance of AS eye drops has been reported in the literature. Objective. This study sought to evaluate the total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in samples of 50% AS eye drops and their correlations with the demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of patients with ocular surface disease and healthy controls. Design. This was a case-control study with a 3-month follow-up period. Participants. 16 patients with severe dry eye disease of different etiologies and 17 healthy controls matched by age, gender, and race were included. Results. TRAP and ROS were detected at all evaluated times. There were no differences in the mean ROS (p = 0.429) or TRAP (p = 0.475) levels between cases and controls. No statistically significant differences in the concentrations of ROS or TRAPs were found at 0, 15, or 30 days (p for ROS = 0.087 and p for TRAP = 0.93). Neither the demographic characteristics nor the lifestyle habits were correlated with the oxidative balance of the 50% AS eye drops. Conclusions and Relevance. Both fresh and frozen 50% AS eye drops present antioxidant capacities and ROS in an apparently stable balance. Moreover, patients with ocular surface disease and normal controls produce equivalent AS eye drops in terms of oxidative properties.

Competências profissionais e o processo de formação em enfermagem: revisão integrativa / Professional competences and the formation process in nursing: a integrative review / Competencias profesionales el proceso de formación de enfermería: revisón integradora

Objetivo: identificar o significado que o professor atribui as competências profissionais e a intervenções propostas pelas novas Diretrizes Curriculares. Método: revisão integrativa que teve como questão << O que tem sido produzida acerca das competências profissionais e o processo de formação em enfermagem? >>. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e TESESENF. Para presente revisão foram analisados 11 artigos publicados no período de 2005 a 2011. Resultados: Os artigos abordaram em seu objetivo a temática competência profissional: na construção do projeto político pedagógico (54,5%) e como uma ferramenta a ser desenvolvidas nos discentes (45,5%). Conclusão: Esperamos que a temática identificada neste estudo contribua para o desenvolvimento de pensamentos e atitudes críticos/reflexivos na enfermagem.(AU)

Objective: to identify the meaning that professors assign professional competences and interventions proposed by the new Curriculum Guidelines. Method: a integrative review that the question is << Which has been produced about the professional competences and the formation process on nursing? >>. The research was realized in LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE and TESESENF Databases. To review was analyzed 11 articles published since 2015 to 2011. Results: the articles addressed in its aims the theme professional competences: on conception of political pedagogical project (54,5%) and how the way to be developed on professors (45,5%). Conclusion: we hope that identify theme in this study contribute to the development over critical / reflexive attitudes in nursing.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar el sentido de que los maestros asignan las competencias profesionales y las intervenciones propuestas por las nuevas Directrices Curriculares. Método: revisión integradora que fue cuestionar << Lo que se ha producido sobre las habilidades profesionales y el proceso de formación en enfermería >> ?. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE y TESESENF. Para esta revisión se analizaron 11 artículos publicados en el período 2005-2011. Resultados: Los artículos abordan el su tema la competencia profesional: la construcción del proyecto político pedagógico (54,5%) y como una herramienta para desarrollar en los estudiantes (45,5%). Conclusión: esperamos que la cuestión identificada en este estudio contribuirá al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y actitudes / reflexivo en enfermeira.(AU)

O ensino das competências gerenciais na percepção dos docentes de curso do enfermagem / The teaching of managerial skills in the perception of teachers of nursing courses

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos docentes que atuam em cursos de graduação em enfermagem em relação aodesenvolvimento de competências gerenciais nos discentes durante o curso de graduação. Método: estudo descritivoexploratóriocom abordagem qualitativa, que será realizado em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior privada no Municípiode Guarulhos, com enfermeiros docentes que ministraram aulas nas disciplinas práticas e/ou teóricas no Curso deGraduação em Enfermagem. A coleta de dados será realizada por meio de entrevista gravadas utilizando questõesnorteadoras a respeito da temática. As narrativas provenientes da entrevista serão transcritos e submetidas à análise deconteúdo. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa mediante CAAE nº 02486012.6.0000.5506. Resultadosesperados: identificar as estratégias e/ou ferramentas utilizada pelo docente para ajudar os graduandos na compreensãode suas competências e verificar a relevância que o docente atribui ao ensino desta temática e como sua disciplina temcontribuído.

Schistosoma mansoni in susceptible and resistant snail strains Biomphalaria tenagophila: in vivo tissue response and in vitro hemocyte interactions.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is highly prevalent, especially in developing countries. Biomphalaria tenagophila is an important invertebrate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil, with some strains (e.g. Cabo Frio) being highly susceptible to the parasite, whereas others (e.g. Taim) are completely resistant to infection. Therefore, B. tenagophila is an important research model for studying immune defense mechanisms against S. mansoni. The internal defense system (IDS) of the snail comprises hemocytes and hemolymph factors acting together to recognize self from non-self molecular patterns to eliminate the threat of infection. We performed experiments to understand the cellular defenses related to the resistance and/or susceptibility of B. tenagophila to S. mansoni. During the early stages of infection, fibrous host cells of both snail strains were arranged as a thin layer surrounding the sporocysts. However, at later stages of infection, the cellular reactions in resistant snails were increasingly more intense, with thicker layers surrounding the parasites, in contrast to susceptible strains. All parasites were damaged or destroyed inside resistant snails after 10 h of infection. By contrast, parasites inside susceptible snails appeared to be morphologically healthy. We also performed experiments using isolated hemocytes from the two strains interacting with sporocysts. Hemocyte attachment started as early as 1 h after initial infection in both strains, but the killing of sporocysts was exclusive to hemocytes from the resistant strain and was time course dependent. The resistant strain was able to kill all sporocysts. In conclusion, our study revealed important aspects of the initial process of infection related to immune defense responses of strains of B. tenagophila that were resistant to S. mansoni compared with strains that were susceptible. Such information is relevant for the survival or death of the parasites and so is important in the development of control measures against this parasite.

