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Background Children with cerebral palsy, intellectual difficulties, or hearing deficiencies may have enamel hypoplasia. Moreover, as the child begins to walk, the fluorosis progresses to bone malformations in the lower limbs, and it fully manifests as the child grows up. Methodology An epidemiological study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, enamel opacities, and oral hygiene habits among children 4-15 years of age from various schools for special healthcare needs including government schools and non-government organizations. Results The study sample comprised 1,047 children with special healthcare needs in the age group of 4-15 years, with 608 males and 439 females. It was seen that 29.79% of vegetarian children were affected with caries, while only 16.14% of children with a mixed diet were affected with caries. Conclusions There is no significant association between enamel hypoplasia and the physical and mental disabilities of children with special healthcare needs.
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BACKGROUND: Salivary pH plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. Chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products changes salivary pH. AIM: The aim of the study was to measure the effect of habitual chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products on salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 360 individuals (chewers and nonchewers) of age group between 20 and 30 years who visited the Outpatient Department of Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital. The patient's salivary pH was measured with the help of a digital pH meter before and after chewing areca nut and various tobacco products. RESULTS: It was observed that, in all the groups of chewers, pH decreased after chewing except in the gutkha and lime chewing group, where pH increased (pH before chewing was 7.43 ± 0.41 and after chewing was 7.51 ± 0.399), the difference was strongly significant (P < 0.001). pH was found to be less in lime and tobacco chewers (6.83 ± 0.33) and more in tobacco, betel nut, and lime chewers (7.50 ± 0.41) in comparison to other groups before chewing; the difference was strongly significant (P < 0.001). In the mean ± standard deviation, increase in pH was found among chewers (7.32 ± 0.49) as compared to nonchewers (6.99 ± 0.14), which is the control group, and the data were statically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: pH is altered in areca nut and various tobacco chewers, rendering the oral mucosa vulnerable to the toxic effects of areca nut and various tobacco products.
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Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) known as "giant cell epulis" is a benign, reactive exophytic gingival lesion that accounts for less than 10% of all gingival lesions. PGCG affects females more than males with middle age predilection. Till now the etiology of PGCG remains unclear but various factors that can cause PGCG include poor oral hygiene, food impaction, following an extraction, dry mouth, hormonal disturbance, and hyperparathyroidism. The reported recurrence rate of the lesion is 5.0%-70.6%. The present case report describes the rare case of PGCG with primary hyperparathyroidism in a male patient with a history of swelling in the mandibular anterior region.
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BACKGROUND: Digital imaging has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and make quantitative diagnoses. In the recent decades, software for radiographic analysis has been investigated and developed for the detection of lesions and the quantitative assessment of the depth of a caries lesion. In addition, the accuracy of diagnosis may also be enhanced by programs that filter the images. These programs can adjust the brightness and contrast, determine the gray level, invert the shades of gray, and apply pseudocolors. Few studies compared different types of digital images in the diagnosis of changes in the tooth crown. AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess the the diagnostic accuracy of a direct digital radiography (DDR)-CMOS image with four types of filtered images for the detection of occlusal caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty randomly selected patients' teeth were clinically examined and digitally radiographed. Radiographed images are converted into four filter images with the help of software. Filtered images were then selected for inter- and intraobserver examination and the result was subjected to statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: DDR-CMOS and negative image were found to be more useful in diagnosing occlusal caries.