Sympathetic ophthalmia after penetrating keratoplasty: a case report evaluated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND: Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare, bilateral, diffuse granulomatous uveitis that usually occurs after open globe injury or intraocular surgery. To our knowledge, findings of this condition using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography have not been previously described. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A case of sympathetic uveitis after a tectonic corneal-scleral keratoplasty because of a fungal keratitis is reported. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images revealed a multilobular serous retinal detachment in the sympathizing eye. The subretinal space was divided by thin septa into compartments filled with subretinal fluid and some high reflective compounds. CONCLUSION: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic imaging noninvasively demonstrated a multilobular serous retinal detachment in the sympathizing eye, sharing the same features previously reported in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

Deep anterior lamellar transplant using lyophilized and Optisol corneas in patients with keratoconus.

PURPOSE: Prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of lyophilized corneas for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in patients with keratoconus. METHODS: Ten eyes underwent DALK and received corneas that had been lyophilized, and 10 eyes received corneas kept in Optisol. Follow-up examinations included measurement of visual acuity (VA; Early Treatment Diabetic Retiropathy Study chart), topography, pachymetry, specular microscopy, contrast sensitivity, and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: All variables improved similarly in both groups, without statistical differences between them, except for the uncorrected VA in the sixth postoperative month, which was better in the lyophilized group (0.46) compared with the Optisol group (0.70). The best spectacle-corrected VA was 0.16 in the lyophilized group and 0.26 in the Optisol group. The mean endothelial cell count during the sixth postoperative month was 2778.5 in the lyophilized group and 2611.5 in the Optisol group. Optisol corneas had greater keratocyte density, and the keratocyte density improved in lyophilized corneas during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Lyophilized corneas can be used successfully for DALK to treat keratoconus with results similar to Optisol corneas.

Clinical results of topical fluconazole for the treatment of filamentous fungal keratitis.

BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis is a rare but serious condition that may result in loss of vision. The potentially poor prognosis might be due to a delay in diagnosis and/or to limited treatment options. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients treated with topical fluconazole 0.2% for the treatment of filamentous fungal keratitis. METHODS: Retrospective case series. A chart review of all patients evaluated at the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas in Paraguay from January 1997 to December 2000 identified 25 cases of fungal keratitis. Among these cases, one patient discontinued the treatment and another received amphotericin as the first line drug, resulting in 23 cases available for data analysis. Twelve patients were treated with topical fluconazole 0.2% alone (Group I) and 11 patients received a combination of topical fluconazole 0.2% and oral ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily (Group II). RESULTS: Sixteen of 23 cases showed resolution of the keratitis, 9/12 (75%) in Group I and 7/11 (64%) in Group II. Seven patients (30%) did not respond to medical treatment and required a surgical procedure to preserve eye integrity. Superficial and small ulcers have a significantly better prognosis than do lrge and deep ulcers. Concomitant oral ketoconazole (400 mg/day) did not improve the clinical results. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of study suggest that topical fluconazole 0.2% is a safe and effective antifungal drug for the management of filamentous mycotic keratitis, particularly in cases that are not severe. The addition of oral ketoconazole to topical fluconazole did not improve the clinical outcome.

Deep stromal mycobacterial keratitis: viable bacteria after six months of treatment: case report and literature review.

To report the presence of viable mycobacteria in a patient with keratitis treated for 6 months. Species identification was performed using the PRA method (polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease analysis). Clonality was evaluated with RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and ERIC-PCR (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction) methods. The patient reported trauma due to a metallic foreign body 3 weeks prior to presentation. Initial corneal scraping cultures revealed Mycobacterium abscessus. After 6 months of topical and systemic treatment the patient presented with no active inflammation and was considered clinically cured. An optic penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Culture of the excised cornea revealed Mycobacterium abscessus. Both isolates had the same clonal origin. The most interesting finding of this case report was the positive culture of the excised cornea after 6 months of intensive specific topical therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature showing this possibility in the treatment of Mycobacterial keratitis. Thus, Mycobacterium abscessus may present viable bacteria after long-term treatment and should be followed carefully for a long period of time after tapering the medication.

Deep stromal mycobacterial keratitis: viable bacteria after six months of treatment: case report and literature review

O objetivo do caso é descrever a presença de micobactérias viáveis em pacientes com ceratite, 6 meses após tratamento intensivo. A identificação de espécies, foi efetuada usando método PRA (polymerase chain reaction seguida pela restriction endonuclease analysis). Clonalidade foi avaliada pelos métodos RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) e ERIC-PCR (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus - polymerase chain reaction). Paciente refere trauma com corpo estranho metálico há 3 semanas. A cultura da córnea revelou Mycobacterium abscessus. Após 6 meses de tratamento tópico e sistêmico, paciente apresentava-se sem inflamação, sendo considerado clinicamente curado. Realizou-se então, uma ceratoplastia penetrante com intuitos ópticos. A cultura da córnea transplantada revelou micobactérias de mesma origem clonal. O achado mais interessante neste relato, foi a positividade da cultura da córnea transplantada após 6 meses de intenso tratamento específico. Ao nosso conhecimento, esse é o primeiro caso relatado na literatura mostrando essa possibilidade em tratamento de ceratites por micobactérias. Assim, os pacientes com ceratite por Mycobacterium abscessus podem apresentar bactérias viáveis após longo tempo de tratamento específico e precisam ser seguidos cuidadosamente por um longo período de tempo.